Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylases Have a Function
... a previously unreported role in restructuring primary walls at the time when secondary wall layers are deposited, probably creating and reinforcing the connections between the primary and secondary wall layers. We also observed that xylogucan is incorporated at a high level in the inner layer of nac ...
... a previously unreported role in restructuring primary walls at the time when secondary wall layers are deposited, probably creating and reinforcing the connections between the primary and secondary wall layers. We also observed that xylogucan is incorporated at a high level in the inner layer of nac ...
Ch. 48 Lecture 48_Nervous_System
... • Many animals have a complex nervous system that consists of – A central nervous system (CNS) where integration takes place; this includes the brain and a nerve cord – A peripheral nervous system (PNS), which carries information into and out of the CNS – The neurons of the PNS, when bundled togeth ...
... • Many animals have a complex nervous system that consists of – A central nervous system (CNS) where integration takes place; this includes the brain and a nerve cord – A peripheral nervous system (PNS), which carries information into and out of the CNS – The neurons of the PNS, when bundled togeth ...
letters - Cytomorpholab
... To initially ascertain barbed-end dynamics in the presence of AtFH5, a constant concentration of actin filaments was incubated with increasing concentrations of FH1–FH2–Cter before the addition of labelled actin monomers (Fig. 2f). The initial rate of elongation, which is proportional to the number ...
... To initially ascertain barbed-end dynamics in the presence of AtFH5, a constant concentration of actin filaments was incubated with increasing concentrations of FH1–FH2–Cter before the addition of labelled actin monomers (Fig. 2f). The initial rate of elongation, which is proportional to the number ...
Aluminum-Induced 133-ß-D-Glucan Inhibits Cell
... 2020 (Gruhn et al., 1995). Al rapidly inhibits root elongation depending on the Al concentration. Subsequently, this prevents development of the ramified root system, an essential feature for successful plant development (Kochian, 1995). The primary target of Al toxicity is unknown yet, when both ap ...
... 2020 (Gruhn et al., 1995). Al rapidly inhibits root elongation depending on the Al concentration. Subsequently, this prevents development of the ramified root system, an essential feature for successful plant development (Kochian, 1995). The primary target of Al toxicity is unknown yet, when both ap ...
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP
... three important elements: the distal enhancer, the proximal enhancer and the proximal promoter (16). Oct4 and Sox2 activated the Oct4 transcription by binding an Oct4/Sox2 element in the distal enhancer (17). The caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (Cdx2) suppressed Oct4 gene by binding to t ...
... three important elements: the distal enhancer, the proximal enhancer and the proximal promoter (16). Oct4 and Sox2 activated the Oct4 transcription by binding an Oct4/Sox2 element in the distal enhancer (17). The caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (Cdx2) suppressed Oct4 gene by binding to t ...
Paper 2
... tem. In GTP␥S-treated tip cells, tubular vacuoles were sometimes the only form seen. When the drug was washed out and hyphae left in GTP␥S-free solution for 45 min before rescoring, tip cells recovered the typical range of control morphologies (Fig. 9). GTP␥S also promoted tubule frequency in the se ...
... tem. In GTP␥S-treated tip cells, tubular vacuoles were sometimes the only form seen. When the drug was washed out and hyphae left in GTP␥S-free solution for 45 min before rescoring, tip cells recovered the typical range of control morphologies (Fig. 9). GTP␥S also promoted tubule frequency in the se ...
Transendothelial Migration Surface Determinants During Activated T
... without de novo protein synthesis (16), was induced, but only by 35% of the activated T cells. Of importance after migration through EC, 32% of the CD41CD542 T cells activated with PDB in the presence of actinomycin D became CD541 (Fig. 2B). These findings indicate that migration did not induce CD54 ...
... without de novo protein synthesis (16), was induced, but only by 35% of the activated T cells. Of importance after migration through EC, 32% of the CD41CD542 T cells activated with PDB in the presence of actinomycin D became CD541 (Fig. 2B). These findings indicate that migration did not induce CD54 ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... 37°C for 60 min before incubation with the roots. As a control, roots were incubated for 60 min at room temperature with proteinase K before incubation with bacteria. f Cell surface preparations were separated into two fractions by ultrafiltration, using a 30- and a 5-kDa membrane. Equal amounts cor ...
... 37°C for 60 min before incubation with the roots. As a control, roots were incubated for 60 min at room temperature with proteinase K before incubation with bacteria. f Cell surface preparations were separated into two fractions by ultrafiltration, using a 30- and a 5-kDa membrane. Equal amounts cor ...
The innate immune function of airway epithelial cells in inflammatory
... Basal cells are progenitors that are capable of self-renewal and generation of all surface epithelium cell types, and are characterised in humans by expression of p63 and KRT14 [9]. Differentiated AECs can also dedifferentiate into stem cells and, thus, contribute to regeneration of the differentiat ...
... Basal cells are progenitors that are capable of self-renewal and generation of all surface epithelium cell types, and are characterised in humans by expression of p63 and KRT14 [9]. Differentiated AECs can also dedifferentiate into stem cells and, thus, contribute to regeneration of the differentiat ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Cell Biology
... granules contain no serine or metalloproteases, acid hydrolases, or peroxidase (10). In contrast, they contain a set of strongly cationic polypeptides, which are thought to be responsible for the nonoxidative antimicrobial activity, associated with these granules (10). The large granules of neutroph ...
... granules contain no serine or metalloproteases, acid hydrolases, or peroxidase (10). In contrast, they contain a set of strongly cationic polypeptides, which are thought to be responsible for the nonoxidative antimicrobial activity, associated with these granules (10). The large granules of neutroph ...
Caveolin-3 and SAP97 form a scaffolding protein complex that
... to hypothesize that SAP97 and Cav-3 form a scaffolding complex capable of recruiting Kv1.5 and regulating its function. We first carried out coimmunoprecipitation and pulldown experiments to test whether SAP97 and Cav-3 form a complex in the mouse heart. After SAP97 was immunoprecipitated from mouse ...
... to hypothesize that SAP97 and Cav-3 form a scaffolding complex capable of recruiting Kv1.5 and regulating its function. We first carried out coimmunoprecipitation and pulldown experiments to test whether SAP97 and Cav-3 form a complex in the mouse heart. After SAP97 was immunoprecipitated from mouse ...
Stimulated release of fluorescently labeled IgE fragments that
... fragments by aggregation of high affinity receptors for IgE (FcεRI) or by Ca2+ ionophore and phorbol 12-myristate 13acetate results in release of FITC fluorescence from the cells, which can be monitored continuously with a spectrofluorometer. The fluorescence release process corresponds to cellular ...
... fragments by aggregation of high affinity receptors for IgE (FcεRI) or by Ca2+ ionophore and phorbol 12-myristate 13acetate results in release of FITC fluorescence from the cells, which can be monitored continuously with a spectrofluorometer. The fluorescence release process corresponds to cellular ...
Transfer of Primordial Germ-cells inXenopus laevis
... In the experiments, care was taken at the time of operation to graft pieces of endoderm very similar in size. In view of the argument at the end of the last paragraph, one is naturally inclined to ask why the graft is successful in some cases and not in others. We would draw attention to the signifi ...
... In the experiments, care was taken at the time of operation to graft pieces of endoderm very similar in size. In view of the argument at the end of the last paragraph, one is naturally inclined to ask why the graft is successful in some cases and not in others. We would draw attention to the signifi ...
Motile Apparatus in Vallisneria Leaf Cells. II. Effects of Cytochalasin
... In leaf cells of the higher aquatic plants e.g., Elodea and Vallisneria, rotational streaming of the cytoplasm is induced by such external stimuli as irradiation with light or the application of various chemicals. This type of streaming is called "secondary streaming" (4, 6), and that seen in Charac ...
... In leaf cells of the higher aquatic plants e.g., Elodea and Vallisneria, rotational streaming of the cytoplasm is induced by such external stimuli as irradiation with light or the application of various chemicals. This type of streaming is called "secondary streaming" (4, 6), and that seen in Charac ...
Fungi
... • The diploid phase following karyogamy – Is short-lived and undergoes meiosis, producing haploid spores ...
... • The diploid phase following karyogamy – Is short-lived and undergoes meiosis, producing haploid spores ...
SED4 Encodes a Yeast Endoplasmic Reticulum
... Secl2p, a close homologue of Sed4p, also acts early in the assembly of transport vesicles. However, SEC12 performs a different function than SED4 since Secl2p does not bind Secl6p, and genetic tests show that SEC12 and SED4 are not functionally interchangeable. The importance of Sed4p for vesicle fo ...
... Secl2p, a close homologue of Sed4p, also acts early in the assembly of transport vesicles. However, SEC12 performs a different function than SED4 since Secl2p does not bind Secl6p, and genetic tests show that SEC12 and SED4 are not functionally interchangeable. The importance of Sed4p for vesicle fo ...
Natural sequence variants of yeast environmental sensors confer
... the chances to observe individuals with extreme phenotypes (e.g., with either low or high trait values) without necessarily changing the mean trait value of all carriers. A PTL may also change the transition rate between two phenotypic states without modifying the overall proportion of individuals b ...
... the chances to observe individuals with extreme phenotypes (e.g., with either low or high trait values) without necessarily changing the mean trait value of all carriers. A PTL may also change the transition rate between two phenotypic states without modifying the overall proportion of individuals b ...
Adenomatous polyposis coli - Journal of Cell Science
... APC has been shown to regulate cell polarity and migration through control of the actin cytoskeleton (Akiyama and Kawasaki, 2006). Forced expression of APC in the small intestine induces disordered migration of epithelial cells (Wong et al., 1996). By contrast, loss of APC slows down their migration ...
... APC has been shown to regulate cell polarity and migration through control of the actin cytoskeleton (Akiyama and Kawasaki, 2006). Forced expression of APC in the small intestine induces disordered migration of epithelial cells (Wong et al., 1996). By contrast, loss of APC slows down their migration ...
Microreviews in Cell and Molecular Biology
... function of Vps1p in the actin cytoskelton dynamics and the vacuolar protein sorting are related to each other. In the results of the conducted research, we can come to the conclusion that there is a relation between dynamin and the deformation of certain cellular developments. The conclusion can be ...
... function of Vps1p in the actin cytoskelton dynamics and the vacuolar protein sorting are related to each other. In the results of the conducted research, we can come to the conclusion that there is a relation between dynamin and the deformation of certain cellular developments. The conclusion can be ...
Stem cells in cancer: instigators and propagators?
... The cell of origin of most haematological malignancies is probably a multipotential haematopoietic stem cell (HSC). For example, in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), in which 95% of affected patients have the Philadelphia chromosome (which is likely to be the founder mutation), the BCR-ABL oncogenic ...
... The cell of origin of most haematological malignancies is probably a multipotential haematopoietic stem cell (HSC). For example, in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), in which 95% of affected patients have the Philadelphia chromosome (which is likely to be the founder mutation), the BCR-ABL oncogenic ...
CELL MOTILITY: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of
... structures and needed for the cell’s specific biological role. Several of the basic unifying principles necessary for cell motility are examined. One such principle is a “treadmilling” at all levels of the cell with assembly at the front and disassembly at the rear through which directed movement oc ...
... structures and needed for the cell’s specific biological role. Several of the basic unifying principles necessary for cell motility are examined. One such principle is a “treadmilling” at all levels of the cell with assembly at the front and disassembly at the rear through which directed movement oc ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.