Ruditapes decussatus (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
... the phagocytic process can be subdivided into 4 steps: (1) chemotaxis, involving the attraction of the phagocyte to the non-self material, (2) recognition, involving the attachment of the foreign material to the surface of the phagocyte, (3) internalization, and (4) intracellular degradation. Light ...
... the phagocytic process can be subdivided into 4 steps: (1) chemotaxis, involving the attraction of the phagocyte to the non-self material, (2) recognition, involving the attachment of the foreign material to the surface of the phagocyte, (3) internalization, and (4) intracellular degradation. Light ...
High Speed, Low Power 8T Full Adder Cell with 45
... improved full adder cell using 8T which acquires least area and has least power dissipation along with the lowest transistor count. It also shows nearly 45% improvement in threshold loss problem compared to other circuits [1]-[8]. With the help of this adder cell, we can design an efficient and high ...
... improved full adder cell using 8T which acquires least area and has least power dissipation along with the lowest transistor count. It also shows nearly 45% improvement in threshold loss problem compared to other circuits [1]-[8]. With the help of this adder cell, we can design an efficient and high ...
Approach to the interpretation of endometrial biopsies and curettings
... many pathologists use three categories of endometrial hyperplasia—simple, complex and atypical. Morphological features of endometrial hyperplasia In a simple hyperplasia the normal gland to stroma ratio is maintained or there is slight increase. The endometrium shows proliferative activity, with cys ...
... many pathologists use three categories of endometrial hyperplasia—simple, complex and atypical. Morphological features of endometrial hyperplasia In a simple hyperplasia the normal gland to stroma ratio is maintained or there is slight increase. The endometrium shows proliferative activity, with cys ...
Proper Folding and Endoplasmic Reticulum to Golgi
... The abbreviations used are: ER, endoplasmic reticulum; TYR, tyrosinase; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol13-acetate; IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine; PBS, phosphatebuffered saline; CHAPS, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1propanesulfonate; Endo H, endoglycosidase H; ...
... The abbreviations used are: ER, endoplasmic reticulum; TYR, tyrosinase; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol13-acetate; IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine; PBS, phosphatebuffered saline; CHAPS, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1propanesulfonate; Endo H, endoglycosidase H; ...
Genetic Models of Mechanotransduction: The
... MscS and MscM are two additional mechanically gated channels in E. coli that show different pressure sensitivity, with MscM appearing less frequent in bacterial cells, compared with MscL and MscS, which are typically found in excess. MscS is relatively nonselective, displaying a slight preference fo ...
... MscS and MscM are two additional mechanically gated channels in E. coli that show different pressure sensitivity, with MscM appearing less frequent in bacterial cells, compared with MscL and MscS, which are typically found in excess. MscS is relatively nonselective, displaying a slight preference fo ...
Auxin and self-organization at the shoot apical
... Downloaded from http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/ at Smith College on July 9, 2014 ...
... Downloaded from http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/ at Smith College on July 9, 2014 ...
Organelle Assembly in Yeast: Characterization of
... to the gene for the normally secreted enzyme invertase (Inv) contain sufficient sorting information to divert delivery of enzymatically active Inv to the yeast vacuole (2, 21). Mutants have been selected that missort and secrete such CPY-Inv hybrid proteins. The 'x,600 mutants isolated thus far have ...
... to the gene for the normally secreted enzyme invertase (Inv) contain sufficient sorting information to divert delivery of enzymatically active Inv to the yeast vacuole (2, 21). Mutants have been selected that missort and secrete such CPY-Inv hybrid proteins. The 'x,600 mutants isolated thus far have ...
Promoting central nervous system regeneration: Lessons from
... OSNs, which are typical bipolar nerve cells. In addition to the apical dendrite that projects to the luminal surface of the OE, each OSN also gives rise to a single axon that leaves the epithelium through gaps in the basal lamina and projects to the main olfactory bulb via the olfactory nerve. At th ...
... OSNs, which are typical bipolar nerve cells. In addition to the apical dendrite that projects to the luminal surface of the OE, each OSN also gives rise to a single axon that leaves the epithelium through gaps in the basal lamina and projects to the main olfactory bulb via the olfactory nerve. At th ...
Myosin XI-K Is Required for Rapid Trafficking of
... and this myosin actually might belong in group VIII(B). Thus, at least seven lineages of class XI and VIII myosins appear to have been represented already in the common ancestor of Magnoliophyta, implying their early functional specialization. Duplication of myosin genes during plant evolution seems ...
... and this myosin actually might belong in group VIII(B). Thus, at least seven lineages of class XI and VIII myosins appear to have been represented already in the common ancestor of Magnoliophyta, implying their early functional specialization. Duplication of myosin genes during plant evolution seems ...
Actin and Myosin Function in Directed Vacuole Movement during
... expected to use common components, many of the proteins involved appear to be unique, since mutants that are defective in the inheritance of one organelle often show normal partitioning of others (34, 44, 53, 56, 58). Inheritance of the vacuole in S. cerevisiae serves as an excellent model for study ...
... expected to use common components, many of the proteins involved appear to be unique, since mutants that are defective in the inheritance of one organelle often show normal partitioning of others (34, 44, 53, 56, 58). Inheritance of the vacuole in S. cerevisiae serves as an excellent model for study ...
PDF - Wiley Online Library
... of bacteria by shaping their genome through horizontal gene transfer (Canchaya et al., 2003; Brüssow et al., 2004). Like all viruses, phages must parasitize host cells, in this case bacteria, to replicate. In the extracellular environment they exist as supramolecular structures called virions. Thes ...
... of bacteria by shaping their genome through horizontal gene transfer (Canchaya et al., 2003; Brüssow et al., 2004). Like all viruses, phages must parasitize host cells, in this case bacteria, to replicate. In the extracellular environment they exist as supramolecular structures called virions. Thes ...
Study of reactive oxygen species-induced ion transport in different models by using
... I would like to thank to all the members of the University of Cambridge, University of Hobart and the Fisiologia Vegetal lab, at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona that have support this work in different ways, specially to Dr Charlotte Poschenrieder and Dr Benet Gunsé, for their trust in my poss ...
... I would like to thank to all the members of the University of Cambridge, University of Hobart and the Fisiologia Vegetal lab, at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona that have support this work in different ways, specially to Dr Charlotte Poschenrieder and Dr Benet Gunsé, for their trust in my poss ...
The neutrophil in vascular inflammation
... that side of the vessel and that heparan sulfate was necessary for this process24. The heparan sulfate residues on the surface of endothelium prevent dissolution of the chemokine gradients into the blood and provide localized directional cues for crawling neutrophils24. These observations were made ...
... that side of the vessel and that heparan sulfate was necessary for this process24. The heparan sulfate residues on the surface of endothelium prevent dissolution of the chemokine gradients into the blood and provide localized directional cues for crawling neutrophils24. These observations were made ...
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[Project Name] Post
... 2- Numerous bone filling materials have been developed in which chitosan is used in combination with calcium phosphates,essentially as a binding agent, or associated to biological signaling molecules ...
... 2- Numerous bone filling materials have been developed in which chitosan is used in combination with calcium phosphates,essentially as a binding agent, or associated to biological signaling molecules ...
Sirtuins at a Glance - Journal of Cell Science
... receptor nuclear translocator-like 1; CDK1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1; CPS1, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1; CR, calorie restriction; CRTC2, cAMP responsive element binding protein regulated transcription coactivator 2; CtBP, C-terminal binding protein; CypD, cyclophilin D; Cyt c, cyctochrome c; D ...
... receptor nuclear translocator-like 1; CDK1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1; CPS1, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1; CR, calorie restriction; CRTC2, cAMP responsive element binding protein regulated transcription coactivator 2; CtBP, C-terminal binding protein; CypD, cyclophilin D; Cyt c, cyctochrome c; D ...
Structural Sterols Are Involved in Both the Initiation and Tip Growth
... glucosides in higher plants (Benveniste, 2005). Free sterols carrying a free 3-b-hydroxyl group, such as sitosterol, stigmasterol, and 24-methylcholesterol, are critical for the functioning of membranes (Hartmann, 2004). Cholesterol is a minor component in plants, and it is present only in certain t ...
... glucosides in higher plants (Benveniste, 2005). Free sterols carrying a free 3-b-hydroxyl group, such as sitosterol, stigmasterol, and 24-methylcholesterol, are critical for the functioning of membranes (Hartmann, 2004). Cholesterol is a minor component in plants, and it is present only in certain t ...
all-unit-learning-objectives
... action in response to the presence of foreign antigens Discuss the problem of tissue rejection ad explain how this is overcome in tissue transplantation Explain some of the cellular defense mechanisms plants use to protect themselves ...
... action in response to the presence of foreign antigens Discuss the problem of tissue rejection ad explain how this is overcome in tissue transplantation Explain some of the cellular defense mechanisms plants use to protect themselves ...
The basic helix–loop–helix protein BETA2 interacts with p300 to
... To examine whether p300 was involved in transcriptional activation of the secretin gene by BETA2, we used a previously described reporter gene that contains enhancer sequences from −209 to +32 in the secretin gene. This enhancer includes a single E box-binding site for BETA2. When coexpressed transi ...
... To examine whether p300 was involved in transcriptional activation of the secretin gene by BETA2, we used a previously described reporter gene that contains enhancer sequences from −209 to +32 in the secretin gene. This enhancer includes a single E box-binding site for BETA2. When coexpressed transi ...
Calcium homeostasis in plants
... to maintain normal growth and development (Epstein, 1972; Clarkson and Hanson, 1980). Calcium uptake by roots leads to millimolar concentrations of Ca2+ in plant tissues, and in most plants Ca is the second most abundant metal and the fifth most abundant element, after C, H, O and K (Epstein, 1972). ...
... to maintain normal growth and development (Epstein, 1972; Clarkson and Hanson, 1980). Calcium uptake by roots leads to millimolar concentrations of Ca2+ in plant tissues, and in most plants Ca is the second most abundant metal and the fifth most abundant element, after C, H, O and K (Epstein, 1972). ...
Full-Text PDF
... tube that lies dorsal to the notochord in all vertebrates. Over the last 25 years, multiple studies in amphibians, chick, mouse and zebrafish have established that SHH-GLI signalling is the key inducer of ventral identity in the embryonic CNS: graded levels of SHH induce the identity of motor neuron ...
... tube that lies dorsal to the notochord in all vertebrates. Over the last 25 years, multiple studies in amphibians, chick, mouse and zebrafish have established that SHH-GLI signalling is the key inducer of ventral identity in the embryonic CNS: graded levels of SHH induce the identity of motor neuron ...
Biology I End-of-Course
... According to their classification, which of the following animals are most closely related? A. Q and R This answer is not correct. The most closely related organisms share the greatest number of classification levels. Animals Q and R share only three classification levels, which is not the greatest ...
... According to their classification, which of the following animals are most closely related? A. Q and R This answer is not correct. The most closely related organisms share the greatest number of classification levels. Animals Q and R share only three classification levels, which is not the greatest ...
Plant Wnt: deciphering a novel signalling pathway
... and casein kinase I (CKI), which leads to the degradation of -catenin (an Armadillo repeat containing protein)34,35. In presence of Wnt protein, -catenin gets accumulated in the cytoplasm and then proceeds towards the nucleus, where it interacts with transcription factors like T-cell factor (T ...
... and casein kinase I (CKI), which leads to the degradation of -catenin (an Armadillo repeat containing protein)34,35. In presence of Wnt protein, -catenin gets accumulated in the cytoplasm and then proceeds towards the nucleus, where it interacts with transcription factors like T-cell factor (T ...
Endosomes/Lysosomes in Macrophages Fusion between
... was first agitated by pipetting and then treated with trypsin to remove target cells that were lightly attached to macrophages. The macrophages that remained attached to coverslips were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with hematoxylin as described previously (25). The numbers of macrophages contai ...
... was first agitated by pipetting and then treated with trypsin to remove target cells that were lightly attached to macrophages. The macrophages that remained attached to coverslips were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with hematoxylin as described previously (25). The numbers of macrophages contai ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.