Protist predation can favour cooperation within bacterial species
... in monocultures regardless of the resource concentration (strain resource: F4,27 ¼ 0.4, p ¼ 0.8, electronic supplementary material, figure S1a). Surprisingly, protists were driven to extinction in 10 and 100% resource concentrations by all bacterial strains during the co-culture experiments. Accor ...
... in monocultures regardless of the resource concentration (strain resource: F4,27 ¼ 0.4, p ¼ 0.8, electronic supplementary material, figure S1a). Surprisingly, protists were driven to extinction in 10 and 100% resource concentrations by all bacterial strains during the co-culture experiments. Accor ...
Novel, Secondary Sensory Cell Organ in Ascidians: In Search of the
... base with peripheral nerve fibers coming from the CNS (Bone and Ryan, 1979; Bone et al., 1979; Bollner et al., 1986; Bone and Mackie, 1982). Among the mechanoreceptors of tunicates, the cupular sense organs are of special interest. These are found in the atrium of the adult of the ascidian Ciona int ...
... base with peripheral nerve fibers coming from the CNS (Bone and Ryan, 1979; Bone et al., 1979; Bollner et al., 1986; Bone and Mackie, 1982). Among the mechanoreceptors of tunicates, the cupular sense organs are of special interest. These are found in the atrium of the adult of the ascidian Ciona int ...
Summer 2012
... Luciferase Detection Reagents The phenomenon of bioluminescence is the emission of visible light produced when luciferases catalyze the oxidation of specific substrates. Substrates of luciferases can be broadly classed into two groups; luciferins and coelenterazines. Luciferases, such as firefly, th ...
... Luciferase Detection Reagents The phenomenon of bioluminescence is the emission of visible light produced when luciferases catalyze the oxidation of specific substrates. Substrates of luciferases can be broadly classed into two groups; luciferins and coelenterazines. Luciferases, such as firefly, th ...
A TUrBO SWITCH SpEEdS Up A CRUCIAL CALCIUM PUMP
... The SERCA calcium pump is related to the PMCA calcium pump and it is present in all higher cells, where it pumps calcium from the cytoplasm into internal stores, e.g. when muscles are relaxed. This calcium pump has been extensively studied in our lab with structure determination of several high-reso ...
... The SERCA calcium pump is related to the PMCA calcium pump and it is present in all higher cells, where it pumps calcium from the cytoplasm into internal stores, e.g. when muscles are relaxed. This calcium pump has been extensively studied in our lab with structure determination of several high-reso ...
Corneal epithelial cell biocompatibility to silicone
... Purpose: Although all contact lenses (CLs) are applied initially to the eye directly from a packaging solution, little is known about the effects of these solutions on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Due to the porous nature of CL materials, they have the potential to sorb components of the ...
... Purpose: Although all contact lenses (CLs) are applied initially to the eye directly from a packaging solution, little is known about the effects of these solutions on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Due to the porous nature of CL materials, they have the potential to sorb components of the ...
Amoeba and Paramecium
... -react to chemicals – salt and vinegar -live in slightly acidic environments (stagnant H2O) -anterior end sensitive – move by trial and error ...
... -react to chemicals – salt and vinegar -live in slightly acidic environments (stagnant H2O) -anterior end sensitive – move by trial and error ...
Protection of Drosophila chromosome ends with minimal telomere
... complex includes the fast evolving, non conserved proteins HP1/ORC-associated protein (HOAP), HipHop, Verrocchio (Ver) and Modigliani (Moi), which are called Terminin proteins, and the conserved Heterochromatin Protein 1a (HP1a) (Raffa et al. 2011; 2013). Whereas HP1a localizes not only at telomeres ...
... complex includes the fast evolving, non conserved proteins HP1/ORC-associated protein (HOAP), HipHop, Verrocchio (Ver) and Modigliani (Moi), which are called Terminin proteins, and the conserved Heterochromatin Protein 1a (HP1a) (Raffa et al. 2011; 2013). Whereas HP1a localizes not only at telomeres ...
TR Worksheets
... Movement of materials is by a mechanism known as ___________ ___________. The flow of materials in phloem is an ___________ process that requires energy. Another name for the mechanism by which it occurs is the ________________________ system that is driven by pressure gradients generated osmoticall ...
... Movement of materials is by a mechanism known as ___________ ___________. The flow of materials in phloem is an ___________ process that requires energy. Another name for the mechanism by which it occurs is the ________________________ system that is driven by pressure gradients generated osmoticall ...
PHAGOLYSOSOME FORMATION IN NORMAL AND
... cell protein, was determined for the period during which uptake was linear (between 20 and 60 min after addition of particles) and was corrected for nonspecific adherence. Quantitation of Transfer of Lysosomal Enzymes to Phagolysosomes . Macrophage monolayers were allowed to ingest varying concentra ...
... cell protein, was determined for the period during which uptake was linear (between 20 and 60 min after addition of particles) and was corrected for nonspecific adherence. Quantitation of Transfer of Lysosomal Enzymes to Phagolysosomes . Macrophage monolayers were allowed to ingest varying concentra ...
SUMO Pathway Modulation of Regulatory Protein Binding
... polymerase machinery from proceeding into the RNAPItranscribed region. The resulting stalled replication fork is responsible for the high rates of DNA double-stranded breaks and homologous recombination that characterize the rDNA locus (Kobayashi and Horiuchi 1996). After S phase, Fob1 primarily fun ...
... polymerase machinery from proceeding into the RNAPItranscribed region. The resulting stalled replication fork is responsible for the high rates of DNA double-stranded breaks and homologous recombination that characterize the rDNA locus (Kobayashi and Horiuchi 1996). After S phase, Fob1 primarily fun ...
Gene Section AURKB (aurora kinase B) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... In mitosis, the chromosomal passenger complex, composed of Aurora B, Survivin, Borealin and INCENP, controls chromosome alignment, histone modification, and cytokinesis (Knauer et al., 2007). Presence of this complex at the right place at the right time is the key to precise control of its enzymatic ...
... In mitosis, the chromosomal passenger complex, composed of Aurora B, Survivin, Borealin and INCENP, controls chromosome alignment, histone modification, and cytokinesis (Knauer et al., 2007). Presence of this complex at the right place at the right time is the key to precise control of its enzymatic ...
Stimulation of naive T cell adhesion and immunological synapse
... Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. E-mail: [email protected] ...
... Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. E-mail: [email protected] ...
Plasma Membrane Ghosts Form Differently When Produced from
... (Fig. 5A), but like type II ghosts, they lacked microtubules although neighbouring type I ghosts retained normal microtubules (Fig. 5B). Because of their rarity, however, type III ghosts were not studied further. Type II ghosts derive from protoplasts trapped in division—While the type I ghosts deri ...
... (Fig. 5A), but like type II ghosts, they lacked microtubules although neighbouring type I ghosts retained normal microtubules (Fig. 5B). Because of their rarity, however, type III ghosts were not studied further. Type II ghosts derive from protoplasts trapped in division—While the type I ghosts deri ...
Neuronal body size correlates with the number of nucleoli
... rates have demonstrated that differences in cell size correspond to differences in RNA content and a tight correlation has also been shown to exist between transcription rates and RNA:DNA ratios in cells from adult rodents (Schmidt and Schibler, 1995). Moreover, the effect of transcription on cellul ...
... rates have demonstrated that differences in cell size correspond to differences in RNA content and a tight correlation has also been shown to exist between transcription rates and RNA:DNA ratios in cells from adult rodents (Schmidt and Schibler, 1995). Moreover, the effect of transcription on cellul ...
The Living World - Chapter 4 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
Cell Differentiation for the Regulation of Thymocyte and Th2 Distinct
... region C-terminal to the second zinc finger. Converting a single proline residue located in this region of GATA-4 to its counterpart, a methionine of GATA-3, was sufficient to enhance the IL-13-promoting function of GATA-4 but had no effect on other cytokines. Taken together, our data demonstrate th ...
... region C-terminal to the second zinc finger. Converting a single proline residue located in this region of GATA-4 to its counterpart, a methionine of GATA-3, was sufficient to enhance the IL-13-promoting function of GATA-4 but had no effect on other cytokines. Taken together, our data demonstrate th ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... 1.1 The in vitro study of the effect of topography on nerve cells The role of soluble (bio)chemical signals in cell shape, cell adhesion, differentiation and axon guidance, is well established [1]. In addition to the biochemical signals, there is increasing evidence that the physical parameters (e.g ...
... 1.1 The in vitro study of the effect of topography on nerve cells The role of soluble (bio)chemical signals in cell shape, cell adhesion, differentiation and axon guidance, is well established [1]. In addition to the biochemical signals, there is increasing evidence that the physical parameters (e.g ...
Mutations affecting development of zebrafish digestive organs
... During maturation of the intestine, the lining cells develop from a simple cuboidal to a polarized columnar epithelium composed of several distinctive cell types. Outside the basement membrane there is growth of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. Epithelial buds from the foreg ...
... During maturation of the intestine, the lining cells develop from a simple cuboidal to a polarized columnar epithelium composed of several distinctive cell types. Outside the basement membrane there is growth of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. Epithelial buds from the foreg ...
Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis
... members, or both (19). Thus, analysis of TRAIL signaling must also take into account kinase-activation events. TRAIL has extensive homology with TNF-␣, which can also trigger apoptosis, in part, by inducing lysosomal permeabilization (20 –23). The release of lysosomal cathepsins, especially cathepsi ...
... members, or both (19). Thus, analysis of TRAIL signaling must also take into account kinase-activation events. TRAIL has extensive homology with TNF-␣, which can also trigger apoptosis, in part, by inducing lysosomal permeabilization (20 –23). The release of lysosomal cathepsins, especially cathepsi ...
Plant Vacuoles
... review of membrane ATPases, see Sze et al., 1999, in this issue). Both vacuoles change shape to effect cell shrinkage. The tannin-containing vacuole forms interconnected tubules, whereas the aqueous vacuole develops membrane wrinkles. In any case, the tannin vacuole and the aqueous vacuole do not me ...
... review of membrane ATPases, see Sze et al., 1999, in this issue). Both vacuoles change shape to effect cell shrinkage. The tannin-containing vacuole forms interconnected tubules, whereas the aqueous vacuole develops membrane wrinkles. In any case, the tannin vacuole and the aqueous vacuole do not me ...
5 | structure and function of plasma membranes
... 5.1 | Components and Structure By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Understand the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes • Describe the functions of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates in membranes • Discuss membrane fluidity A cell’s plasma membrane defines the cell, outlines it ...
... 5.1 | Components and Structure By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Understand the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes • Describe the functions of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates in membranes • Discuss membrane fluidity A cell’s plasma membrane defines the cell, outlines it ...
The COPI Complex Functions in Nuclear Envelope Breakdown and
... 2003). Despite the continuity at each nuclear pore between the inner and outer nuclear membranes, a unique profile of proteins are anchored in the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with proteins located at the peripheral nuclear lamina and chromatin (Burke and Ellenberg, 2002). In metazoan ...
... 2003). Despite the continuity at each nuclear pore between the inner and outer nuclear membranes, a unique profile of proteins are anchored in the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with proteins located at the peripheral nuclear lamina and chromatin (Burke and Ellenberg, 2002). In metazoan ...
Plant Vacuoles
... review of membrane ATPases, see Sze et al., 1999, in this issue). Both vacuoles change shape to effect cell shrinkage. The tannin-containing vacuole forms interconnected tubules, whereas the aqueous vacuole develops membrane wrinkles. In any case, the tannin vacuole and the aqueous vacuole do not me ...
... review of membrane ATPases, see Sze et al., 1999, in this issue). Both vacuoles change shape to effect cell shrinkage. The tannin-containing vacuole forms interconnected tubules, whereas the aqueous vacuole develops membrane wrinkles. In any case, the tannin vacuole and the aqueous vacuole do not me ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.