Pancreas or liver choice within endoderm
... Temporal and spatial relation between pancreas and liver specification We first sought to define the exact time and place where the earliest markers of the pancreas and liver are activated. RT-PCR was used to investigate Pdx1 gene expression in endoderm fragments dissected from the ventral foregut o ...
... Temporal and spatial relation between pancreas and liver specification We first sought to define the exact time and place where the earliest markers of the pancreas and liver are activated. RT-PCR was used to investigate Pdx1 gene expression in endoderm fragments dissected from the ventral foregut o ...
Saliva of the Lyme Disease Vector, Lxodes dammini, Blocks
... disease, contains apyrase, PGE2, and prostacyclin which may prevent hemostasis and inflammation such that blood flow is enhanced (2-4). Second, because of the long period of time the tick remains attached to the host, certain hosts (especially unnatural ones [5]) are successful in mounting a nonspec ...
... disease, contains apyrase, PGE2, and prostacyclin which may prevent hemostasis and inflammation such that blood flow is enhanced (2-4). Second, because of the long period of time the tick remains attached to the host, certain hosts (especially unnatural ones [5]) are successful in mounting a nonspec ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... a major hurdle in treatment of infective diseases. We aimed to develop an efficient drug delivery system for combating infection caused by Salmonella, a well-known intracellular and intraphagosomal pathogen. Chitosan – dextran sulphate (CD) nanocapsules were assessed for their efficiency in deliveri ...
... a major hurdle in treatment of infective diseases. We aimed to develop an efficient drug delivery system for combating infection caused by Salmonella, a well-known intracellular and intraphagosomal pathogen. Chitosan – dextran sulphate (CD) nanocapsules were assessed for their efficiency in deliveri ...
Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate NOX 4 anion superoxide
... anion. In order to demonstrate the production of superoxide by fibroblasts triggered by fatty acids, we performed LC/MS analysis of E OH+ on different samples including culture media and cells. As a positive control for superoxide anion production, we used a xanthine–XO assay for which typical chrom ...
... anion. In order to demonstrate the production of superoxide by fibroblasts triggered by fatty acids, we performed LC/MS analysis of E OH+ on different samples including culture media and cells. As a positive control for superoxide anion production, we used a xanthine–XO assay for which typical chrom ...
Formation and excretion of autophagic plastids (plastolysomes) in
... The change in developmental fate of microspores reprogrammed toward embryogenesis is a complex but fascinating experimental system where microspores undergo dramatic changes derived from the developmental switch. After 40 years of study of the ultrastructural changes undergone by the induced microsp ...
... The change in developmental fate of microspores reprogrammed toward embryogenesis is a complex but fascinating experimental system where microspores undergo dramatic changes derived from the developmental switch. After 40 years of study of the ultrastructural changes undergone by the induced microsp ...
Cell fate specification and polarisation in mouse preimplantation
... Fgfr/Erk signalling is known to be required for specification of the primitive endoderm, but its role in polarisation of this tissue is less well understood. To investigate the function of this pathway in the primitive endoderm, embryoid bodies were cultured in the presence of a small molecule inhib ...
... Fgfr/Erk signalling is known to be required for specification of the primitive endoderm, but its role in polarisation of this tissue is less well understood. To investigate the function of this pathway in the primitive endoderm, embryoid bodies were cultured in the presence of a small molecule inhib ...
Staphylococcus aureus Response to Neutrophil Extracellular Trap
... due to the fact that eosinophils extruded mitochondrial not nuclear DNA. The same group also reported that neutrophils, primed with GM-CSF, would then respond to LPS or C5a by releasing mitochondrial DNA via an oxidant-mediated event (12). In this way, a neutrophil could release NETs but retain its ...
... due to the fact that eosinophils extruded mitochondrial not nuclear DNA. The same group also reported that neutrophils, primed with GM-CSF, would then respond to LPS or C5a by releasing mitochondrial DNA via an oxidant-mediated event (12). In this way, a neutrophil could release NETs but retain its ...
Cornell University, 1989 M.S. Environmental Engineering Stanford University, 1990
... coastal waters during February 1997............................................................153 Fig. 10: Relationships between slope of the Prob(V 2 v) plots () and Nitrate + nitrite (N+N), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and total chlorophyll a (Chl a)......................................... ...
... coastal waters during February 1997............................................................153 Fig. 10: Relationships between slope of the Prob(V 2 v) plots () and Nitrate + nitrite (N+N), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and total chlorophyll a (Chl a)......................................... ...
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome: a
... of interphase cells, and that spreads throughout the cytoplasm and associates with parts of the spindle apparatus during mitosis. Without APC/C, cells cannot separate their sister chromatids in anaphase, they cannot exit from mitosis and divide into two daughter cells, and they cannot initiate the s ...
... of interphase cells, and that spreads throughout the cytoplasm and associates with parts of the spindle apparatus during mitosis. Without APC/C, cells cannot separate their sister chromatids in anaphase, they cannot exit from mitosis and divide into two daughter cells, and they cannot initiate the s ...
Inhibition of Golgi function causes plastid starch accumulation
... BFA (Hummel et al., 2007). Plastids in this single-cell green alga are morphologically different from those in BY-2 cells and photosynthetically active tissues in higher plants, in the sense that Chlamydomonas has only one cup-shaped plastid per cell occupying more than half of the intracellular spa ...
... BFA (Hummel et al., 2007). Plastids in this single-cell green alga are morphologically different from those in BY-2 cells and photosynthetically active tissues in higher plants, in the sense that Chlamydomonas has only one cup-shaped plastid per cell occupying more than half of the intracellular spa ...
Further analysis on lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+
... Lidocaine augmented FluoZin-3 fluorescence of rat thymocytes, suggesting the increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration. However, the mechanism for lidocaine-induced increase in the intensity of FluoZin-3 fluorescence was not elucidated. In this study, in order to reveal the mechanism, the effects ...
... Lidocaine augmented FluoZin-3 fluorescence of rat thymocytes, suggesting the increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration. However, the mechanism for lidocaine-induced increase in the intensity of FluoZin-3 fluorescence was not elucidated. In this study, in order to reveal the mechanism, the effects ...
Bioreactor landfills: experimental and field results
... brought to field capacity (45% by volume) by adding tap water to the bioreactor cells daily, until the amount of leachate collected from the cell equaled the amount of water added the previous day. Leachate was recirculated three times a week for the first 6-month period, which corresponds to a volume ...
... brought to field capacity (45% by volume) by adding tap water to the bioreactor cells daily, until the amount of leachate collected from the cell equaled the amount of water added the previous day. Leachate was recirculated three times a week for the first 6-month period, which corresponds to a volume ...
Subcellular trafficking kinetics of GLUT4 mutated at the N
... C-(LL-AA) transporter appears to be mainly due to poor intracellular retention. These results are also considered in terms of a consecutive intracellular pool model in which GLUT4 targeting domains alter the distribution between recycling endosomes and a slowly recycling compartment. In this case th ...
... C-(LL-AA) transporter appears to be mainly due to poor intracellular retention. These results are also considered in terms of a consecutive intracellular pool model in which GLUT4 targeting domains alter the distribution between recycling endosomes and a slowly recycling compartment. In this case th ...
Exploiting the chick embryonic environment to reprogram
... gland; and others non-neural, such as the meninges and tail. Cells injected at E6 do not show such targeting, integrating into various tissues such as the liver, kidney and meninges. The cells respond to their respective microenvironments, and in sympathetic ganglia some cells differentiate, show re ...
... gland; and others non-neural, such as the meninges and tail. Cells injected at E6 do not show such targeting, integrating into various tissues such as the liver, kidney and meninges. The cells respond to their respective microenvironments, and in sympathetic ganglia some cells differentiate, show re ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants Auxins are a class of
... based upon auxin distribution is apical dominance, which means that the auxin produced by the apical bud (or growing tip) diffuses downwards and inhibits the development of ulterior lateral bud growth, which would otherwise compete with the apical tip for light and nutrients. Removing the apical tip ...
... based upon auxin distribution is apical dominance, which means that the auxin produced by the apical bud (or growing tip) diffuses downwards and inhibits the development of ulterior lateral bud growth, which would otherwise compete with the apical tip for light and nutrients. Removing the apical tip ...
Effect of ABA signalling in primary cell wall Minor Thesis Report
... a heterogeneous group of polysaccharides formed by different biosynthetic routes from cellulose. Most of hemicelluloses are functioning like cellulose, to support the material within the plant primary cell wall which together forming complex and dynamic structure controlling cell shape and plant mor ...
... a heterogeneous group of polysaccharides formed by different biosynthetic routes from cellulose. Most of hemicelluloses are functioning like cellulose, to support the material within the plant primary cell wall which together forming complex and dynamic structure controlling cell shape and plant mor ...
LIINA JAKOBSON The roles of abscisic acid, CO , and the cuticle in
... exchange to the stomata. The cuticle is also essential in other agricultural aspects, such as resistance to pathogens or fruit cracking. Cuticular permeability can be adjusted in response to different environmental factors. The major constituent of the cuticle is the cutin, which accounts for 40%–80 ...
... exchange to the stomata. The cuticle is also essential in other agricultural aspects, such as resistance to pathogens or fruit cracking. Cuticular permeability can be adjusted in response to different environmental factors. The major constituent of the cuticle is the cutin, which accounts for 40%–80 ...
The association of sore throat and psoriasis might be explained by
... frequency of skin-homing [cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA+)] CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and this correlated significantly with their frequency of blood CLA+ T cells. The psoriasis patients also had a higher frequency of tonsil T cells expressing the interleukin (IL)-23 receptor that was exp ...
... frequency of skin-homing [cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA+)] CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and this correlated significantly with their frequency of blood CLA+ T cells. The psoriasis patients also had a higher frequency of tonsil T cells expressing the interleukin (IL)-23 receptor that was exp ...
a va i l a b l e a t... w w w. e l s e v i e...
... evolved [7,8,10]. However, a nuclear function for Delta in a relevant biological context remains to be demonstrated and thus it is uncertain if Delta is a substrate for a classical RIP mechanism. Despite recent advancements, the mechanism of Delta cleavage is not completely understood. Drosophila De ...
... evolved [7,8,10]. However, a nuclear function for Delta in a relevant biological context remains to be demonstrated and thus it is uncertain if Delta is a substrate for a classical RIP mechanism. Despite recent advancements, the mechanism of Delta cleavage is not completely understood. Drosophila De ...
Enzymes That Scavenge Reactive Oxygen
... in the amount of ROS (Dorey et al., 1998; Mittler et al., 1998). Additional support for a role of ROS in pathogen-induced cell death comes from experiments with tobacco plants expressing antisense CAT or antisense APX (Mittler et al., 1999). These plants were hyper-responsive to pathogen attack. The ...
... in the amount of ROS (Dorey et al., 1998; Mittler et al., 1998). Additional support for a role of ROS in pathogen-induced cell death comes from experiments with tobacco plants expressing antisense CAT or antisense APX (Mittler et al., 1999). These plants were hyper-responsive to pathogen attack. The ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics
... localizes to the inner surface of the cell membrane at division sites, where it forms a ring structure (Z ring) that enables constriction and scission of the parent into two daughter cells. FtsZ is a GTPase, which can hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate to provide a source of energy. However, it is tho ...
... localizes to the inner surface of the cell membrane at division sites, where it forms a ring structure (Z ring) that enables constriction and scission of the parent into two daughter cells. FtsZ is a GTPase, which can hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate to provide a source of energy. However, it is tho ...
Ion Changes in Legume Root Hairs Responding to Nod
... charge balance would be provided by K⫹ efflux and re-polarization through the activity of the H⫹ pump, two general features of most plant electrophysiological responses. Felle et al. have since demonstrated the necessity of the rise in cytosolic Ca2⫹ for activation of downstream events such as Cl⫺ e ...
... charge balance would be provided by K⫹ efflux and re-polarization through the activity of the H⫹ pump, two general features of most plant electrophysiological responses. Felle et al. have since demonstrated the necessity of the rise in cytosolic Ca2⫹ for activation of downstream events such as Cl⫺ e ...
Left–right asymmetry: cilia stir up new surprises in the node
... Cilia are microtubule-based hair-like organelles that project from the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play critical roles in cellular motility, fluid transport and a variety of signal transduction pathways. While we have a good appreciation of the mechanisms of ciliary biogenesis and the det ...
... Cilia are microtubule-based hair-like organelles that project from the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play critical roles in cellular motility, fluid transport and a variety of signal transduction pathways. While we have a good appreciation of the mechanisms of ciliary biogenesis and the det ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.