Link
... the early born dI4 and dI5 populations in terrestrial vertebrates (Gross et al., 2002; Mizuguchi et al., 2006; Muller et al., 2002; Wildner et al., 2006). Although the majority of dorsal cell types differentiate as sensory interneurons and sensory-relay neurons, some appear to make cellular contribu ...
... the early born dI4 and dI5 populations in terrestrial vertebrates (Gross et al., 2002; Mizuguchi et al., 2006; Muller et al., 2002; Wildner et al., 2006). Although the majority of dorsal cell types differentiate as sensory interneurons and sensory-relay neurons, some appear to make cellular contribu ...
What is bad in cancer is good in the embryo: Importance of EMT in
... repression of Snail2 prior to migration of NC in the chick [42]. This was thought to regulate the correct timing of NC emigration and delamination from the neural tube without affecting the expression of the migratory proteins of NC [43]. However, a recent study suggests that the avian Cad6b acts vi ...
... repression of Snail2 prior to migration of NC in the chick [42]. This was thought to regulate the correct timing of NC emigration and delamination from the neural tube without affecting the expression of the migratory proteins of NC [43]. However, a recent study suggests that the avian Cad6b acts vi ...
Glycosylation and Sorting of Secretory Proteins in the Endoplasmic
... 1.1 N-glycans are extended in the ER when ER-to-Golgi traffic is blocked .. 40 1.2 Och1p relocates to the ER when COPII-mediated traffic is impaired .... 41 1.3 Recycling of Och1p is mediated by COPI ...................................... 42 1.4 The recycled, but not de novo synthesized Och1p is act ...
... 1.1 N-glycans are extended in the ER when ER-to-Golgi traffic is blocked .. 40 1.2 Och1p relocates to the ER when COPII-mediated traffic is impaired .... 41 1.3 Recycling of Och1p is mediated by COPI ...................................... 42 1.4 The recycled, but not de novo synthesized Och1p is act ...
Full-Text PDF
... least 60 genes. This must be considered as a minimum estimate, as a small part of the genome still remains to be sequence [1]. Rab GTPases cycle between active and inactive states, GTP-bound or GDP-bound forms, respectively. In the active conformation, Rabs interact with a high variety of Rab-effect ...
... least 60 genes. This must be considered as a minimum estimate, as a small part of the genome still remains to be sequence [1]. Rab GTPases cycle between active and inactive states, GTP-bound or GDP-bound forms, respectively. In the active conformation, Rabs interact with a high variety of Rab-effect ...
An Auxin Gradient and Maximum in the Arabidopsis
... respective internal reference protoplast populations to compensate for slight differences in growth rate and development between biological replicates and between different GFPexpressing Arabidopsis lines. The highest relative IAA concentration, fivefold higher than the concentration in the surround ...
... respective internal reference protoplast populations to compensate for slight differences in growth rate and development between biological replicates and between different GFPexpressing Arabidopsis lines. The highest relative IAA concentration, fivefold higher than the concentration in the surround ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in
... tubes. Prior electron microscopy studies indicate that the wall is significantly thicker at the extreme apex than along the flanks of the apical dome (Lancelle and Hepler, 1992). Realizing that the dimensions of the cell wall will be small, we attempted to optimize the optical system for maximum res ...
... tubes. Prior electron microscopy studies indicate that the wall is significantly thicker at the extreme apex than along the flanks of the apical dome (Lancelle and Hepler, 1992). Realizing that the dimensions of the cell wall will be small, we attempted to optimize the optical system for maximum res ...
Macrophages but Not MyD88, in Bacteria
... of TLR3 and TLR4. In addition to NF-B induction, TRIF signaling facilitates activation of the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) transcription factor via IKK⑀ and TRAF family member-associated NF-B activator-binding kinase 1, followed by the expression of IFN- genes (22–31). Numerous reports have sh ...
... of TLR3 and TLR4. In addition to NF-B induction, TRIF signaling facilitates activation of the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) transcription factor via IKK⑀ and TRAF family member-associated NF-B activator-binding kinase 1, followed by the expression of IFN- genes (22–31). Numerous reports have sh ...
Daughter-Specific Transcription Factors Regulate Cell Size Control
... In budding yeast, asymmetric cell division yields a larger mother and a smaller daughter cell, which transcribe different genes due to the daughter-specific transcription factors Ace2 and Ash1. Cell size control at the Start checkpoint has long been considered to be a main regulator of the length of ...
... In budding yeast, asymmetric cell division yields a larger mother and a smaller daughter cell, which transcribe different genes due to the daughter-specific transcription factors Ace2 and Ash1. Cell size control at the Start checkpoint has long been considered to be a main regulator of the length of ...
View Full Page PDF
... a functional ceramide:galactosyltransferase (27, 58), the enzyme that synthesizes GalCer, which is the precursor of only a few other lipids like sulfatide (HSO3 -3 GalCer). These mice live, but male mice were unable to breed, which reflects a function of galactolipids in spermatogenesis (95). In add ...
... a functional ceramide:galactosyltransferase (27, 58), the enzyme that synthesizes GalCer, which is the precursor of only a few other lipids like sulfatide (HSO3 -3 GalCer). These mice live, but male mice were unable to breed, which reflects a function of galactolipids in spermatogenesis (95). In add ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in
... outer fringe. The thin solid line is the sum of the two Gaussian fits. The vertical dashed lines mark the locations of the peaks in each Gaussian fit. Because the intensity of one of the DIC fringes, usually that between the protoplast and cell wall, is normally greater than the other fringe, it mas ...
... outer fringe. The thin solid line is the sum of the two Gaussian fits. The vertical dashed lines mark the locations of the peaks in each Gaussian fit. Because the intensity of one of the DIC fringes, usually that between the protoplast and cell wall, is normally greater than the other fringe, it mas ...
PDF
... Next we analyzed constitutive germ cell apoptosis in lin35(n745) animals. Germ cells undergoing apoptosis become refractile and are engulfed by the sheath cells, which are part of the somatic gonad and which express the scavenger receptor-like protein CED-1 on their cell surface (Zhou et al., 2001). ...
... Next we analyzed constitutive germ cell apoptosis in lin35(n745) animals. Germ cells undergoing apoptosis become refractile and are engulfed by the sheath cells, which are part of the somatic gonad and which express the scavenger receptor-like protein CED-1 on their cell surface (Zhou et al., 2001). ...
The Amino-terminal Domain of the Golgi Protein Giantin Interacts
... coiled-coil (23, 26 –28). One such protein is p115, which was identified originally because it is required for transport within the Golgi apparatus (29). Subsequently, it was implicated in fusion of transcytotic vesicles with the plasma membrane (30) and in docking COPI vesicles to Golgi membranes ( ...
... coiled-coil (23, 26 –28). One such protein is p115, which was identified originally because it is required for transport within the Golgi apparatus (29). Subsequently, it was implicated in fusion of transcytotic vesicles with the plasma membrane (30) and in docking COPI vesicles to Golgi membranes ( ...
The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the
... hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained specimens are now considered “obligatory/indispensable,” and others as “optional” according to their importance for diagnosis (Table 2).5 It is hoped that these clarifications will reduce previous ambiguity and may help to overcome the unsatisfactory reproducibilit ...
... hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained specimens are now considered “obligatory/indispensable,” and others as “optional” according to their importance for diagnosis (Table 2).5 It is hoped that these clarifications will reduce previous ambiguity and may help to overcome the unsatisfactory reproducibilit ...
The SR Protein SRp38 Represses Splicing in M Phase Cells
... an early step. To investigate the cellular function of SRp38, we examined its possible role in cell cycle control. We show first that splicing, like other steps in gene expression, is inhibited in extracts of mitotic cells. Strikingly, SRp38 was found to be dephosphorylated specifically in mitotic c ...
... an early step. To investigate the cellular function of SRp38, we examined its possible role in cell cycle control. We show first that splicing, like other steps in gene expression, is inhibited in extracts of mitotic cells. Strikingly, SRp38 was found to be dephosphorylated specifically in mitotic c ...
The Lyn kinase C-lobe mediates Golgi export of Lyn through
... Fig. 1. Association of Lyn with ACSL3. (A)Schematic representations of Lyn constructs, including wild-type Lyn (Lyn-wt). The Src homology (SH) domains, the N- and C-terminal lobes (N- and C-lobes) of the kinase domain, the alanine mutations of Asp346, Glu353, Asp498 and Asp499 (A in red) in the C-l ...
... Fig. 1. Association of Lyn with ACSL3. (A)Schematic representations of Lyn constructs, including wild-type Lyn (Lyn-wt). The Src homology (SH) domains, the N- and C-terminal lobes (N- and C-lobes) of the kinase domain, the alanine mutations of Asp346, Glu353, Asp498 and Asp499 (A in red) in the C-l ...
The Arf and Rab11 effector FIP3 acts synergistically with ASAP1 to
... targeting complex, thus facilitating the orderly assembly and activation of the Rab11–Rabin8–Rab8 cascade during ciliary receptor trafficking. KEY WORDS: Cilium, Rab11a, Rhodopsin ...
... targeting complex, thus facilitating the orderly assembly and activation of the Rab11–Rabin8–Rab8 cascade during ciliary receptor trafficking. KEY WORDS: Cilium, Rab11a, Rhodopsin ...
Function Antigens but with Altered Cytokine Secretion Cells To
... also showed marked differences between ind-mDCs and dirmDCs, although these differences did not achieve statistical significance (Fig. 1B). Indirectly activated DCs can present Ags encountered after maturation We have previously shown that normal mice cannot mount antiOVA CD4 T cell responses if the ...
... also showed marked differences between ind-mDCs and dirmDCs, although these differences did not achieve statistical significance (Fig. 1B). Indirectly activated DCs can present Ags encountered after maturation We have previously shown that normal mice cannot mount antiOVA CD4 T cell responses if the ...
Examiners` Report - Edexcel
... Overall, many candidate’s failure to read questions carefully and actually use information presented on the question paper cost many candidates vital marks. There was evidence of a good understanding of the ultrastructure of the cell, with knowledge of the roles of the different organelles, especial ...
... Overall, many candidate’s failure to read questions carefully and actually use information presented on the question paper cost many candidates vital marks. There was evidence of a good understanding of the ultrastructure of the cell, with knowledge of the roles of the different organelles, especial ...
Thesis-1972D-H792p
... CHAPTER. I INTRODUCTION Because cell division is by its nature a very complex process, there are many different aspects of the phenomenon that could be investigated. ...
... CHAPTER. I INTRODUCTION Because cell division is by its nature a very complex process, there are many different aspects of the phenomenon that could be investigated. ...
The Relation Between Scale and the Completeness of Pattern in
... ensure that some cellular variable, whose local value sets the cells' state to determine which particular pattern part shall develop, becomes distributed in a gradient profile with absolute "boundary" levels at the extremes of pattern and a particular, monotonically graded distribution (i.e., a sing ...
... ensure that some cellular variable, whose local value sets the cells' state to determine which particular pattern part shall develop, becomes distributed in a gradient profile with absolute "boundary" levels at the extremes of pattern and a particular, monotonically graded distribution (i.e., a sing ...
ZAMZAMI N, KROEMER G, 2001. The mitochondrion in apoptosis
... • Many pro-apoptotic proteins and second messengers act on mitochondria to induce MMP. Such signalling molecules include the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, phosphatases and kinases acting on Bcl-2-like proteins, as well as transcription factors (for example, p53 and TR3/Nur-77/NGFI-B). • ...
... • Many pro-apoptotic proteins and second messengers act on mitochondria to induce MMP. Such signalling molecules include the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, phosphatases and kinases acting on Bcl-2-like proteins, as well as transcription factors (for example, p53 and TR3/Nur-77/NGFI-B). • ...
838 Woodend Road, Stratford, Connecticut 06615 PAGE 1
... In ancient times, the science of transformation was called “Alchima.” “Alchima” is the stream of processes through which matter can be elevated from one state to another. One stage of the alchemic process, called “Nigredo,” is linked with fermentation and is key to the transformation of life force w ...
... In ancient times, the science of transformation was called “Alchima.” “Alchima” is the stream of processes through which matter can be elevated from one state to another. One stage of the alchemic process, called “Nigredo,” is linked with fermentation and is key to the transformation of life force w ...
Zebrafish germ cell migration - Development
... trailing PGCs start to migrate anteriorly and will eventually join the main clusters (step V, Fig. 1A,B). We have suggested that both steps IV and V of migration are regulated by attraction of PGCs towards the lateral mesoderm of the anterior trunk. If this model is correct, then two predictions can ...
... trailing PGCs start to migrate anteriorly and will eventually join the main clusters (step V, Fig. 1A,B). We have suggested that both steps IV and V of migration are regulated by attraction of PGCs towards the lateral mesoderm of the anterior trunk. If this model is correct, then two predictions can ...
The Assimilation of Amino-acids by Bacteria
... (Gale & Mitchell, 1947). The protein synthesis takes place only in growing cells and can be eliminated by working with well-washed suspensions of cells. The remaining metabolism (transfer of glutamic acid to the metabolic pool), which takes place in resting and growing cells, can be inhibited by sui ...
... (Gale & Mitchell, 1947). The protein synthesis takes place only in growing cells and can be eliminated by working with well-washed suspensions of cells. The remaining metabolism (transfer of glutamic acid to the metabolic pool), which takes place in resting and growing cells, can be inhibited by sui ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.