Sialic Acid Binding Domains of CD22 Are Required For Negative
... binding domain or introduction of two point mutations, (R130A and R137E), diminishes the negative regulatory function of CD22. This means that the ectodomains of CD22 are required for full function. We favor the hypothesis that this loss of function is directly due to the loss of binding to a sialic ...
... binding domain or introduction of two point mutations, (R130A and R137E), diminishes the negative regulatory function of CD22. This means that the ectodomains of CD22 are required for full function. We favor the hypothesis that this loss of function is directly due to the loss of binding to a sialic ...
The consequences of Rad51 overexpression for normal and tumor
... not only through an interaction with the sister chromatid or the homolog chromosome, but also with repeats on nonhomolog chromosomes (sometimes called ectopic HR). Ectopic HR can result in genomic rearrangements and instability. It follows then that mitotic HR must be regulated to ensure that DSB re ...
... not only through an interaction with the sister chromatid or the homolog chromosome, but also with repeats on nonhomolog chromosomes (sometimes called ectopic HR). Ectopic HR can result in genomic rearrangements and instability. It follows then that mitotic HR must be regulated to ensure that DSB re ...
Disruption of morphogenesis and transformation of
... mediating the earliest developmental interactions in plant embryogenesis are not known. We propose that the suspensor and embryo proper comprise an attractive system for identifying molecular mechanisms that mediate developmental interactions during early embryogenesis. In most flowering plants, the ...
... mediating the earliest developmental interactions in plant embryogenesis are not known. We propose that the suspensor and embryo proper comprise an attractive system for identifying molecular mechanisms that mediate developmental interactions during early embryogenesis. In most flowering plants, the ...
Cell-Mediated Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in
... higher plants, the distribution of crystals, like their morphology, follows species-specific patterns, indicating regulation over the sites and modes of calcium oxalate accumulation (Arnott and Pautard, 1970). Why and how do different plants make such diverse crystals from the same chemical substanc ...
... higher plants, the distribution of crystals, like their morphology, follows species-specific patterns, indicating regulation over the sites and modes of calcium oxalate accumulation (Arnott and Pautard, 1970). Why and how do different plants make such diverse crystals from the same chemical substanc ...
Original Article Intracellular zinc distribution in mitochondria, ER and
... live cells remains elusive. Previously we showed the release of zinc from thapsigargin/IP3-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) storage in cortical neurons. In the present study, we investigated if other cellular organelles also contain free chelatable zinc and function as organelle storage for zinc ...
... live cells remains elusive. Previously we showed the release of zinc from thapsigargin/IP3-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) storage in cortical neurons. In the present study, we investigated if other cellular organelles also contain free chelatable zinc and function as organelle storage for zinc ...
The anorexigenic cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates
... CNTF and its receptor subunits are expressed in anorexigenic neurons of the ARC. We have demonstrated previously that CNTF was expressed in 90% of astrocytes and 75% of neurons in the rat ARC (57). Because CNTF administration decreases food intake, we addressed the possibility for the cytokine to be ...
... CNTF and its receptor subunits are expressed in anorexigenic neurons of the ARC. We have demonstrated previously that CNTF was expressed in 90% of astrocytes and 75% of neurons in the rat ARC (57). Because CNTF administration decreases food intake, we addressed the possibility for the cytokine to be ...
Cellulose Biosynthesis in Oomycetes
... Phytophthora infestans, the cause of potato blight, belongs to the well studied plant pathogenic genus Phytophthora (Agrios, 2005). More than 100 years after the infamous Irish famine caused by the potato late blight, Oomycetes still represent an important problem in agriculture. The losses du ...
... Phytophthora infestans, the cause of potato blight, belongs to the well studied plant pathogenic genus Phytophthora (Agrios, 2005). More than 100 years after the infamous Irish famine caused by the potato late blight, Oomycetes still represent an important problem in agriculture. The losses du ...
The Aspergillus fumigatus cspA Gene Encoding a Repeat
... cspA (for cell surface protein A) encodes a repeat-rich glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall protein (CWP) in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The number of repeats in cspA varies among isolates, and this trait is used for typing closely related strains of A. fumigatus. We ...
... cspA (for cell surface protein A) encodes a repeat-rich glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall protein (CWP) in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The number of repeats in cspA varies among isolates, and this trait is used for typing closely related strains of A. fumigatus. We ...
Eucalyptus grandis cellulose synthase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana MARJA M. O’NEILL
... proteins by analysing plant development and cell wall chemistry in plants with mutated CesA genes. Although Arabidopsis does not form large quantities of secondary xylem, it has been shown to undergo secondary growth under certain conditions. Availability of the full genome sequence, ease of transfo ...
... proteins by analysing plant development and cell wall chemistry in plants with mutated CesA genes. Although Arabidopsis does not form large quantities of secondary xylem, it has been shown to undergo secondary growth under certain conditions. Availability of the full genome sequence, ease of transfo ...
Nitric oxide is essential for vesicle formation and
... novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of and are reminiscent NO-depleted root hairs from the Arabidopsis WT. Interestingly, normal formation interphase nuclei andofapoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The ...
... novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of and are reminiscent NO-depleted root hairs from the Arabidopsis WT. Interestingly, normal formation interphase nuclei andofapoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The ...
DC-derived exosomes bear molecules involved in
... extracellular exosomes with DC is unknown. Although there is evidence that exosomes may transfer functional MHC-I/peptide complexes to DC 24, it is unclear whether exosomes cluster or fuse with DC, or if they are internalized and processed, as occurs with vesicles derived from apoptotic cells 2-5. H ...
... extracellular exosomes with DC is unknown. Although there is evidence that exosomes may transfer functional MHC-I/peptide complexes to DC 24, it is unclear whether exosomes cluster or fuse with DC, or if they are internalized and processed, as occurs with vesicles derived from apoptotic cells 2-5. H ...
Apoptotic and Epigenetic Induction of Embryo Failure Following
... demonstrated that each cell of an embryo contained the entire complement of genes necessary to carry out development. He accomplished this by separating individual blastomeres from developing sea urchin embryos and observed that each blastomere had the capacity to develop into a separate embryo (Spe ...
... demonstrated that each cell of an embryo contained the entire complement of genes necessary to carry out development. He accomplished this by separating individual blastomeres from developing sea urchin embryos and observed that each blastomere had the capacity to develop into a separate embryo (Spe ...
Cytochrome c Release and Apoptosis Induced by Mitochondrial
... for 30 min caused association of GFP-TR3 with mitochondria, accompanied by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. We investigated modulation of apoptosis by TR3/⌬1, because a TR3 mutant lacking the NH2-terminal A/B domain acted as a dominant-negative inhibitor of the TR3-induced apoptosis in ...
... for 30 min caused association of GFP-TR3 with mitochondria, accompanied by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. We investigated modulation of apoptosis by TR3/⌬1, because a TR3 mutant lacking the NH2-terminal A/B domain acted as a dominant-negative inhibitor of the TR3-induced apoptosis in ...
Altered & Disordered Physiology - CH 056
... Unconjugated Bilirubin • Bilirubin, bound onto albumin, prior to processing in the liver is often referred to as ‘unconjugated’. • Unconjugated bilirubin, bound onto albumin, is non-toxic and remains in solution for its transportation, in the blood, to the liver for processing. • A small amount, 20 ...
... Unconjugated Bilirubin • Bilirubin, bound onto albumin, prior to processing in the liver is often referred to as ‘unconjugated’. • Unconjugated bilirubin, bound onto albumin, is non-toxic and remains in solution for its transportation, in the blood, to the liver for processing. • A small amount, 20 ...
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... growth rate’, which is a scalar quantity and defines changes in area or volume around the focal position (Fig. 1B). We stress that the tissue growth rate is a quantity at the tissue scale; whereas, at the cellular level, the cell proliferation rate is the major determinant of the tissue growth rate. ...
... growth rate’, which is a scalar quantity and defines changes in area or volume around the focal position (Fig. 1B). We stress that the tissue growth rate is a quantity at the tissue scale; whereas, at the cellular level, the cell proliferation rate is the major determinant of the tissue growth rate. ...
Cdc6 in S phase in human cells - Journal of Cell Science
... Crm1-dependent export (Nishi et al., 1994). In several immunofluorescence experiments with this drug, we detected no increase in protein in the nucleus (Fig. 1A, +leptomycin B) implying that in late G1, nuclear protein export does not control nuclear Cdc6 levels. However, as a number of soluble expo ...
... Crm1-dependent export (Nishi et al., 1994). In several immunofluorescence experiments with this drug, we detected no increase in protein in the nucleus (Fig. 1A, +leptomycin B) implying that in late G1, nuclear protein export does not control nuclear Cdc6 levels. However, as a number of soluble expo ...
Dynamic balance between vesicle transport and
... experimental data from the literature to model in depth the various SCPs in each type and how they interacted. We developed analytical solutions that allowed us to calculate the relative relationships between different SCPs in a type that is needed to achieve overall balance between microtubule grow ...
... experimental data from the literature to model in depth the various SCPs in each type and how they interacted. We developed analytical solutions that allowed us to calculate the relative relationships between different SCPs in a type that is needed to achieve overall balance between microtubule grow ...
Physiological assembly and activity of human
... and cancer (Vulliamy et al., 2006). These diverse clinical presentations are just an inkling of the much greater phenotypic diversity that may be linked to telomere maintenance deficiency in the future. The spectrum of phenotypes can be much broader than currently anticipated, because mutations that ...
... and cancer (Vulliamy et al., 2006). These diverse clinical presentations are just an inkling of the much greater phenotypic diversity that may be linked to telomere maintenance deficiency in the future. The spectrum of phenotypes can be much broader than currently anticipated, because mutations that ...
ANTAGONISM OF Bacillus spp. TOWARDS Microcystis aeruginosa Philosophiae Doctor
... light harvesting system, to capture as much light as possible to enable it to carry out photosynthesis and it accumulated storage granules such as phosphate bodies, glycogen and cyanophycin and swollen cells. Other researchers have also reported the swelling phenomenon prior to cell lysis but did no ...
... light harvesting system, to capture as much light as possible to enable it to carry out photosynthesis and it accumulated storage granules such as phosphate bodies, glycogen and cyanophycin and swollen cells. Other researchers have also reported the swelling phenomenon prior to cell lysis but did no ...
Ways of Ion Channel Gating in Plant Cells
... extracellular signals (Braun and Walker, 1996; Trewavas and Malho, 1997). PCR, advanced homology-based cloning and function-complementation techniques have already led to identi®cation of more than 70 plant protein kinase genes (Stone and Walker, 1995). However, the precise function of speci®c prote ...
... extracellular signals (Braun and Walker, 1996; Trewavas and Malho, 1997). PCR, advanced homology-based cloning and function-complementation techniques have already led to identi®cation of more than 70 plant protein kinase genes (Stone and Walker, 1995). However, the precise function of speci®c prote ...
Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity and Growth by Drosophila
... show strong genetic interactions. Our data indicate that the three tumor suppressors act together in a common pathway to regulate cell polarity and growth control. Cells in epithelial sheets are characterized by columnar or cuboidal shape, strong cell-cell adhesion, and pronounced apicobasal polarit ...
... show strong genetic interactions. Our data indicate that the three tumor suppressors act together in a common pathway to regulate cell polarity and growth control. Cells in epithelial sheets are characterized by columnar or cuboidal shape, strong cell-cell adhesion, and pronounced apicobasal polarit ...
Arrested Differentiation of Proplastids into Chloroplasts in
... from the tip to the middle part of the FTL at 6 d. These data suggested that this is the stage where cells are destined to undergo normal chloroplast differentiation or a possible arrest of thylakoid development (feature 1, Fig. 6). Secondly, cells in green sectors form normal chloroplasts, but this ...
... from the tip to the middle part of the FTL at 6 d. These data suggested that this is the stage where cells are destined to undergo normal chloroplast differentiation or a possible arrest of thylakoid development (feature 1, Fig. 6). Secondly, cells in green sectors form normal chloroplasts, but this ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.