Uptake of glutamate, not glutamine synthetase, regulates adaptation
... Glutamine synthetase activity during cell growth Changes in GS activity have been associated with the concentration of glutamine in the medium and these were investigated. The intracellular glutamine synthetase activity of McCoy (Fig. 3A) and MDCK cells (Fig. 3B) was determined by colorimetric assay ...
... Glutamine synthetase activity during cell growth Changes in GS activity have been associated with the concentration of glutamine in the medium and these were investigated. The intracellular glutamine synthetase activity of McCoy (Fig. 3A) and MDCK cells (Fig. 3B) was determined by colorimetric assay ...
Asymmetric adhesion of rod-shaped bacteria controls microcolony
... decays with a characteristic length of 3µm (Figure S2C,D). These results show that cell elongation uniformly drives the expansion of the microcolony. However, the bacteria tend to align and steric interactions participate in shaping the microcolony. We then investigated how adhesion to the substrate ...
... decays with a characteristic length of 3µm (Figure S2C,D). These results show that cell elongation uniformly drives the expansion of the microcolony. However, the bacteria tend to align and steric interactions participate in shaping the microcolony. We then investigated how adhesion to the substrate ...
and Function Activation Sulfenic Acid Formation for T Cell The
... Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generated in response to receptor stimulation play an important role in mediating cellular responses. We have examined the importance of reversible cysteine sulfenic acid formation in naive CD8ⴙ T cell activation and proliferation. We observed that, within minutes ...
... Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generated in response to receptor stimulation play an important role in mediating cellular responses. We have examined the importance of reversible cysteine sulfenic acid formation in naive CD8ⴙ T cell activation and proliferation. We observed that, within minutes ...
Fission yeast Tor2 promotes cell growth and represses cell
... progression in response to nutrient availability, since cells treated with rapamycin or depleted for both Tor kinases arrest in G1, mimicking nutrient deprivation (Barbet et al., 1996; Beck and Hall, 1999; Di Como and Arndt, 1996; Zaragoza et al., 1998). By contrast, fission yeast tor1+ plays a posi ...
... progression in response to nutrient availability, since cells treated with rapamycin or depleted for both Tor kinases arrest in G1, mimicking nutrient deprivation (Barbet et al., 1996; Beck and Hall, 1999; Di Como and Arndt, 1996; Zaragoza et al., 1998). By contrast, fission yeast tor1+ plays a posi ...
The Developmental Capacity of Nuclei taken from Intestinal
... this abnormality is provided by the cytological examination of eggs fixed during metaphase of the first division of the transplanted nucleus. Only 11 eggs with intestine nuclei were found to have been fixed at exactly this time, and in 3 of these the chromosomes were clumped and pycnotic. In some ca ...
... this abnormality is provided by the cytological examination of eggs fixed during metaphase of the first division of the transplanted nucleus. Only 11 eggs with intestine nuclei were found to have been fixed at exactly this time, and in 3 of these the chromosomes were clumped and pycnotic. In some ca ...
bacteriophage - Micro-Rao
... Depending upon the phage, the nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but not both. The nucleic acids of phages often contain unusual or modified bases, which protect phage nucleic acid from nucleases that break down host nucleic acids during phage infection. Simple phages may have only 3-5 genes whil ...
... Depending upon the phage, the nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but not both. The nucleic acids of phages often contain unusual or modified bases, which protect phage nucleic acid from nucleases that break down host nucleic acids during phage infection. Simple phages may have only 3-5 genes whil ...
Establishment of Polarity during Organization of the Acentrosomal
... polarity. The best characterized mechanism driving MT organization requires a MT organizing center, such as a centrosome, which initiates MT polymerization and anchors these MTs with their (⫹)-ends radiating outward (Ou and Rattner, 2004; Varmark, 2004). However, this mechanism does not seem to oper ...
... polarity. The best characterized mechanism driving MT organization requires a MT organizing center, such as a centrosome, which initiates MT polymerization and anchors these MTs with their (⫹)-ends radiating outward (Ou and Rattner, 2004; Varmark, 2004). However, this mechanism does not seem to oper ...
The Role of the Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)
... the LIF/STAT3-pathway in vivo. However, studies on knockout mouse models indicate that at least the early embryonic development can occur also in the absence of some components of the LIF-pathway but many of these mouse models then display later on during development or during adulthood many differe ...
... the LIF/STAT3-pathway in vivo. However, studies on knockout mouse models indicate that at least the early embryonic development can occur also in the absence of some components of the LIF-pathway but many of these mouse models then display later on during development or during adulthood many differe ...
Induction of somatic embryogenesis as an example of stress
... reproduction are recognised, in both the offspring are typically genetically identical to their parent. First, vegetative reproduction is the asexual reproduction of an individual (genet), which developed originally from a zygote into physiologically independent units (ramets). Second, agamospermy o ...
... reproduction are recognised, in both the offspring are typically genetically identical to their parent. First, vegetative reproduction is the asexual reproduction of an individual (genet), which developed originally from a zygote into physiologically independent units (ramets). Second, agamospermy o ...
University of Birmingham Leptomycin B induces apoptosis in cells
... has led to their classification as either high risk (e.g. HPV 16 or 18) or low risk (e.g. HPV 6 or 11) types (2). We have previously shown that the nuclear export inhibitor LMB can induce apoptosis in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) expressing HPV 16 E7 and E6/E7 (3), but it is not known whether ...
... has led to their classification as either high risk (e.g. HPV 16 or 18) or low risk (e.g. HPV 6 or 11) types (2). We have previously shown that the nuclear export inhibitor LMB can induce apoptosis in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) expressing HPV 16 E7 and E6/E7 (3), but it is not known whether ...
Methods for measuring rates of protein binding to insoluble scaffolds
... carried out in solution, and these are the rates used in most systems biology models of cell regulation. But many cellular proteins normally function when bound to insoluble molecular scaffolds, such as signaling complexes, cytoskeletal filaments, chromatin, and the nuclear matrix that appear beneat ...
... carried out in solution, and these are the rates used in most systems biology models of cell regulation. But many cellular proteins normally function when bound to insoluble molecular scaffolds, such as signaling complexes, cytoskeletal filaments, chromatin, and the nuclear matrix that appear beneat ...
Stem cells as a source of insulin
... In development and maintenance of adult organs, cells may travel long pathways before acquiring their final phenotype. It had been thought that differentiated cells maintained a single distinct phenotype for life. On the contrary, researchers have now demonstrated that cells may dedifferentiate to e ...
... In development and maintenance of adult organs, cells may travel long pathways before acquiring their final phenotype. It had been thought that differentiated cells maintained a single distinct phenotype for life. On the contrary, researchers have now demonstrated that cells may dedifferentiate to e ...
Translocation of Magnaporthe oryzae Effectors into
... Knowledge remains limited about how fungal pathogens that colonize living plant cells translocate effector proteins inside host cells to regulate cellular processes and neutralize defense responses. To cause the globally important rice blast disease, specialized invasive hyphae (IH) invade successiv ...
... Knowledge remains limited about how fungal pathogens that colonize living plant cells translocate effector proteins inside host cells to regulate cellular processes and neutralize defense responses. To cause the globally important rice blast disease, specialized invasive hyphae (IH) invade successiv ...
Jamming prokaryotic cell-to-cell communications in a model biofilm†
... capture the rate of change of unoxidized [GFPunox] and oxidized [GFPox] concentrations of GFP-LVA. GFP-LVA protein concentration is a balance between production, at a rate given by the product of the Hill function associated with the C6-HSL input, bg, oxidization which occurs at a rate gg, and degra ...
... capture the rate of change of unoxidized [GFPunox] and oxidized [GFPox] concentrations of GFP-LVA. GFP-LVA protein concentration is a balance between production, at a rate given by the product of the Hill function associated with the C6-HSL input, bg, oxidization which occurs at a rate gg, and degra ...
mRNA Transport in Yeast: Time to Reinvestigate the
... nm diameter compared with -120 nm); however, they do show octagonal symmetry and the diameters of their central structures are similar. In addition to the approximately one dozen known nuclear pore complex proteins (NSP or NUP nucleoporins), many reVol. 6, April 1995 ...
... nm diameter compared with -120 nm); however, they do show octagonal symmetry and the diameters of their central structures are similar. In addition to the approximately one dozen known nuclear pore complex proteins (NSP or NUP nucleoporins), many reVol. 6, April 1995 ...
PDF
... (Fig. ID). These endoderm cells were regarded as primitive endoderm cells because their morphological appearance was immature (rather small and round shaped). Absence of parietal endoderm cells along the uterine wall, in spite of thorough inspection of serial sections, was consistent with the view t ...
... (Fig. ID). These endoderm cells were regarded as primitive endoderm cells because their morphological appearance was immature (rather small and round shaped). Absence of parietal endoderm cells along the uterine wall, in spite of thorough inspection of serial sections, was consistent with the view t ...
Chromosomal localization links the SIN3/RPD3 complex to the
... To understand how the Drosophila SIN3±RPD3 complex regulates transcription in vivo, we have asked whether there is a correlation between chromatin binding of the SIN3±RPD3 complex and chromatin condensation, histone acetylation status or transcriptional activity. An ideal system to address such rela ...
... To understand how the Drosophila SIN3±RPD3 complex regulates transcription in vivo, we have asked whether there is a correlation between chromatin binding of the SIN3±RPD3 complex and chromatin condensation, histone acetylation status or transcriptional activity. An ideal system to address such rela ...
Cnidarians: An evolutionarily conserved model system for
... They can regenerate any amputated head or foot, and when dissociated into single cells, even intact animals will regenerate from reaggregates. This extensive regeneration capacity is mediated by epithelial stem cells, and it is based on the restoration of a signaling center, i.e., an organizer. Orga ...
... They can regenerate any amputated head or foot, and when dissociated into single cells, even intact animals will regenerate from reaggregates. This extensive regeneration capacity is mediated by epithelial stem cells, and it is based on the restoration of a signaling center, i.e., an organizer. Orga ...
2010 - Department of Biology
... to the cystoblasts (Cb), which represent the immediate progeny of the GSC. Both GSC and Cb express high levels of the germline-specific protein Vasa (green colour). Note that the dividing Cb are connected with ring canals as revealed by actin staining in red colour (arrowhead); scale bar, 20 mm. ( j ...
... to the cystoblasts (Cb), which represent the immediate progeny of the GSC. Both GSC and Cb express high levels of the germline-specific protein Vasa (green colour). Note that the dividing Cb are connected with ring canals as revealed by actin staining in red colour (arrowhead); scale bar, 20 mm. ( j ...
of Limb Morphogenesis in a Model System
... A method for analysis of chicken limb morphogenesis was devised. This method consisted of grafting a limb ectodermal jacket containing dissociated and pelleted mesenchymal cellular components to the host somites. Different cellular components stuffed into the ectoderm could be mixed in varied ratios ...
... A method for analysis of chicken limb morphogenesis was devised. This method consisted of grafting a limb ectodermal jacket containing dissociated and pelleted mesenchymal cellular components to the host somites. Different cellular components stuffed into the ectoderm could be mixed in varied ratios ...
Regenerated Hair Cells Can Originate from Supporting Cell Progeny
... cell divisions that give rise to hair cells and those that give rise to supporting cells are characteristic of cytogenesis in the embryonic avian cochlea, which has led to the proposal that the cells may share a single bipotent progenitor in the terminal mitosis before differentiation (Katayama and ...
... cell divisions that give rise to hair cells and those that give rise to supporting cells are characteristic of cytogenesis in the embryonic avian cochlea, which has led to the proposal that the cells may share a single bipotent progenitor in the terminal mitosis before differentiation (Katayama and ...
Transient Exposure to Ethylene Stimulates Cell Division and Alters
... Most of ethylene’s known effects on plant development have been observed during continuous ethylene treatments. We wanted to examine the consequence of transient exposure to ethylene, and therefore documented the structural changes that took place following exposure to exogenous ethylene. We chose t ...
... Most of ethylene’s known effects on plant development have been observed during continuous ethylene treatments. We wanted to examine the consequence of transient exposure to ethylene, and therefore documented the structural changes that took place following exposure to exogenous ethylene. We chose t ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.