Cytoskeletal Drugs and Gravity-Induced Lateral Auxin Transport in
... coleoptiles of about 15 mm in length were placed, with the gravity vector pointing from tip towards base, in Eppendorf tubes containing water (control) or aqueous solutions of various cytoskeletal drugs, and kept for 30 min in the same orientation. They were then inverted for various time intervals, ...
... coleoptiles of about 15 mm in length were placed, with the gravity vector pointing from tip towards base, in Eppendorf tubes containing water (control) or aqueous solutions of various cytoskeletal drugs, and kept for 30 min in the same orientation. They were then inverted for various time intervals, ...
Infusion of a biotinylated bis-glucose photolabel
... myocytes, where it has a role in basal glucose uptake (14, 41, 51), and in endothelial cells (9). GLUT1 undergoes modest translocation to the sarcolemma with insulin and ischemia (14, 51), as it does in adipocytes (50). GLUT1 is also regulated at the expression level during ischemia, in part through ...
... myocytes, where it has a role in basal glucose uptake (14, 41, 51), and in endothelial cells (9). GLUT1 undergoes modest translocation to the sarcolemma with insulin and ischemia (14, 51), as it does in adipocytes (50). GLUT1 is also regulated at the expression level during ischemia, in part through ...
MICROSCOPIC AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES ON
... Exosomes originate via endosomal pathway (Figure 1). When an early endosome matures to a late endosome by acidification, intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) form by reverse budding from cytoplasm into the lumen of the endosome. While ILVs bud to late endosome, mRNA, microRNA, DNA, proteins and lipids are p ...
... Exosomes originate via endosomal pathway (Figure 1). When an early endosome matures to a late endosome by acidification, intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) form by reverse budding from cytoplasm into the lumen of the endosome. While ILVs bud to late endosome, mRNA, microRNA, DNA, proteins and lipids are p ...
Pollen cytoskeleton during germination and tube growth
... was further suggested by several pharmacological evidences47. No doubts remain that actin filaments and myosin are the protein systems that promote the movement of organelles and vesicles. Treatment of pollen tubes with cytochalasins induced several alterations in the tube structure and in the distr ...
... was further suggested by several pharmacological evidences47. No doubts remain that actin filaments and myosin are the protein systems that promote the movement of organelles and vesicles. Treatment of pollen tubes with cytochalasins induced several alterations in the tube structure and in the distr ...
Failsafe Mechanisms Coordinate Cell Division and the Initiation of
... This view of the cell cycle is complicated when cells are grown in rich media. Bacteria can have doubling rates that are ~20-‐25 minutes, which is much faster than the time it takes for chromosom ...
... This view of the cell cycle is complicated when cells are grown in rich media. Bacteria can have doubling rates that are ~20-‐25 minutes, which is much faster than the time it takes for chromosom ...
Force development by the contractile vacuole
... periodic rounding and slackening at regular intervals for an extended time. The contractile vacuole rounded against the cytosol-mineral oil boundary tension. The tension at the surface of the contractile vacuole is, therefore, assumed to increase during the rounding phase. We first estimated the ten ...
... periodic rounding and slackening at regular intervals for an extended time. The contractile vacuole rounded against the cytosol-mineral oil boundary tension. The tension at the surface of the contractile vacuole is, therefore, assumed to increase during the rounding phase. We first estimated the ten ...
Cultivation of Trypanosoma brucei sspp. in
... The procedure used was essentially that described by Chen (1967). Activated charcoal was washed in 1 N-HC1 followed by distilled water and was then air dried. 10 g albumin were dissolved in 100 ml distilled water and 5 g charcoal were mixed into the solution which was then cooled to 0 "C and brought ...
... The procedure used was essentially that described by Chen (1967). Activated charcoal was washed in 1 N-HC1 followed by distilled water and was then air dried. 10 g albumin were dissolved in 100 ml distilled water and 5 g charcoal were mixed into the solution which was then cooled to 0 "C and brought ...
Early Event of Sexual Induction in Volvox: Chemical Modification of
... ride-rich material of the I compartment is released into the medium. A new individual is formed from each reproductive cell in a series of cleavages. In the developing asexual embryo, differentiation into somatic and reproductive cells is seen at the division from 32 to 64 cells. At this stage, 16 o ...
... ride-rich material of the I compartment is released into the medium. A new individual is formed from each reproductive cell in a series of cleavages. In the developing asexual embryo, differentiation into somatic and reproductive cells is seen at the division from 32 to 64 cells. At this stage, 16 o ...
Cytokinin Lecture
... (that function in conjunction with auxin) Discovered as: 1. A root derived factor required for shoot growth in culture. 2. A factor in endosperm that promotes cell division in culture (in the presence of auxin). 3. A DNA breakdown product that causes shoot cell division (in the presence of auxin). ...
... (that function in conjunction with auxin) Discovered as: 1. A root derived factor required for shoot growth in culture. 2. A factor in endosperm that promotes cell division in culture (in the presence of auxin). 3. A DNA breakdown product that causes shoot cell division (in the presence of auxin). ...
Disruption of early proximodistal patterning and AVE
... Wnt3 results in the earliest phenotype. Embryos mutant for Wnt3 completely lack a primitive streak and mesendoderm formation (Liu et al., 1999), demonstrating a clear role for Wnt signaling in mesendoderm development. However, genes expressed in the AVE are correctly localized (Liu et al., 1999), su ...
... Wnt3 results in the earliest phenotype. Embryos mutant for Wnt3 completely lack a primitive streak and mesendoderm formation (Liu et al., 1999), demonstrating a clear role for Wnt signaling in mesendoderm development. However, genes expressed in the AVE are correctly localized (Liu et al., 1999), su ...
Doehrty-McMahon 2009
... understanding and treatment of human disease. We must point out that great care should be taken when attempting to correlate observations that have been made in distinct cell types. Because distinct endocytic pathways will have their own functions, different types of specialized cells will therefore ...
... understanding and treatment of human disease. We must point out that great care should be taken when attempting to correlate observations that have been made in distinct cell types. Because distinct endocytic pathways will have their own functions, different types of specialized cells will therefore ...
The Complex Relationship between Liver Cancer and the Cell Cycle
... not substantially vary between phases, time specific expression of cyclins during cell cycle orchestrates Cdk/cyclin complex formation, activation, and resulting activity. In addition, binding of Cdk inhibitor proteins limits Cdk activity. These inhibitors fall into two different families (Cip/Kip a ...
... not substantially vary between phases, time specific expression of cyclins during cell cycle orchestrates Cdk/cyclin complex formation, activation, and resulting activity. In addition, binding of Cdk inhibitor proteins limits Cdk activity. These inhibitors fall into two different families (Cip/Kip a ...
Distinct Protease Requirements for Antigen Presentation In Vitro and
... APCs in vitro. The loss of specific enzymes sometimes compromised Ag presentation, whereas in other cases, Ag presentation actually improved in protease-null APCs. For example, cathepsin S was shown to be required in vitro for the presentation of two H-2b– restricted epitopes in hen egg lysozyme (HE ...
... APCs in vitro. The loss of specific enzymes sometimes compromised Ag presentation, whereas in other cases, Ag presentation actually improved in protease-null APCs. For example, cathepsin S was shown to be required in vitro for the presentation of two H-2b– restricted epitopes in hen egg lysozyme (HE ...
Detergent-Insoluble Membrane Compartment CD20 Required for Its
... loops. Complete digestion of extracellular regions would be expected to result in either 8- or 15-kDa N-terminal fragments depending on whether the polypeptide is exposed at the cell surface on the carboxyl side of TM1. For these studies we used both trypsin, which cuts specifically on the carboxyli ...
... loops. Complete digestion of extracellular regions would be expected to result in either 8- or 15-kDa N-terminal fragments depending on whether the polypeptide is exposed at the cell surface on the carboxyl side of TM1. For these studies we used both trypsin, which cuts specifically on the carboxyli ...
ARVO 2015 Annual Meeting Abstracts 164 Cornea endothelium
... laminins, HCEC subpopulations were most strongly bound to laminin-511 and weakly bound to Perlecan, Agrin, and TSP-1. Interestingly, the binding properties to laminins were different among these subpopulations. Although the level of attached cells to the laminin-411 coated plate was the same among t ...
... laminins, HCEC subpopulations were most strongly bound to laminin-511 and weakly bound to Perlecan, Agrin, and TSP-1. Interestingly, the binding properties to laminins were different among these subpopulations. Although the level of attached cells to the laminin-411 coated plate was the same among t ...
Extended PDF
... under laboratory conditions forms floating biofilms known as pellicles at the air-liquid interface of standing cultures (Aguilar et al., 2007; Branda et al., 2001a; Lopez et al., 2009; Vlamakis et al., 2008). Cells in the pellicles are held together by an extracellular matrix consisting of exopolysa ...
... under laboratory conditions forms floating biofilms known as pellicles at the air-liquid interface of standing cultures (Aguilar et al., 2007; Branda et al., 2001a; Lopez et al., 2009; Vlamakis et al., 2008). Cells in the pellicles are held together by an extracellular matrix consisting of exopolysa ...
Hairy Root Transformation Using Agrobacterium
... utility of this method across different species. Tomato roots pose certain challenges for confocal microscopy. Considerable autofluorescence is observed in the lateral root cap and epidermal cells of both primary roots and hairy roots. This autofluorescence overlaps with the GFP emission spectrum but ...
... utility of this method across different species. Tomato roots pose certain challenges for confocal microscopy. Considerable autofluorescence is observed in the lateral root cap and epidermal cells of both primary roots and hairy roots. This autofluorescence overlaps with the GFP emission spectrum but ...
plantcell.org
... After excision of the maize QC and root cap, the damaged root is capable of regenerating an intact root tip with a new QC (Feldman, 1976). To begin to understand how radial patterning occurs during regeneration of the maize root tip, we made two types of excisions and used ZmSCR expression as a mark ...
... After excision of the maize QC and root cap, the damaged root is capable of regenerating an intact root tip with a new QC (Feldman, 1976). To begin to understand how radial patterning occurs during regeneration of the maize root tip, we made two types of excisions and used ZmSCR expression as a mark ...
Co-Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana Phytochelatin Synthase and Treponema denticola
... (2001) functionally expressed a cysteine desulfhydrase (CysDes) from Treponema denticola in E. coli for the aerobic sulfide production and heavy metal precipitation using cysteine as the substrate. Apart from the formation of insoluble arsenic trisulfide (Newman et al., 1997), the formation of soluble ...
... (2001) functionally expressed a cysteine desulfhydrase (CysDes) from Treponema denticola in E. coli for the aerobic sulfide production and heavy metal precipitation using cysteine as the substrate. Apart from the formation of insoluble arsenic trisulfide (Newman et al., 1997), the formation of soluble ...
Does Crossover Interference Count in
... interference data collected from Drosophila and Neurospora were subjected to a best-fit analysis of the counting model (McPeek and Speed 1995) to determine the number of failures between adjacent “successes.” Foss et al. (1993) compared these numbers with the experimentally observed fraction of nonc ...
... interference data collected from Drosophila and Neurospora were subjected to a best-fit analysis of the counting model (McPeek and Speed 1995) to determine the number of failures between adjacent “successes.” Foss et al. (1993) compared these numbers with the experimentally observed fraction of nonc ...
Millius et al., J. Cell Sci., 2012 - Cardiovascular Research Institute
... within 1 mm of the leading edge (Fig. 2G,H). The distribution of p40 might be more restricted than either actin or WAVE2 for several reasons: other Arp2/3 complex activators such as WASP or N-WASP in combination with WAVE2 might further bias Arp2/3 to the cell periphery, or undersampling of WAVE2 pa ...
... within 1 mm of the leading edge (Fig. 2G,H). The distribution of p40 might be more restricted than either actin or WAVE2 for several reasons: other Arp2/3 complex activators such as WASP or N-WASP in combination with WAVE2 might further bias Arp2/3 to the cell periphery, or undersampling of WAVE2 pa ...
PDF
... (Figure 1). In one mechanism [herein designated intraperoxisomal degradation (IPD)], it is proposed that peroxisomal proteins are degraded by resident proteases. However, known peroxisomal proteases, which include Lon-related protease 2 (LON2), have not been implicated in full degradation of peroxis ...
... (Figure 1). In one mechanism [herein designated intraperoxisomal degradation (IPD)], it is proposed that peroxisomal proteins are degraded by resident proteases. However, known peroxisomal proteases, which include Lon-related protease 2 (LON2), have not been implicated in full degradation of peroxis ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.