The relative roles of specific N- and C
... formation of stable dimers and tetramers, deletion experiments illustrate the importance of end domains in the construction of higher order IF structures (Fuchs and Weber, 1994). In normal cells, the involvement of end domains in the process of IF structural dynamics is most likely mediated by prote ...
... formation of stable dimers and tetramers, deletion experiments illustrate the importance of end domains in the construction of higher order IF structures (Fuchs and Weber, 1994). In normal cells, the involvement of end domains in the process of IF structural dynamics is most likely mediated by prote ...
Meiosis: Its Origin According to the Viral
... either ancestor alone. A classic example is that of lichens, which are composed of a photobiont (cyanobacteria or alga) and a fungal host that have co-evolved to such an extent they are classified as ''lichen'' species, despite the fact that each lichen consists of at least two separate organisms th ...
... either ancestor alone. A classic example is that of lichens, which are composed of a photobiont (cyanobacteria or alga) and a fungal host that have co-evolved to such an extent they are classified as ''lichen'' species, despite the fact that each lichen consists of at least two separate organisms th ...
Mineralogy - Carleton College
... vector c, which is not in the same plane as a and b, I can generate a space lattice ...
... vector c, which is not in the same plane as a and b, I can generate a space lattice ...
In vitro study of chorionic and ectoplacental
... the mesoderm adjacent to the chorionic plate (Fig. 5). The cells of mesodermal origin migrated to the anterior part of the chorionic layer but the foetal capillaries never developed in the trophoblastic tissues. After 48 h culture, many foetal red blood cells were found within the chorionic cells, h ...
... the mesoderm adjacent to the chorionic plate (Fig. 5). The cells of mesodermal origin migrated to the anterior part of the chorionic layer but the foetal capillaries never developed in the trophoblastic tissues. After 48 h culture, many foetal red blood cells were found within the chorionic cells, h ...
Coombes JL, Han SJ, van Rooijen N, Raulet DH, Robey EA. 2012. Infection-induced regulation of natural killer cells by macrophages and collagen at the lymph node subcapsular sinus. Cell rep 2(1):124-135.
... orchestrate interactions between immune cells and pathogens during infection, thus dictating the nature of immune responses and the outcome of infection. Recent advances in fluorescent labeling of living immune cells and pathogens, and imaging methods to detect these labels within tissues, now make ...
... orchestrate interactions between immune cells and pathogens during infection, thus dictating the nature of immune responses and the outcome of infection. Recent advances in fluorescent labeling of living immune cells and pathogens, and imaging methods to detect these labels within tissues, now make ...
Thuy`s Rho family GTPases review
... lamellipodia of most migrating cells. These complexes mediate the attachment of the lamellipodium to the ECM. • Continuous formation of new interactions between integrins and ECM at the leading edge can provide a positive feedback loop. • Rac can also regulate the turn-over of focal complexes. • Foc ...
... lamellipodia of most migrating cells. These complexes mediate the attachment of the lamellipodium to the ECM. • Continuous formation of new interactions between integrins and ECM at the leading edge can provide a positive feedback loop. • Rac can also regulate the turn-over of focal complexes. • Foc ...
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... activation is triggered in three-dimensional aggregates of mESCs, the population self-organizes macroscopically and undergoes growth and axial elongation that mimics some of the features of the embryonic spinal cord and paraxial mesoderm. We use both adherent and three-dimensional cultures of mESCs ...
... activation is triggered in three-dimensional aggregates of mESCs, the population self-organizes macroscopically and undergoes growth and axial elongation that mimics some of the features of the embryonic spinal cord and paraxial mesoderm. We use both adherent and three-dimensional cultures of mESCs ...
Embryonic stem cells assume a primitive neural stem cell fate in the
... instructive or inhibitory signals and what cellular configuration/ fate will result. The standard methodology for the in vitro differentiation of ES cells typically involves the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs; Desbaillets et al., 2000), which are formed by aggregation of ES cells in the presence ...
... instructive or inhibitory signals and what cellular configuration/ fate will result. The standard methodology for the in vitro differentiation of ES cells typically involves the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs; Desbaillets et al., 2000), which are formed by aggregation of ES cells in the presence ...
Transport of intravenously-injected ferritin across the guinea
... synovium (Kinsella, Baum, and Ziff, 1970) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. They have also been discovered in the blood in cases of the same disease (Kunkel, Miiller-Eberhard, Fudenberg, and Tomasi, 1961) and their presence has lead to speculation on their role in the aetiology of rheumatoid di ...
... synovium (Kinsella, Baum, and Ziff, 1970) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. They have also been discovered in the blood in cases of the same disease (Kunkel, Miiller-Eberhard, Fudenberg, and Tomasi, 1961) and their presence has lead to speculation on their role in the aetiology of rheumatoid di ...
public exam_photosynthesis
... (b) A fluorescent lamp was placed 12 cm away from the set-up. The position of the water level was recorded at 10-minute intervals for 30 minutes. The same procedure was repeated with the lamp placed 18 cm and 24 cm away. The results of the experiment are shown in the ...
... (b) A fluorescent lamp was placed 12 cm away from the set-up. The position of the water level was recorded at 10-minute intervals for 30 minutes. The same procedure was repeated with the lamp placed 18 cm and 24 cm away. The results of the experiment are shown in the ...
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... system is to exert a force, these filaments must be anchored in some way to the cell membrane. In this study, the presence of the actin-binding protein, spectrin (fodrin), is demonstrated in the neurectoderm of neurulating mouse embryos using antispectrin antibodies and indirect immunofluorescent te ...
... system is to exert a force, these filaments must be anchored in some way to the cell membrane. In this study, the presence of the actin-binding protein, spectrin (fodrin), is demonstrated in the neurectoderm of neurulating mouse embryos using antispectrin antibodies and indirect immunofluorescent te ...
Secretion of a murine retroviral Env associated with resistance to
... EndoH serves as a marker for transport to the Golgi complex where high-mannose sugars are converted to complex oligosaccharides. In the Fv4 system, the gp85 Env precursor was sensitive to PNGase and EndoH since it was entirely converted by these enzymes to a species of approximately 60 kDa. This is ...
... EndoH serves as a marker for transport to the Golgi complex where high-mannose sugars are converted to complex oligosaccharides. In the Fv4 system, the gp85 Env precursor was sensitive to PNGase and EndoH since it was entirely converted by these enzymes to a species of approximately 60 kDa. This is ...
Dynamics of small genetic circuits subject to stochastic partitioning
... Potapov et al., 2011). A well-studied Toggle Switch is the “λswitch”, a decision circuit of the λ phage (Arkin et al., 1998), which determines whether an infecting phage will lyse the cell or, instead, integrate itself into the bacterial genome, forming a lysogen. The lytic cycle can be activated in ...
... Potapov et al., 2011). A well-studied Toggle Switch is the “λswitch”, a decision circuit of the λ phage (Arkin et al., 1998), which determines whether an infecting phage will lyse the cell or, instead, integrate itself into the bacterial genome, forming a lysogen. The lytic cycle can be activated in ...
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... copper complexes and then assessed for their response to miconazole or amphotericin B there is evidence of alterations in susceptibility. Pre-growth in 1/4 MIC90 Cu(ClO4 )2 ·6H2 O or [Cu(phendio)3](ClO4 )·4H2 O increased the tolerance of C. albicans to miconazole and amphotericin B, whereas pre-grow ...
... copper complexes and then assessed for their response to miconazole or amphotericin B there is evidence of alterations in susceptibility. Pre-growth in 1/4 MIC90 Cu(ClO4 )2 ·6H2 O or [Cu(phendio)3](ClO4 )·4H2 O increased the tolerance of C. albicans to miconazole and amphotericin B, whereas pre-grow ...
BMP Induction of Id Proteins Suppresses Differentiation
... but appears to be a pro-differentiative signal (Burdon et al., 1999a). Thus,reduced erk activity facilitates ES cell derivation (Buehr and Smith, 2003) and promotes self-renewal (Burdon et al., 1999b). Erk activation in response to LIF was not appreciably inhibited by the presence of BMP, however (F ...
... but appears to be a pro-differentiative signal (Burdon et al., 1999a). Thus,reduced erk activity facilitates ES cell derivation (Buehr and Smith, 2003) and promotes self-renewal (Burdon et al., 1999b). Erk activation in response to LIF was not appreciably inhibited by the presence of BMP, however (F ...
Single-cell absolute contact probability detection reveals
... 3D-SIM microscopy (Fig. S3e). Finally, changes in Hi-C contact frequency of S2 vs. late embryo for the 69 TAD borders were notable in the sub-Mb scale (200-600 kb), and they extended to genomic distances as high as ~10 Mb (Fig. 3d), suggesting that changes in chromosome compaction between cell t ...
... 3D-SIM microscopy (Fig. S3e). Finally, changes in Hi-C contact frequency of S2 vs. late embryo for the 69 TAD borders were notable in the sub-Mb scale (200-600 kb), and they extended to genomic distances as high as ~10 Mb (Fig. 3d), suggesting that changes in chromosome compaction between cell t ...
20121014193054_DVL_2
... as well as around the incisors. The capacity of de novo tooth formation was, however, reduced during aging and in 10 months old mice teeth were induced mainly from the epithelium of the continuously growing incisors (XiuPing Wang, personal communication). It is conceivable that there is very little ...
... as well as around the incisors. The capacity of de novo tooth formation was, however, reduced during aging and in 10 months old mice teeth were induced mainly from the epithelium of the continuously growing incisors (XiuPing Wang, personal communication). It is conceivable that there is very little ...
Home Stem Cell Basics
... developing fetus, stem cells in developing tissues give rise to the multiple specialized cell types that make up the heart, lung, skin, and other tissues. In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, and brain, discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are ...
... developing fetus, stem cells in developing tissues give rise to the multiple specialized cell types that make up the heart, lung, skin, and other tissues. In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, and brain, discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are ...
Cell wall synthesis is necessary for membrane dynamics during
... The presence of a strong ramoplanin signal at the point of contact between the two engulfing membrane arms (Fig. 2A, iii) suggested that peptidoglycan synthesis was occurring at an appropriate time and place to play a role in the separation of the outer forespore membrane from the mother cell membra ...
... The presence of a strong ramoplanin signal at the point of contact between the two engulfing membrane arms (Fig. 2A, iii) suggested that peptidoglycan synthesis was occurring at an appropriate time and place to play a role in the separation of the outer forespore membrane from the mother cell membra ...
... number of phenomena of cell-mediated immunity: they can either enhance or suppress immune reactions [1]. It has been postulated that the macrophages act both via soluble monok:ines [2], and by cell-to-cell contact [3]. The down-regulation activity of macrophages was reported to be due to soluble fac ...
Morphology and LPS content for the estimation of marine
... defined as cocci if their length and width differed by less than 0.10 µm, coccobacilli if their length and width differed by more than 0.10 µm, and rods if their length was at least double their width. According to Lee and Fuhrman (1987), the pixels which constituted the fluorescent “halo” around t ...
... defined as cocci if their length and width differed by less than 0.10 µm, coccobacilli if their length and width differed by more than 0.10 µm, and rods if their length was at least double their width. According to Lee and Fuhrman (1987), the pixels which constituted the fluorescent “halo” around t ...
On the so-called "Sexual" Method of Spore
... For various reasons, it seemed to me that the process which Schaudinn (1902) and others—including myself (1908)—were driven to regard as a form of conjugation, was, perhaps, capable of being interpreted in some other way. After much idle guessing, I concluded that the only method of throwing light u ...
... For various reasons, it seemed to me that the process which Schaudinn (1902) and others—including myself (1908)—were driven to regard as a form of conjugation, was, perhaps, capable of being interpreted in some other way. After much idle guessing, I concluded that the only method of throwing light u ...
Characteristics of Bacteria Worksheet
... If they are found in pairs, adding the prefix diplo- to their shape forms the name. An example is diplococci (a sphere shaped bacteria that is found in pairs). If the bacteria are found in chains, the prefix strepto- is added to their shape (ex. streptococci = long chains of sphere shaped bacteria). ...
... If they are found in pairs, adding the prefix diplo- to their shape forms the name. An example is diplococci (a sphere shaped bacteria that is found in pairs). If the bacteria are found in chains, the prefix strepto- is added to their shape (ex. streptococci = long chains of sphere shaped bacteria). ...
HAUSP, a deubiquitinating enzyme for p53, is polyubiquitinated
... and rHAUSP (C224S), visualized as DNA ladders, indicating that these cells are apoptotic (data not shown). We also investigated the expression level of caspase 3 as an apoptotic marker using an anti-caspase 3 antibody (Fig. 2C). Caspase 3 was more strongly expressed in HeLa cells transfected with rH ...
... and rHAUSP (C224S), visualized as DNA ladders, indicating that these cells are apoptotic (data not shown). We also investigated the expression level of caspase 3 as an apoptotic marker using an anti-caspase 3 antibody (Fig. 2C). Caspase 3 was more strongly expressed in HeLa cells transfected with rH ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.