Small airway-on-a-chip enables analysis of human lung
... disease modeling and drug efficacy assessment18. We previously used this approach to successfully reconstitute the alveolar-capillary interface of the human lung air sac and associated inflammatory responses in vitro19, 20. Here, we adapted this approach to microengineer a human lung small airway-on ...
... disease modeling and drug efficacy assessment18. We previously used this approach to successfully reconstitute the alveolar-capillary interface of the human lung air sac and associated inflammatory responses in vitro19, 20. Here, we adapted this approach to microengineer a human lung small airway-on ...
Inactivation of Photosystems I and II in Response
... Measurement of Cell Volume Cell volume (cytoplasmic volume) was determined by electron paramanetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry as described previously (Blumwald et al., 1983). For measurements, cells were harvested and resuspended at 400 g Chl mL⫺1 in a solution of 1.0 mm 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo ...
... Measurement of Cell Volume Cell volume (cytoplasmic volume) was determined by electron paramanetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry as described previously (Blumwald et al., 1983). For measurements, cells were harvested and resuspended at 400 g Chl mL⫺1 in a solution of 1.0 mm 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo ...
Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of Septin
... regulation of septin dynamics, possibly through the control of their phosphorylation state, is required for the completion of cytokinesis. Introduction In order to give rise to two viable progenies, cytokinesis must be both spatially and temporally coordinated with the partition of sister chromatids ...
... regulation of septin dynamics, possibly through the control of their phosphorylation state, is required for the completion of cytokinesis. Introduction In order to give rise to two viable progenies, cytokinesis must be both spatially and temporally coordinated with the partition of sister chromatids ...
Cells without the calnexin/calreticulin central region are viable
... have isolated cnx1+, the S. pombe calnexin homologue, and have shown that it encodes a protein essential for viability (Jannatipour and Rokeach, 1995; Parlati et al., 1995). Like its mammalian counterparts, Cnx1p is a type I ER-membrane protein containing the characteristic highly conserved central ...
... have isolated cnx1+, the S. pombe calnexin homologue, and have shown that it encodes a protein essential for viability (Jannatipour and Rokeach, 1995; Parlati et al., 1995). Like its mammalian counterparts, Cnx1p is a type I ER-membrane protein containing the characteristic highly conserved central ...
Photosynthetic acclimation in the context of structural constraints to
... photon m–2 s–1), or transferred from LL to HL for 1 week, as previously described (Amiard et al. 2005). In all cases, only fully expanded, mature leaves were characterized. Special care was taken to be sure that only leaves that were fully expanded prior to the transfer from LL to HL were characteri ...
... photon m–2 s–1), or transferred from LL to HL for 1 week, as previously described (Amiard et al. 2005). In all cases, only fully expanded, mature leaves were characterized. Special care was taken to be sure that only leaves that were fully expanded prior to the transfer from LL to HL were characteri ...
Androgen receptor complexes probe DNA for recognition
... highly dynamic behavior of transcription factors has rapidly increased over the past decade. However, a consistent quantitative scheme of their action is still lacking. Using the androgen receptor (AR) as a model system, we combined three different fluorescence microscopy assays: single-molecule mic ...
... highly dynamic behavior of transcription factors has rapidly increased over the past decade. However, a consistent quantitative scheme of their action is still lacking. Using the androgen receptor (AR) as a model system, we combined three different fluorescence microscopy assays: single-molecule mic ...
Similarities and differences in the responses of microorganisms to
... Two types of organisms, prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes, are considered here. Of the latter, moulds (filamentous fungi) and yeasts (unicellular fungi), protozoa and algae will be discussed. The fungi and algae (except euglenoids) possess rigid cell walls, whereas protozoa lack a ‘true’ cell wa ...
... Two types of organisms, prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes, are considered here. Of the latter, moulds (filamentous fungi) and yeasts (unicellular fungi), protozoa and algae will be discussed. The fungi and algae (except euglenoids) possess rigid cell walls, whereas protozoa lack a ‘true’ cell wa ...
Coupled elasticity–diffusion model for the effects of cytoskeleton
... phagocytosis of filamentous Escherichia coli bacteria by macrophages. They found that complete uptake occurs only if one of the terminal bacteria filament poles enters the cell first. Abdolahad et al. [8] used an array of vertically aligned multiwalled CNTs (radius ¼ 32.5 nm) to distinguish healthy ...
... phagocytosis of filamentous Escherichia coli bacteria by macrophages. They found that complete uptake occurs only if one of the terminal bacteria filament poles enters the cell first. Abdolahad et al. [8] used an array of vertically aligned multiwalled CNTs (radius ¼ 32.5 nm) to distinguish healthy ...
Ctf3p, the Mis6 budding yeast homolog, interacts with Mcm22p and
... Received September 28, 2001; revised version accepted November 15, 2001. ...
... Received September 28, 2001; revised version accepted November 15, 2001. ...
Rac1 accumulates in the nucleus during the G2 phase of the cell
... type, we studied the distribution of these proteins in multiple cell lines including MDCK, COS-1, and porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells (Fig. 1, B and C) and ECV304 human bladder carcinoma, HeLa, and NIH 3T3 (not depicted). GFP-Rac1 ranged from 5 ± 2% nuclear in MDCK cells to 30 ± 5% nuclear in ...
... type, we studied the distribution of these proteins in multiple cell lines including MDCK, COS-1, and porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells (Fig. 1, B and C) and ECV304 human bladder carcinoma, HeLa, and NIH 3T3 (not depicted). GFP-Rac1 ranged from 5 ± 2% nuclear in MDCK cells to 30 ± 5% nuclear in ...
Spindle pole body-anchored Kar3 drives the nucleus
... these elements interact to produce the forces necessary for nuclear migration is less clear. We used electron tomography, molecular genetics, quantitative imaging, and first principles modeling to investigate how cytoplasmic microtubules are organized during nuclear congression. We found that Kar3, ...
... these elements interact to produce the forces necessary for nuclear migration is less clear. We used electron tomography, molecular genetics, quantitative imaging, and first principles modeling to investigate how cytoplasmic microtubules are organized during nuclear congression. We found that Kar3, ...
Functional diversification of centrins and cell morphological
... proteins (the subfamily called PtCenBP3 for centrin binding protein 3), five new centrin subfamilies (ICL1e, ICL3b, ICL9, ICL10 and ICL11), and 14 different subfamilies of either known or unknown proteins (supplementary material Table S1). Among the novel protein subfamilies, GSPATP00007371001 and G ...
... proteins (the subfamily called PtCenBP3 for centrin binding protein 3), five new centrin subfamilies (ICL1e, ICL3b, ICL9, ICL10 and ICL11), and 14 different subfamilies of either known or unknown proteins (supplementary material Table S1). Among the novel protein subfamilies, GSPATP00007371001 and G ...
plant hormones lec9. ppt - An
... • A dilute-soak solution contains 200 ppm of IBA. What’s the concentration of IBA as a percent? • You want to make 1000 ml of a quick-dip solution using Dip N Grow concentrate so that the final concentration of IBA is 1000 ppm. What volume of Dip N Grow concentrate will you use to make the quick-dip ...
... • A dilute-soak solution contains 200 ppm of IBA. What’s the concentration of IBA as a percent? • You want to make 1000 ml of a quick-dip solution using Dip N Grow concentrate so that the final concentration of IBA is 1000 ppm. What volume of Dip N Grow concentrate will you use to make the quick-dip ...
The Differences between NAD-ME and NADP
... BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA, 2 BioEnergy Science Center, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA ...
... BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA, 2 BioEnergy Science Center, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA ...
Glucagon receptor recycling: role of carboxyl terminus - AJP-Cell
... fate of internalized GR. Using both hamster hepatocytes and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, we showed that internalized GR recycled to the plasma membrane within 30 – 60 min following stimulation of the cells with 100 nM glucagon. In HEK-293 cells and during recycling, GR colocalized with Ra ...
... fate of internalized GR. Using both hamster hepatocytes and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, we showed that internalized GR recycled to the plasma membrane within 30 – 60 min following stimulation of the cells with 100 nM glucagon. In HEK-293 cells and during recycling, GR colocalized with Ra ...
Message in a bottle: small signalling peptide
... The mature, functional, secreted small signalling peptide is often perceived by a membrane-associated receptor and regulates a signal transduction pathway, but some are not secreted (Butenko et al., 2009; Matsuzaki et al., 2010; Matsubayashi, 2011; Murphy et al., 2012). To date, however, a mere hand ...
... The mature, functional, secreted small signalling peptide is often perceived by a membrane-associated receptor and regulates a signal transduction pathway, but some are not secreted (Butenko et al., 2009; Matsuzaki et al., 2010; Matsubayashi, 2011; Murphy et al., 2012). To date, however, a mere hand ...
Suppression by Filarial Parasites Not IL
... profound proliferative suppression was still observed. This demonstrated that suppression was an active process and not due to an absence of costimulatory molecules or reduced numbers of effective APC. Moreover, while suppression could be transferred with supernatants from cultured PEC, this was not ...
... profound proliferative suppression was still observed. This demonstrated that suppression was an active process and not due to an absence of costimulatory molecules or reduced numbers of effective APC. Moreover, while suppression could be transferred with supernatants from cultured PEC, this was not ...
zjawisko oddzia*ywania allelopatycznego sinic i glonów w
... on target organisms. In this work we have shown for the first time that the addition of cellfree filtrate from Baltic N. spumigena and Synechococcus sp. cultures had negative impact on growth and cell morphology of O. submarina. The greatest decrease of growth of O. submarina was observed after the ...
... on target organisms. In this work we have shown for the first time that the addition of cellfree filtrate from Baltic N. spumigena and Synechococcus sp. cultures had negative impact on growth and cell morphology of O. submarina. The greatest decrease of growth of O. submarina was observed after the ...
How to build a grid cell
... are unlikely to oscillate independently at different frequencies over sufficiently long periods of time [18], making it more likely that the VCOs are driven by synaptic inputs from direction-sensitive neurons [15,19]. At any rate, action potential firing in this type of model is produced when the VC ...
... are unlikely to oscillate independently at different frequencies over sufficiently long periods of time [18], making it more likely that the VCOs are driven by synaptic inputs from direction-sensitive neurons [15,19]. At any rate, action potential firing in this type of model is produced when the VC ...
Class I MHC Molecule Protein in Association with an Allogeneic
... The Journal of Immunology form peptide-Ld complexes recognizable by 2C CTL. All these data indicate that the strong allogeneic response of 2C CTL to Ld⫹ target cells is mediated by numerous peptides presented on target cells in the context of Ld. Although most of these peptides are derived from OGD ...
... The Journal of Immunology form peptide-Ld complexes recognizable by 2C CTL. All these data indicate that the strong allogeneic response of 2C CTL to Ld⫹ target cells is mediated by numerous peptides presented on target cells in the context of Ld. Although most of these peptides are derived from OGD ...
Phylogenomics demonstrates that breviate flagellates are related to
... Our understanding of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes has been revolutionized by phylogenomic approaches that use hundreds of proteins to infer phylogenies (reviewed in [1]). Most eukaryotes may be placed into one of only three major high-level groups: Amorphea, Diaphoretickes and Excavata [2] ...
... Our understanding of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes has been revolutionized by phylogenomic approaches that use hundreds of proteins to infer phylogenies (reviewed in [1]). Most eukaryotes may be placed into one of only three major high-level groups: Amorphea, Diaphoretickes and Excavata [2] ...
Remapping by hippocampal place cells
... Taking a slightly different view, in their elegant discussion of spatial context, Nadel and Willner (1980) argue that context is paradoxical: it both “is made up of” and “contains” the same stimuli. In other words, a given stimulus could be either a discrete cue or part of the context, depending on ...
... Taking a slightly different view, in their elegant discussion of spatial context, Nadel and Willner (1980) argue that context is paradoxical: it both “is made up of” and “contains” the same stimuli. In other words, a given stimulus could be either a discrete cue or part of the context, depending on ...
Inactivation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase intact cells
... retained within the cells, No secretion of Adc:Met is observed lU'Ider conditions of elevated cellular levels of this metabolite (induced by exposure of hepatocytes to repetitive additions of hcm::x:ysteinel. file relevance of these findings for the cellular handling of ACoHcy in vivo is underscored ...
... retained within the cells, No secretion of Adc:Met is observed lU'Ider conditions of elevated cellular levels of this metabolite (induced by exposure of hepatocytes to repetitive additions of hcm::x:ysteinel. file relevance of these findings for the cellular handling of ACoHcy in vivo is underscored ...
Melanization and Hemocyte Homeostasis in the Freshwater
... cell proliferation, was increased during infection. Pl-β-thymosins were proposed to be involved in hemocyte homeostasis by increasing stem cell migration and thus increasing the circulating hemocyte number. Crayfish hemocyte numbers, as well astakine (Ast1 and Ast2) expression in hemocytes and HPT, ...
... cell proliferation, was increased during infection. Pl-β-thymosins were proposed to be involved in hemocyte homeostasis by increasing stem cell migration and thus increasing the circulating hemocyte number. Crayfish hemocyte numbers, as well astakine (Ast1 and Ast2) expression in hemocytes and HPT, ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.