Paramecium as a bioassay system for elucidation of cytotoxicity and
... eaten by other protozoa such as amoebas, didinia and other metazoan animals or their larvae (Porter et al, 1979; Taylor, 1980). Thus, CNF could move into food webs of aquatic ecosystems following ingestion by paramecia. The speed of a CNFcontaining food vacuole formation and the maximum number in a ...
... eaten by other protozoa such as amoebas, didinia and other metazoan animals or their larvae (Porter et al, 1979; Taylor, 1980). Thus, CNF could move into food webs of aquatic ecosystems following ingestion by paramecia. The speed of a CNFcontaining food vacuole formation and the maximum number in a ...
Multiple Wnts and Frizzled Receptors Regulate Anteriorly Directed
... In addition to neuronal cell migrations, we also examined guidance of the processes of two mechanosensory neurons, AVM and PVM. A single process from each neuron extends ventrally, enters the ventral nerve cord, and then turns anteriorly (Figures 2A and 2B). While these growth cones grow ventrally b ...
... In addition to neuronal cell migrations, we also examined guidance of the processes of two mechanosensory neurons, AVM and PVM. A single process from each neuron extends ventrally, enters the ventral nerve cord, and then turns anteriorly (Figures 2A and 2B). While these growth cones grow ventrally b ...
Accepted version - QMRO Home - Queen Mary University of London
... Although these data are based on comparisons of quite narrow ranges of donor cell survival (only <5% at the initial points studied), these may suggest that allogeneic MSCs can survive for a certain early period after transplantation, but are eventually rejected in a long term. We have recently repor ...
... Although these data are based on comparisons of quite narrow ranges of donor cell survival (only <5% at the initial points studied), these may suggest that allogeneic MSCs can survive for a certain early period after transplantation, but are eventually rejected in a long term. We have recently repor ...
Cooperation between the RING+B1-B2 and coiled-coil
... endogenous PML by provoking its delocalization from the NBs (Le et al., 1996). However, whether the ability of PML to suppress transformation in certain experimental systems re¯ects a more general function of growth suppression and whether and how this function is lost in APL remain to be establishe ...
... endogenous PML by provoking its delocalization from the NBs (Le et al., 1996). However, whether the ability of PML to suppress transformation in certain experimental systems re¯ects a more general function of growth suppression and whether and how this function is lost in APL remain to be establishe ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... fraction (0.1 to 0.5 mg protein), and were incubated at 22 OC. Unless otherwise stated, the reaction was stopped after 30 min by adding 2 vol. ethanol and the whole mixture was filtered through glass-fibre filters (Schleicher & Schull, no. 8; Dassel, F.R.G.). The filters and retained material were w ...
... fraction (0.1 to 0.5 mg protein), and were incubated at 22 OC. Unless otherwise stated, the reaction was stopped after 30 min by adding 2 vol. ethanol and the whole mixture was filtered through glass-fibre filters (Schleicher & Schull, no. 8; Dassel, F.R.G.). The filters and retained material were w ...
Targeted wild-type and jerker espins reveal a novel, WH2
... monomeric form (Fig. 3E). A similar result was obtained previously for espin 3A and espin 3B (Sekerková et al., 2004). Moreover, deletion of the 17-aa core also reduced the rapid recovery of photobleached GFP--actin observed throughout the length of the long microvilli of espin-expressing epithelia ...
... monomeric form (Fig. 3E). A similar result was obtained previously for espin 3A and espin 3B (Sekerková et al., 2004). Moreover, deletion of the 17-aa core also reduced the rapid recovery of photobleached GFP--actin observed throughout the length of the long microvilli of espin-expressing epithelia ...
the signaling role of the accessory receptors cd2 and cd6 in t cell
... include activation of protein kinases and phosphorylation of many substrates, including the TCR, and the formation of protein complexes containing adaptors and enzymes. These “proximal” events culminate in cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation and secretion of cytokines and growt ...
... include activation of protein kinases and phosphorylation of many substrates, including the TCR, and the formation of protein complexes containing adaptors and enzymes. These “proximal” events culminate in cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation and secretion of cytokines and growt ...
The RNase P Associated with HeLa Cell Mitochondria Contains an
... nuRNase P. Enzymatic activities involved in HeLa cell mitochondrial tRNA processing, in particular an RNase P-like activity, a 3⬘-tRNA precursor-processing endonuclease, and an ATP (CTP)-tRNA-specific nucleotidyltransferase, have been described and partially characterized by another group (51). A 5⬘ ...
... nuRNase P. Enzymatic activities involved in HeLa cell mitochondrial tRNA processing, in particular an RNase P-like activity, a 3⬘-tRNA precursor-processing endonuclease, and an ATP (CTP)-tRNA-specific nucleotidyltransferase, have been described and partially characterized by another group (51). A 5⬘ ...
Molecular mapping of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in focal
... of dSH2/FAK and dSH2/CAS showed a largely homogeneous distribution, indicating their almost identical localization in focal adhesions. Moreover, both molecules coimmunoprecipitated with dSH2-CFP (Fig. 3C), indicating that both FAK and CAS can associate with dSH2. Tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin ...
... of dSH2/FAK and dSH2/CAS showed a largely homogeneous distribution, indicating their almost identical localization in focal adhesions. Moreover, both molecules coimmunoprecipitated with dSH2-CFP (Fig. 3C), indicating that both FAK and CAS can associate with dSH2. Tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin ...
Dissecting stimulus-specific Ca2+ signals in amyloplasts and
... intracellular Ca2+ dynamics is still poorly understood, including that of chloroplasts, organelles peculiar to the plant cell. It has long been known that Ca2+ is involved in the modulation of photosynthesis (for a recent review, see e.g. Hochmal et al., 2015), as well as in other plastidial process ...
... intracellular Ca2+ dynamics is still poorly understood, including that of chloroplasts, organelles peculiar to the plant cell. It has long been known that Ca2+ is involved in the modulation of photosynthesis (for a recent review, see e.g. Hochmal et al., 2015), as well as in other plastidial process ...
Direct detection of ligand–protein interaction using AFM
... Functions in living organisms depend on physical phenomena. One of them, adhesion occurs between an enormous number of different proteins. The physical contact enables cells to resist and transmit mechanical forces and to maintain the integrity of tissues and the whole organism. Moreover, cells use ...
... Functions in living organisms depend on physical phenomena. One of them, adhesion occurs between an enormous number of different proteins. The physical contact enables cells to resist and transmit mechanical forces and to maintain the integrity of tissues and the whole organism. Moreover, cells use ...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vprmediated G2 cell cycle
... been found to enhance the nuclear migration of the preintegration complex (PIC) in newly infected non-dividing cells (Heinzinger et al., 1994). Both the presence of Vpr in the virion and its function in nuclear import account for the requirement for Vpr for ef®cient replication of HIV-1 in non-divid ...
... been found to enhance the nuclear migration of the preintegration complex (PIC) in newly infected non-dividing cells (Heinzinger et al., 1994). Both the presence of Vpr in the virion and its function in nuclear import account for the requirement for Vpr for ef®cient replication of HIV-1 in non-divid ...
Communications between Mitochondria, the Nucleus, Vacuoles
... are detected by a distinct set of checkpoint-specific proteins called “master regulators” (Arlia-Ciommo et al., 2014a; Beach et al., 2015a). Our model further posits that each of these master regulators can respond to a change of the detected key metabolite by altering the rate and efficiency of a c ...
... are detected by a distinct set of checkpoint-specific proteins called “master regulators” (Arlia-Ciommo et al., 2014a; Beach et al., 2015a). Our model further posits that each of these master regulators can respond to a change of the detected key metabolite by altering the rate and efficiency of a c ...
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... hyposmotic stress, this indicates that they are probably activated sequentially to provide a gradual efflux conduit (147, 168). Studies of the E. coli MscS channel structure demonstrated that it folds as heptamer with three transmembrane helices (TM1–3) in each subunit (22). 2. Mechanically gated io ...
... hyposmotic stress, this indicates that they are probably activated sequentially to provide a gradual efflux conduit (147, 168). Studies of the E. coli MscS channel structure demonstrated that it folds as heptamer with three transmembrane helices (TM1–3) in each subunit (22). 2. Mechanically gated io ...
Involvement of the Sieve Element Cytoskeleton in
... cytoskeleton in SEs. Despite the massive circumstantial evidence, however, a complete cytoskeleton network and its spatial distribution in SEs have not been visually documented thus far. The existence of an SE cytoskeleton would raise questions regarding its task(s) in this highly specialized cell t ...
... cytoskeleton in SEs. Despite the massive circumstantial evidence, however, a complete cytoskeleton network and its spatial distribution in SEs have not been visually documented thus far. The existence of an SE cytoskeleton would raise questions regarding its task(s) in this highly specialized cell t ...
Chediak-Higashi–Like Granules in Acute
... Fig 1. (A1) Two neutrophils from a case of APL with CH-like granules. The promyelocytes looks normal in all parameters except in the primary granules. They are more abundant than normally seen; they are immature, different sized, and there is no dark purple of blue mature azure granules. The PMN loo ...
... Fig 1. (A1) Two neutrophils from a case of APL with CH-like granules. The promyelocytes looks normal in all parameters except in the primary granules. They are more abundant than normally seen; they are immature, different sized, and there is no dark purple of blue mature azure granules. The PMN loo ...
2 common staining technique
... image. Stains and dyes are frequently used in biological tissues for viewing, often with the aid of different microscopes. Stains may be used to define and examine bulk tissues (highlighting, for example, muscle fibers or connective tissue), cell populations (classifying different blood cells, for i ...
... image. Stains and dyes are frequently used in biological tissues for viewing, often with the aid of different microscopes. Stains may be used to define and examine bulk tissues (highlighting, for example, muscle fibers or connective tissue), cell populations (classifying different blood cells, for i ...
A three-stage model of Golgi structure and function
... differentiating between Golgi cisternae has been the polarized distribution of processing and biosynthetic enzymes. N-linked oligosaccharides are modified by a series of Golgi-resident glycosylation enzymes that reside at characteristic locations within the stack (Ruiz-May et al. 2012; Stanley 2011) ...
... differentiating between Golgi cisternae has been the polarized distribution of processing and biosynthetic enzymes. N-linked oligosaccharides are modified by a series of Golgi-resident glycosylation enzymes that reside at characteristic locations within the stack (Ruiz-May et al. 2012; Stanley 2011) ...
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... (NotoCM) - two complete notochords (dissociated or whole explants); (c) Neural tube (NTCM) - two complete neural tubes (dissociated); (d) Unsegmented mesoderm (UMCM) - two caudal slabs of unsegmented mesoderm from two embryos (dissociated). For each experiment medium from five culture chambers was p ...
... (NotoCM) - two complete notochords (dissociated or whole explants); (c) Neural tube (NTCM) - two complete neural tubes (dissociated); (d) Unsegmented mesoderm (UMCM) - two caudal slabs of unsegmented mesoderm from two embryos (dissociated). For each experiment medium from five culture chambers was p ...
Space to grow: interplay between growth and patterning in plant
... mechanical signals during morphogenesis. Morphogenesis is also based on pattern formation, or patterning, which can be understood as the development of multicellular structures [4]. Thus, patterning is the regular organization of differentiated cells in a functional structure. In angiosperms (see Bo ...
... mechanical signals during morphogenesis. Morphogenesis is also based on pattern formation, or patterning, which can be understood as the development of multicellular structures [4]. Thus, patterning is the regular organization of differentiated cells in a functional structure. In angiosperms (see Bo ...
Theoretical analysis of the stages in bacterial lag phase
... cell density linked to a lag in total biomass (Section 4.3.4), increasing the complexity of the global lag phase. During the lag phase in cell density we can distinguish two subsequent stages: an initial phase PI(N ) and a transition phase PT (N ) (Table 4.1). The existence and duration of each phas ...
... cell density linked to a lag in total biomass (Section 4.3.4), increasing the complexity of the global lag phase. During the lag phase in cell density we can distinguish two subsequent stages: an initial phase PI(N ) and a transition phase PT (N ) (Table 4.1). The existence and duration of each phas ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.