Potassium regulation
... cell causing hyperkalemia • For each 10 mOsm increase in osmalrity, this will make 0.4-0.8 mEqv increase in potassium extracellular concentration • Remember that the normal osmolarity in the plasma is 284mOsm • -Epinephrine pushes potassium inside the cells, so giving beta blocker as propranolol wil ...
... cell causing hyperkalemia • For each 10 mOsm increase in osmalrity, this will make 0.4-0.8 mEqv increase in potassium extracellular concentration • Remember that the normal osmolarity in the plasma is 284mOsm • -Epinephrine pushes potassium inside the cells, so giving beta blocker as propranolol wil ...
a bacterial symbiont infecting the nucleus of amoebae
... Rickettsiales and Rhodospirillales. Screening of 16S rRNA amplicon data sets revealed a broad distribution of these bacteria in freshwater and soil habitats. ‘Candidatus Nucleicultrix amoebiphila’ traffics within 6 h post infection to the host nucleus. Maximum infection levels are reached after 96–1 ...
... Rickettsiales and Rhodospirillales. Screening of 16S rRNA amplicon data sets revealed a broad distribution of these bacteria in freshwater and soil habitats. ‘Candidatus Nucleicultrix amoebiphila’ traffics within 6 h post infection to the host nucleus. Maximum infection levels are reached after 96–1 ...
Breaking dogmas: the plant vascular pathogen Xanthomonas
... cells, subepidermal fibres and pericyclic fibres [32]. In order to elucidate the accurate location of the leaf scald pathogen in planta, we used herein three different techniques to visualize the bacteria in infected sugarcane tissues: (i) confocal microscopy with fresh material, (ii) confocal micro ...
... cells, subepidermal fibres and pericyclic fibres [32]. In order to elucidate the accurate location of the leaf scald pathogen in planta, we used herein three different techniques to visualize the bacteria in infected sugarcane tissues: (i) confocal microscopy with fresh material, (ii) confocal micro ...
to Light and Abscisic Acid
... from samples that had been kept for hours under either stomatal opening or closing conditions, epidermal pieces taken in the process of ABA treatment showed large variations in stomatal size and actin filament patterns. Thus, we measured stomatal size and categorized cortical actin patterns into thr ...
... from samples that had been kept for hours under either stomatal opening or closing conditions, epidermal pieces taken in the process of ABA treatment showed large variations in stomatal size and actin filament patterns. Thus, we measured stomatal size and categorized cortical actin patterns into thr ...
Fibronectin and radial intercalation
... secondary consequences of defects arising at gastrulation and we are presently investigating the morphogenetic movements of the mesendoderm in these embryos (L. A. Davidson, B. G. Hoffstrum, M. M. and D. W. D., unpublished). The cellular rearrangements of mAb-injected embryos were examined by confoc ...
... secondary consequences of defects arising at gastrulation and we are presently investigating the morphogenetic movements of the mesendoderm in these embryos (L. A. Davidson, B. G. Hoffstrum, M. M. and D. W. D., unpublished). The cellular rearrangements of mAb-injected embryos were examined by confoc ...
344_final version - OPUS at UTS
... relative humidity), the natural durability of PEMFC is mainly affected by two internal factors: the material properties, and the design and structure of the components and the stack. That is, whether or not a PEMFC is used, the natural degradation is unavoidable because of the change of membrane re ...
... relative humidity), the natural durability of PEMFC is mainly affected by two internal factors: the material properties, and the design and structure of the components and the stack. That is, whether or not a PEMFC is used, the natural degradation is unavoidable because of the change of membrane re ...
Biology - trinity
... will be studied: cell structure, chemical and physical cell processes, principles of heredity, genetics, living organisms observed from an evolutionary viewpoint, and the relationship of organisms to each other and to their environment. Computer technology is used to enhance ...
... will be studied: cell structure, chemical and physical cell processes, principles of heredity, genetics, living organisms observed from an evolutionary viewpoint, and the relationship of organisms to each other and to their environment. Computer technology is used to enhance ...
Mudskipper gill MR cell ion-transport proteins
... animals to eliminate ammonia actively is probably associated with the branchial MR cells. In the present study, we investigate the possibility that the branchial epithelium is the site of active NH4+ elimination. Iontransport proteins involved in the active elimination of NH4+ are localized using an ...
... animals to eliminate ammonia actively is probably associated with the branchial MR cells. In the present study, we investigate the possibility that the branchial epithelium is the site of active NH4+ elimination. Iontransport proteins involved in the active elimination of NH4+ are localized using an ...
Selective Expression of a Novel Surface Molecule by Human Th2
... D41 effector Th cells can be divided into at least three distinct subsets termed Th1, Th2, and Th0 in both mice and humans, based on the profile of their cytokine production (1– 4). In humans, Th1 cells typically secrete IFN-g and predominantly promote cell-mediated immune responses such as delayed- ...
... D41 effector Th cells can be divided into at least three distinct subsets termed Th1, Th2, and Th0 in both mice and humans, based on the profile of their cytokine production (1– 4). In humans, Th1 cells typically secrete IFN-g and predominantly promote cell-mediated immune responses such as delayed- ...
Actin Filaments of Guard Cells Are Reorganized
... Microtubules in Guard Cells from samples that had been kept for hours under either stomatal opening or closing conditions, epidermal pieces Actin filaments and microtubules in plant cells are often taken in the process of ABA treatment showed large variintimately associated in the cell cortex, and t ...
... Microtubules in Guard Cells from samples that had been kept for hours under either stomatal opening or closing conditions, epidermal pieces Actin filaments and microtubules in plant cells are often taken in the process of ABA treatment showed large variintimately associated in the cell cortex, and t ...
SNAREs: Cogs and Coordinators in Signaling
... Atsyp111 (knolle) mutant when expressed under its promoter (Muller et al., 2003). AtSYP111 is essential for the formation of the cell plate during division (Jurgens, 2004). It has been suggested to localize in part to the plasma membrane (Dhonukshe et al., 2006), but the physiological significance o ...
... Atsyp111 (knolle) mutant when expressed under its promoter (Muller et al., 2003). AtSYP111 is essential for the formation of the cell plate during division (Jurgens, 2004). It has been suggested to localize in part to the plasma membrane (Dhonukshe et al., 2006), but the physiological significance o ...
Cdc2-mediated Schwann cell migration during peripheral nerve
... expressing wt- or dn-Cdc2 cDNA together with green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter, Schwann cells were implanted into the injury site of the sciatic nerve. Infected Schwann cells were identified in the sciatic nerve sections by visualizing GFP. GFP-expressing Schwann cells were found at differen ...
... expressing wt- or dn-Cdc2 cDNA together with green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter, Schwann cells were implanted into the injury site of the sciatic nerve. Infected Schwann cells were identified in the sciatic nerve sections by visualizing GFP. GFP-expressing Schwann cells were found at differen ...
Bacteria and Archaea
... which maintains cell shape, protects the cell, and prevents it from bursting in a hypotonic environment (see Chapter 7). In a hypertonic environment, most prokaryotes lose water and shrink away from their wall (plasmolyze), like other walled cells. Such water losses can inhibit cell reproduction. Th ...
... which maintains cell shape, protects the cell, and prevents it from bursting in a hypotonic environment (see Chapter 7). In a hypertonic environment, most prokaryotes lose water and shrink away from their wall (plasmolyze), like other walled cells. Such water losses can inhibit cell reproduction. Th ...
Germline stem cell niches
... In the structure called the germarium at the tip of the ovariole, an egg production unit of the Drosophila ovary, 2–3 GSCs, which contain an organelle known as the spectrosome, are surrounded by two types of somatic cells, cap cells and escort stem cells (ESCs; Kirilly and Xie, 2007; Lin, 2002; Xie ...
... In the structure called the germarium at the tip of the ovariole, an egg production unit of the Drosophila ovary, 2–3 GSCs, which contain an organelle known as the spectrosome, are surrounded by two types of somatic cells, cap cells and escort stem cells (ESCs; Kirilly and Xie, 2007; Lin, 2002; Xie ...
Embryonic stem cells form an organized, functional - AJP
... pacemaking-contracting units in EBs. Both the minK-lacZ transgene and the cGATA6 enhancer mark regions of the cardiac pacemaking and conducting system in vivo. We first examined the expression of the minK-lacZ transgene in EBs to determine whether cells expressing this marker were present in a local ...
... pacemaking-contracting units in EBs. Both the minK-lacZ transgene and the cGATA6 enhancer mark regions of the cardiac pacemaking and conducting system in vivo. We first examined the expression of the minK-lacZ transgene in EBs to determine whether cells expressing this marker were present in a local ...
Associative learning increases adult neurogenesis during a critical
... into replicating DNA in the S phase of the cell cycle and thereby marks cells that are actively proliferating. BrdU is available in the brain for a period of approximately 2 h after a systemic injection (Cameron & McKay, 2001). Groups of rats were injected with BrdU and then trained with the associa ...
... into replicating DNA in the S phase of the cell cycle and thereby marks cells that are actively proliferating. BrdU is available in the brain for a period of approximately 2 h after a systemic injection (Cameron & McKay, 2001). Groups of rats were injected with BrdU and then trained with the associa ...
CASE 3
... concentrations in the expression are slight, and Vm is close to EK (∼ −90 mV). In many neuronal cell bodies or dendrites, PNa is somewhat greater than this when the cell is at rest and Vm is more depolarized (eg, ∼ −65 mV). Permeabilities (P) often are referred to by their electrical equivalents, co ...
... concentrations in the expression are slight, and Vm is close to EK (∼ −90 mV). In many neuronal cell bodies or dendrites, PNa is somewhat greater than this when the cell is at rest and Vm is more depolarized (eg, ∼ −65 mV). Permeabilities (P) often are referred to by their electrical equivalents, co ...
Stem Cells – general characteristic and sources
... embryo and the placenta. The “artificial” counterpart of the totipotent zygote is referred to as a clonote. The clonote can be created in the laboratory with an experimental approach known as somatic cell nuclear transfer, involving removal of the nucleus from a somatic cell and its transfer into an ...
... embryo and the placenta. The “artificial” counterpart of the totipotent zygote is referred to as a clonote. The clonote can be created in the laboratory with an experimental approach known as somatic cell nuclear transfer, involving removal of the nucleus from a somatic cell and its transfer into an ...
PLANT CELL WALL PROTEINS
... chimeras might play a major role in cell adhesion during plant development. For instance, one well-characterized cell-cell recognition process involving HRGPs is the mating system of Chlamydomonas. The sexual agglutinins of Chlamydomonas mediate the initial recognition of opposite mating types. Alth ...
... chimeras might play a major role in cell adhesion during plant development. For instance, one well-characterized cell-cell recognition process involving HRGPs is the mating system of Chlamydomonas. The sexual agglutinins of Chlamydomonas mediate the initial recognition of opposite mating types. Alth ...
Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of Septin
... regulation of septin dynamics, possibly through the control of their phosphorylation state, is required for the completion of cytokinesis. Introduction In order to give rise to two viable progenies, cytokinesis must be both spatially and temporally coordinated with the partition of sister chromatids ...
... regulation of septin dynamics, possibly through the control of their phosphorylation state, is required for the completion of cytokinesis. Introduction In order to give rise to two viable progenies, cytokinesis must be both spatially and temporally coordinated with the partition of sister chromatids ...
The retinoblastoma homolog RBR1 mediates localization of the
... cycle, terminal differentiation and exit from the cell cycle, or programmed cell death (Nowsheen & Yang, 2012). Plant cells were found to be able to follow a fourth route by increasing the ploidy of the cell through endoreplication, that is, terminal differentiation that is coupled to cell-cycle act ...
... cycle, terminal differentiation and exit from the cell cycle, or programmed cell death (Nowsheen & Yang, 2012). Plant cells were found to be able to follow a fourth route by increasing the ploidy of the cell through endoreplication, that is, terminal differentiation that is coupled to cell-cycle act ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.