Transcriptional Control of Endothelial Cell Development
... and KLF6 are also expressed in endothelial cells, and their expression is increased by sheer stress and vascular injury (Atkins and Jain, 2007; Botella et al., 2002; Hamik et al., 2007; Kojima et al., 2000; Yet et al., 1998). Interestingly, Krüppel-like factors are also expressed in endothelial cel ...
... and KLF6 are also expressed in endothelial cells, and their expression is increased by sheer stress and vascular injury (Atkins and Jain, 2007; Botella et al., 2002; Hamik et al., 2007; Kojima et al., 2000; Yet et al., 1998). Interestingly, Krüppel-like factors are also expressed in endothelial cel ...
T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for
... initial cell – bilayer contact (0 sec, Fig. 1B) and was sustained until the T cells fully spread (30 sec, Fig. 1B). The molecules moved centripetally and eventually became segregated into a canonical bull’s eye pattern with a center TCR island surrounded by CD28 and PD-1, with the latter partially e ...
... initial cell – bilayer contact (0 sec, Fig. 1B) and was sustained until the T cells fully spread (30 sec, Fig. 1B). The molecules moved centripetally and eventually became segregated into a canonical bull’s eye pattern with a center TCR island surrounded by CD28 and PD-1, with the latter partially e ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... liberation of D-alanine (14, 15, 31, 35). Penicillins and cephalosporins inhibit the transpeptidase from Escherichia coli in vitro (14, 15). In vivo experiments on the action of penicillin in E. coli (27) and Proteus mirabilis (17), however, did not show a decrease in cross-linkage. In the cell-free ...
... liberation of D-alanine (14, 15, 31, 35). Penicillins and cephalosporins inhibit the transpeptidase from Escherichia coli in vitro (14, 15). In vivo experiments on the action of penicillin in E. coli (27) and Proteus mirabilis (17), however, did not show a decrease in cross-linkage. In the cell-free ...
advanced electroporation techniques in biology and medicine
... small and large molecules, the fusion of cells, and the insertion of proteins into the cell membrane. At this optimization, auxiliary pulses are sometimes used, such as electrophoretic pulses for DNA and dielectrophoretic pulses for cell pearl chain formation in fusion. Nowadays, electroporation is ...
... small and large molecules, the fusion of cells, and the insertion of proteins into the cell membrane. At this optimization, auxiliary pulses are sometimes used, such as electrophoretic pulses for DNA and dielectrophoretic pulses for cell pearl chain formation in fusion. Nowadays, electroporation is ...
CELL WALLS OF GROWING PLANT CELLS
... cellulose microfibrils, cross-linked by xyloglucan and dispersed in a pectin matrix. It has been suggested that in the wall of growing plant cells, xyloglucan is bound to the rigid cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and holds the microfibrils together by forming molecular tethers, which is ref ...
... cellulose microfibrils, cross-linked by xyloglucan and dispersed in a pectin matrix. It has been suggested that in the wall of growing plant cells, xyloglucan is bound to the rigid cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and holds the microfibrils together by forming molecular tethers, which is ref ...
FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein associates
... Fig. 3. Analysis of FRAP immune-complex and localization of FRAP by subcellular fractionation studies. (A) Identification of components of PDH complex in FRAP immune-complexes. Jurkat cells were lysed as described in Materials and Methods and the cell lysate was used to isolate FRAP immune-complexes ...
... Fig. 3. Analysis of FRAP immune-complex and localization of FRAP by subcellular fractionation studies. (A) Identification of components of PDH complex in FRAP immune-complexes. Jurkat cells were lysed as described in Materials and Methods and the cell lysate was used to isolate FRAP immune-complexes ...
The journey of developing hematopoietic stem cells
... to go through the same developmental process as they do during embryogenesis. Thus, to learn how ‘stemness’ of HSCs can be established and maintained, it is crucial to define the cellular niches and key signals that support HSCs at each stage of development. The challenge of fetal hematopoiesis is t ...
... to go through the same developmental process as they do during embryogenesis. Thus, to learn how ‘stemness’ of HSCs can be established and maintained, it is crucial to define the cellular niches and key signals that support HSCs at each stage of development. The challenge of fetal hematopoiesis is t ...
Mast cells in Complement Dependant Tolerance
... which was described earlier by Noelle and colleagues [7]. In contrast to their observations we did not notice a difference between MC density in tolerant and rejecting grafts. In our model reduction of MC took place irrespective of the graft outcome. This reduction was restricted to the presence of ...
... which was described earlier by Noelle and colleagues [7]. In contrast to their observations we did not notice a difference between MC density in tolerant and rejecting grafts. In our model reduction of MC took place irrespective of the graft outcome. This reduction was restricted to the presence of ...
Introduction to fungi: Yeast and mould
... nature. Fungal cell is covered by cell wall. Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin. Chitin is a polysaccharide made up of N-acetyl glucosamine. Structure of Yeast: A single celled fungi ...
... nature. Fungal cell is covered by cell wall. Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin. Chitin is a polysaccharide made up of N-acetyl glucosamine. Structure of Yeast: A single celled fungi ...
Organellar channels and transporters
... cellular functions such as bioenergetics (mitochondria and chloroplasts). Ion channels and transporters are functionally present on the membranes of the aforementioned organelles [1,2]. A major function of organellar ion transport is to regulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which plays important ro ...
... cellular functions such as bioenergetics (mitochondria and chloroplasts). Ion channels and transporters are functionally present on the membranes of the aforementioned organelles [1,2]. A major function of organellar ion transport is to regulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which plays important ro ...
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: GENETIC REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGIC CELL... Sudeshna Dutta, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008
... the known caspase inhibitors in Drosophila (Hay et al., 1995). The cell death inducer genes head involution defective (hid), reaper (rpr), grim and sickle have also been identified and molecularly characterized (Chen et al., 1996; Grether et al., 1995; White et al., 1994). Ectopic expression of each ...
... the known caspase inhibitors in Drosophila (Hay et al., 1995). The cell death inducer genes head involution defective (hid), reaper (rpr), grim and sickle have also been identified and molecularly characterized (Chen et al., 1996; Grether et al., 1995; White et al., 1994). Ectopic expression of each ...
Formation of Persisting Cell Wall Deficient Forms of Mycobacterium
... bacterial cell walls and conversion to L-forms during phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages in guinea pigs. Although peritoneal macrophages are not typical niche for mycobacteria, we attempted to inhibit the classical bacterial forms and to induce occurrence of cell wall deficient forms by using an ...
... bacterial cell walls and conversion to L-forms during phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages in guinea pigs. Although peritoneal macrophages are not typical niche for mycobacteria, we attempted to inhibit the classical bacterial forms and to induce occurrence of cell wall deficient forms by using an ...
m o lo
... presence of plaques. The samples that were positive for the presence of plaques was attributed to the presence of bacteria and not cyanophages. SEM images of the plaques showed the presence five distinct morphotypes of bacteria. The plumb rodshaped bacilli were the most abundant and were found aggre ...
... presence of plaques. The samples that were positive for the presence of plaques was attributed to the presence of bacteria and not cyanophages. SEM images of the plaques showed the presence five distinct morphotypes of bacteria. The plumb rodshaped bacilli were the most abundant and were found aggre ...
Molecular Machinery Regulating Exocytosis
... despite there being less than 10% sequence identity between the individual proteins. These C-terminal domains consist of multiple rod-like helical bundles, which appear to be evolutionarily related molecular scaffolds that have diverged to create functionally distinct exocyst proteins (Sivaram, et a ...
... despite there being less than 10% sequence identity between the individual proteins. These C-terminal domains consist of multiple rod-like helical bundles, which appear to be evolutionarily related molecular scaffolds that have diverged to create functionally distinct exocyst proteins (Sivaram, et a ...
Antibody Binding to Cryptococcus neoformans Impairs Budding by
... based on turbidity measurements. No significant change in average budding rate could be detected between mAb-treated and untreated cells by time-lapse microscopy (within a 10-min SE). Binding of the protective mAb 18B7 (IgG1), however, prevented the full release of newly budded cells, trapping them ...
... based on turbidity measurements. No significant change in average budding rate could be detected between mAb-treated and untreated cells by time-lapse microscopy (within a 10-min SE). Binding of the protective mAb 18B7 (IgG1), however, prevented the full release of newly budded cells, trapping them ...
"Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Cell Surface Antigens". In
... cells. Later, the CD designations were used to describe the recognized molecules, but had to be clarified by attaching the term antigen or molecule to the designation (e.g., CD2 molecule; Knapp et al., 1989). Currently, CD2 is generally used to designate the molecule, and CD2 antibody is used to des ...
... cells. Later, the CD designations were used to describe the recognized molecules, but had to be clarified by attaching the term antigen or molecule to the designation (e.g., CD2 molecule; Knapp et al., 1989). Currently, CD2 is generally used to designate the molecule, and CD2 antibody is used to des ...
Avian erythrocytes have functional mitochondria, opening
... microscopy studies in birds suggested that mitochondria disappear during erythrocyte maturation [23-25], whereas others that removed haemoglobin report mitochondria persistence [19]. Because haemoglobin strongly interferes with light transmission in TEM and because its intra-cellular concentration i ...
... microscopy studies in birds suggested that mitochondria disappear during erythrocyte maturation [23-25], whereas others that removed haemoglobin report mitochondria persistence [19]. Because haemoglobin strongly interferes with light transmission in TEM and because its intra-cellular concentration i ...
Rat Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Show Specificity of
... swelling of ROS (29), while low temperature (4°C) and low pH (6.0) were used to minimize actin microfilament destruction by osmium tetroxide (39). Fixed cell colonies were stored overnight in 0.2 M cacodylate buffer conraining 7% sucrose. Coverslips were rinsed 2 x 5 min with water, dehydrated rapid ...
... swelling of ROS (29), while low temperature (4°C) and low pH (6.0) were used to minimize actin microfilament destruction by osmium tetroxide (39). Fixed cell colonies were stored overnight in 0.2 M cacodylate buffer conraining 7% sucrose. Coverslips were rinsed 2 x 5 min with water, dehydrated rapid ...
Extracellular Pectinolytic Enzymes of Fungi Elicit
... Preparation ojculture3ltrates. mycelial walls arld myceliul extracts. Culture filtrates were separated frotn mycelia by suction filtration. The filtrates were dialysed against several changes of water (4"C), sterilized by membrane filtration (Millipore filter GS 0.22 pm) and kept at - 30 "C until us ...
... Preparation ojculture3ltrates. mycelial walls arld myceliul extracts. Culture filtrates were separated frotn mycelia by suction filtration. The filtrates were dialysed against several changes of water (4"C), sterilized by membrane filtration (Millipore filter GS 0.22 pm) and kept at - 30 "C until us ...
Polarization of the endomembrane system is an early event in fucoid
... Control and treated zygotes remained labeled throughout the duration of the experiment. With time, DMSO-treated control zygotes gradually lost asymmetric labeling, probably because membrane trafficking redistributed dye to organelles that were more uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm [20, ...
... Control and treated zygotes remained labeled throughout the duration of the experiment. With time, DMSO-treated control zygotes gradually lost asymmetric labeling, probably because membrane trafficking redistributed dye to organelles that were more uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm [20, ...
Organ-Level Quorum Sensing Directs Regeneration in Hair Stem
... occurs at the same time as that within the injury field and not what is triggered significantly later by hair wave propagation). Careful examination of experimental data showed that a small rim of early regeneration indeed occurred just outside of some injury fields. Fitting the sizes of these rims ...
... occurs at the same time as that within the injury field and not what is triggered significantly later by hair wave propagation). Careful examination of experimental data showed that a small rim of early regeneration indeed occurred just outside of some injury fields. Fitting the sizes of these rims ...
Left-right axis determination - Izpisua Belmonte Lab
... beads embedded in the fluid flow proposed that the motion of cilia corresponds indeed to an asymmetric two-phase nonplanar beating which ensures the asymmetric flow.32 According to the nonplanar beating motion proposal, cilia move faster towards the left when moving far from the cell surface (effect ...
... beads embedded in the fluid flow proposed that the motion of cilia corresponds indeed to an asymmetric two-phase nonplanar beating which ensures the asymmetric flow.32 According to the nonplanar beating motion proposal, cilia move faster towards the left when moving far from the cell surface (effect ...
CHAPTER 5 THE MULTIPLIER 5.1 INTRODUCTION
... – and by shifting the result in the basis of the multiplier bit’s position. Similar to the familiar long hand decimal multiplication, binary multiplication involves the addition of shifted versions of the multiplicand based on the value and position of each of the multiplier bits. As a matter of fac ...
... – and by shifting the result in the basis of the multiplier bit’s position. Similar to the familiar long hand decimal multiplication, binary multiplication involves the addition of shifted versions of the multiplicand based on the value and position of each of the multiplier bits. As a matter of fac ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.