Transient Exposure to Ethylene Stimulates Cell Division and Alters
... Most of ethylene’s known effects on plant development have been observed during continuous ethylene treatments. We wanted to examine the consequence of transient exposure to ethylene, and therefore documented the structural changes that took place following exposure to exogenous ethylene. We chose t ...
... Most of ethylene’s known effects on plant development have been observed during continuous ethylene treatments. We wanted to examine the consequence of transient exposure to ethylene, and therefore documented the structural changes that took place following exposure to exogenous ethylene. We chose t ...
Detection of Viable but Nonculturable Cells of Listeria
... foods are based on the use of synthetic media, they are laborious and time consuming. Traditional methods are also not fully sufficient in viability assessment because they refer only to bacterial multiplication, which can be hampered because of environmental stresses (Papadimitriou et al. 2006). An ...
... foods are based on the use of synthetic media, they are laborious and time consuming. Traditional methods are also not fully sufficient in viability assessment because they refer only to bacterial multiplication, which can be hampered because of environmental stresses (Papadimitriou et al. 2006). An ...
Altered Behaviour of Erythrocytes in Scleroderma
... Earlier, in a limited number of patients, we reported a decreased filterability of erythrocytes in PSS and the coincidence of the clinical improvement with the increased filterability of cells in response to prostaglandin infusions [17]. This paper is an extension of our preliminary findings and in ...
... Earlier, in a limited number of patients, we reported a decreased filterability of erythrocytes in PSS and the coincidence of the clinical improvement with the increased filterability of cells in response to prostaglandin infusions [17]. This paper is an extension of our preliminary findings and in ...
Mechanisms of cellular communication through intercellular protein
... of immune system It was demonstrated that T cells can acquire not only MHC class I and class II proteins [38, 39], but also co-stimulatory proteins [40–42] and membrane proteins from APC [43, 44], endothelial cells [45]. Until very recent, protein transfer by trogocytosis is believed to be unidirect ...
... of immune system It was demonstrated that T cells can acquire not only MHC class I and class II proteins [38, 39], but also co-stimulatory proteins [40–42] and membrane proteins from APC [43, 44], endothelial cells [45]. Until very recent, protein transfer by trogocytosis is believed to be unidirect ...
The MHC I immunopeptidome conveys to the cell surface an
... Figure 1 Rapamycin differentially inhibits S6K1 versus 4E-BP1 in EL4 cells. Cells were treated with 20 ng/ml of rapamycin for the indicated time periods. (A) Levels of the indicated proteins were determined by western blotting. b-Actin served as a loading control. Data are representative of three in ...
... Figure 1 Rapamycin differentially inhibits S6K1 versus 4E-BP1 in EL4 cells. Cells were treated with 20 ng/ml of rapamycin for the indicated time periods. (A) Levels of the indicated proteins were determined by western blotting. b-Actin served as a loading control. Data are representative of three in ...
tubulin isotypes - Journal of Cell Science
... benD, that appeared to cosegregate with some of the previously mentioned ¡3-tubulin restriction fragments in meiotic analysis. Mutations in ben A cosegregate with the bet A locus and mutations in benD cosegregate with the betB locus. Thus, the general conclusion of this study is the suggestion that ...
... benD, that appeared to cosegregate with some of the previously mentioned ¡3-tubulin restriction fragments in meiotic analysis. Mutations in ben A cosegregate with the bet A locus and mutations in benD cosegregate with the betB locus. Thus, the general conclusion of this study is the suggestion that ...
Targeting lactate metabolism for cancer therapeutics
... of lactate in maintaining the malignant state and its propensity to provoke inflammation that promotes tumor progression. The authors found that a germline mutation of Ldha, which severely diminishes LDHA activity, does not affect lymphomagenesis in this model of human Burkitt lymphoma (47). Thus, h ...
... of lactate in maintaining the malignant state and its propensity to provoke inflammation that promotes tumor progression. The authors found that a germline mutation of Ldha, which severely diminishes LDHA activity, does not affect lymphomagenesis in this model of human Burkitt lymphoma (47). Thus, h ...
ch9 FA 11 - Cal State LA
... – GDP-bound tubulin cannot add – GDP-bound tubulin can release only from “plus” end – GDP-bound tubulin cannot release from “minus” end or from central ...
... – GDP-bound tubulin cannot add – GDP-bound tubulin can release only from “plus” end – GDP-bound tubulin cannot release from “minus” end or from central ...
Critical regulation of CD4 T cell survival and autoimmunity by b
... of Arrb1 and Bcl2 in CD4+ T cells after activation. We found that in the first 2 d after CD4+ T cell activation, b-arrestin 1 and Bcl-2 protein gradually decreased but then mostly recovered by day 3 and remained high thereafter (Fig. 2a). To analyze the changes of Arrb1 and Bcl2 expression in more d ...
... of Arrb1 and Bcl2 in CD4+ T cells after activation. We found that in the first 2 d after CD4+ T cell activation, b-arrestin 1 and Bcl-2 protein gradually decreased but then mostly recovered by day 3 and remained high thereafter (Fig. 2a). To analyze the changes of Arrb1 and Bcl2 expression in more d ...
Factors PU.1, Spi-B, and Spi-C Transformation
... revealed that splenic transitional B cells are the precursors for both FO and MZ B cells (5, 6). Transitional B cells that enter the spleen from the blood express B220 and CD93 (AA4.1), and can be subdivided into transitional-1 (T1)–transitional-3 (T3) stages by differential expression of the cell s ...
... revealed that splenic transitional B cells are the precursors for both FO and MZ B cells (5, 6). Transitional B cells that enter the spleen from the blood express B220 and CD93 (AA4.1), and can be subdivided into transitional-1 (T1)–transitional-3 (T3) stages by differential expression of the cell s ...
Functions of AP1 (Fos/Jun) in bone development
... In osteoblasts, AP1 activity can be induced by transforming growth factor β, parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, which are potent regulators of osteoblast differentiation and proliferation.4 The various members of the AP1 complex are differentially expressed during osteoblast maturatio ...
... In osteoblasts, AP1 activity can be induced by transforming growth factor β, parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, which are potent regulators of osteoblast differentiation and proliferation.4 The various members of the AP1 complex are differentially expressed during osteoblast maturatio ...
Increased Expression of Cytoskeletal, Linkage, and Extracellular
... protein level but also at the mRNA level. The same is true for vinculin, fibronectin, and vimentin. In the confocal microscope, a distinct disorganization and accumulation of the microtubules and desmin filaments were evident, which supports the quantitative protein data. A good correlation was foun ...
... protein level but also at the mRNA level. The same is true for vinculin, fibronectin, and vimentin. In the confocal microscope, a distinct disorganization and accumulation of the microtubules and desmin filaments were evident, which supports the quantitative protein data. A good correlation was foun ...
Listeria In Vivo Dynamic Imaging of the Effector Immune Response to Infection
... isolated from spleen and DC subsets found in peripheral organs such as skin [25,48]. Most of these subcapsular YFP+ cells also displayed dendritic morphology and time-lapse images of these cells show they are largely non-motile but are actively extending and retracting their dendrites (Figure 1A, Vi ...
... isolated from spleen and DC subsets found in peripheral organs such as skin [25,48]. Most of these subcapsular YFP+ cells also displayed dendritic morphology and time-lapse images of these cells show they are largely non-motile but are actively extending and retracting their dendrites (Figure 1A, Vi ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... coculture system to investigate whether human EPCs have the capacity to integrate into living and ischaemic cardiac tissue, and participate to neovascularization. EPCs were cocultured with either living or ischaemic murine embryonic ventricular slices, in the presence or absence of a pro-angiogenic ...
... coculture system to investigate whether human EPCs have the capacity to integrate into living and ischaemic cardiac tissue, and participate to neovascularization. EPCs were cocultured with either living or ischaemic murine embryonic ventricular slices, in the presence or absence of a pro-angiogenic ...
Presence of exposed phospholipids in the outer membrane of Vibrio
... Atypical permeability features of the outer membrane V . cholerae cells were found to be highly sensitive to a wide variety of compounds (Table 1). Since the MIC values may vary with the experimental conditions, the sensitivity of E. coli strain C-600 (chemotype Ra) was determined under identical co ...
... Atypical permeability features of the outer membrane V . cholerae cells were found to be highly sensitive to a wide variety of compounds (Table 1). Since the MIC values may vary with the experimental conditions, the sensitivity of E. coli strain C-600 (chemotype Ra) was determined under identical co ...
Plant and animal cells
... Structure of cellulose • Like starch, cellulose is composed of a long chain of at least 500 glucose molecules. Cellulose is thus a polysaccharide. Several of these polysaccharide chains are arranged in parallel arrays to form cellulose microfibrils. • The individual polysaccharide chains are bound ...
... Structure of cellulose • Like starch, cellulose is composed of a long chain of at least 500 glucose molecules. Cellulose is thus a polysaccharide. Several of these polysaccharide chains are arranged in parallel arrays to form cellulose microfibrils. • The individual polysaccharide chains are bound ...
Modeling the Gastric Mill Central Pattern Generator of the Lobster
... model of reciprocal inhibition. Each cell had a leak current and a simplified T-type Ca2+ current that activated immediately but inactivated slowly. They found that there were two distinct modes of operation: “release” of inhibition by the inhibiting cell or “escape” from inhibition by the inhibited ...
... model of reciprocal inhibition. Each cell had a leak current and a simplified T-type Ca2+ current that activated immediately but inactivated slowly. They found that there were two distinct modes of operation: “release” of inhibition by the inhibiting cell or “escape” from inhibition by the inhibited ...
Compartments Target the Antigen to Distinct Intracellular B Cell
... ecules are present throughout the endocytic pathway (9). The addressing of neosynthesized class II molecules is monitored by their association with the invariant chain (Ii), which chaperons the newly formed complex to the endocytic pathway (10 –12). Once in the endocytic compartments, the invariant ...
... ecules are present throughout the endocytic pathway (9). The addressing of neosynthesized class II molecules is monitored by their association with the invariant chain (Ii), which chaperons the newly formed complex to the endocytic pathway (10 –12). Once in the endocytic compartments, the invariant ...
Subtype-specific regulation of equilibrative nucleoside transporters
... of TET) using the GenEluteTM Total RNA mini-prep kit (Sigma) and then treated with DNase. A first-strand DNA template was generated using the SuperscriptTM First Strand Synthesis System for RT-PCR (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, U.S.A.). The removal of genomic DNA from the preparations was confirmed by c ...
... of TET) using the GenEluteTM Total RNA mini-prep kit (Sigma) and then treated with DNase. A first-strand DNA template was generated using the SuperscriptTM First Strand Synthesis System for RT-PCR (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, U.S.A.). The removal of genomic DNA from the preparations was confirmed by c ...
salinity change and cell volume: the response of tissues from the
... [K+]e is the extracellular K+ concentration. No correction was necessary for taurine or betaine since these would be flushed from the vasculature during perfusion with ASW. Statistical procedures used to analyze the data are described by Sokal and Rohlf (1981). Differences were tested for statistica ...
... [K+]e is the extracellular K+ concentration. No correction was necessary for taurine or betaine since these would be flushed from the vasculature during perfusion with ASW. Statistical procedures used to analyze the data are described by Sokal and Rohlf (1981). Differences were tested for statistica ...
The song of lipids and proteins: dynamic lipid
... play a role in membrane protein polarity establishment and maintenance (Kleine-Vehn et al., 2011). Limiting diffusion of membrane proteins by their attachment to the cell wall is an important mechanism of plant membrane protein polarization (Martinière et al., 2012). The discovery of the rapid chang ...
... play a role in membrane protein polarity establishment and maintenance (Kleine-Vehn et al., 2011). Limiting diffusion of membrane proteins by their attachment to the cell wall is an important mechanism of plant membrane protein polarization (Martinière et al., 2012). The discovery of the rapid chang ...
11-17_MICROBE_SAMPLE2
... (C.) smaller and darker (B.) larger and brighter (D.) larger and darker 7. Using the hands of the clock to describe places on the field of view, if a object appears to be moving toward 1 o’clock, what direction is it actually moving? 8. Examine the diagram of the stage with millimeter ruler from a 1 ...
... (C.) smaller and darker (B.) larger and brighter (D.) larger and darker 7. Using the hands of the clock to describe places on the field of view, if a object appears to be moving toward 1 o’clock, what direction is it actually moving? 8. Examine the diagram of the stage with millimeter ruler from a 1 ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.