Cytoskeleton: What Does GTP Do for Septins? Dispatch
... CDC10, CDC11 and CDC12 — required for normal bud morphology. Subsequent work suggested that septins are the building blocks of the neck filaments which organize the thin neck of cytoplasm separating the mother and bud. [1]. Septins are also present in metazoan cells, where they are required for cyto ...
... CDC10, CDC11 and CDC12 — required for normal bud morphology. Subsequent work suggested that septins are the building blocks of the neck filaments which organize the thin neck of cytoplasm separating the mother and bud. [1]. Septins are also present in metazoan cells, where they are required for cyto ...
Multiple Roles of the Cytoskeleton in Bacterial Autophagy
... from autophagic recognition (see above). These observations indicate that septin cages assemble in certain pathways of actin polymerization, for example, actin polymerization by WASP family proteins (as occurs in the case of Shigella and M. marinum), and/or that a cytosolic source of membrane is req ...
... from autophagic recognition (see above). These observations indicate that septin cages assemble in certain pathways of actin polymerization, for example, actin polymerization by WASP family proteins (as occurs in the case of Shigella and M. marinum), and/or that a cytosolic source of membrane is req ...
Human Dendritic Cell Subsets In Vivo Colony
... work in humans (26) suggest that optimal DC expansion is seen after 10 days of FL injections. The volunteers were apheresed at days 0 and 10 to collect mononuclear cells. The mononuclear fractions from FL-treated volunteers were analyzed by flow cytometry to assess the frequencies and absolute numbe ...
... work in humans (26) suggest that optimal DC expansion is seen after 10 days of FL injections. The volunteers were apheresed at days 0 and 10 to collect mononuclear cells. The mononuclear fractions from FL-treated volunteers were analyzed by flow cytometry to assess the frequencies and absolute numbe ...
Autophagy at the crossroads of catabolism and anabolism
... autophagy was originally believed to non-selectively sequester and degrade cytoplasmic material. However, it is increasingly being appreciated that autophagy is a selective process, resulting in the targeted engulfment of specific cargoes such as mitochondria, peroxisomes and ribosomes, and protein ...
... autophagy was originally believed to non-selectively sequester and degrade cytoplasmic material. However, it is increasingly being appreciated that autophagy is a selective process, resulting in the targeted engulfment of specific cargoes such as mitochondria, peroxisomes and ribosomes, and protein ...
Myosin V Plays an Essential Role in the Thyroid Hormone
... immunoblots of astrocyte cell lysate, indicating that the antiactin IgG did not cross-react with myosin V (data not shown). These data illustrate that, as reported previously (10), the retinoid-treated, thyroid hormone-deficient astrocyte contained a fully polymerized actin cytoskeleton and indicate ...
... immunoblots of astrocyte cell lysate, indicating that the antiactin IgG did not cross-react with myosin V (data not shown). These data illustrate that, as reported previously (10), the retinoid-treated, thyroid hormone-deficient astrocyte contained a fully polymerized actin cytoskeleton and indicate ...
Physical and functional link of the leukemia
... BOSC23 cells were cotransfected with HA-tagged AML1b and together either with control vector (mock) or FLAG-tagged PML isoforms (I-VI). The expression of AML1 in the lysates of transfectants was detected by immunoblotting using anti-HA (3F10) antibody (top). The lysates of transfectants were immunop ...
... BOSC23 cells were cotransfected with HA-tagged AML1b and together either with control vector (mock) or FLAG-tagged PML isoforms (I-VI). The expression of AML1 in the lysates of transfectants was detected by immunoblotting using anti-HA (3F10) antibody (top). The lysates of transfectants were immunop ...
Characterization of the Nucleolar Gene Product, Treacle, in Treacher Collins Syndrome
... weight mostly due to its high degree of phosphorylation (Meier and Blobel, 1992; Meier, 1996). To test whether treacle was phosphorylated like Nopp140, in vitro-translated treacle was incubated for 30 min at 37°C with alkaline phosphatase. Indeed, phosphatase treatment in the absence (Figure 2, lane ...
... weight mostly due to its high degree of phosphorylation (Meier and Blobel, 1992; Meier, 1996). To test whether treacle was phosphorylated like Nopp140, in vitro-translated treacle was incubated for 30 min at 37°C with alkaline phosphatase. Indeed, phosphatase treatment in the absence (Figure 2, lane ...
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Atria and Ventricles of the
... synthesizing DNA in vivo to a considerable extent (38). Little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing proliferation of cardiac myocytes. As with skeletal myoblasts ...
... synthesizing DNA in vivo to a considerable extent (38). Little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing proliferation of cardiac myocytes. As with skeletal myoblasts ...
Endoplasmic Microtubules Configure the Subapical Cytoplasm and
... roots developed normally and grew, with similar speed and pattern, as hairs of nontransformed roots. Trichoblast (before Bulge Formation) ...
... roots developed normally and grew, with similar speed and pattern, as hairs of nontransformed roots. Trichoblast (before Bulge Formation) ...
Actin Dynamics in Muscle Cells
... by an array of proteins that interact with actin filaments and/or monomeric actin. Interestingly, in non-muscle cells the barbed ends of the filaments are the predominant assembly place, whereas in muscle cells actin dynamics was reported to predominate at the pointed ends of thin filaments. The actin- ...
... by an array of proteins that interact with actin filaments and/or monomeric actin. Interestingly, in non-muscle cells the barbed ends of the filaments are the predominant assembly place, whereas in muscle cells actin dynamics was reported to predominate at the pointed ends of thin filaments. The actin- ...
Chapter 16—Probes for Endocytosis, Receptors and Ion Channels
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
Amino acid regulation of mTORC1 Liron Bar-Peled
... lysosomal surface, its site of activation. This translocation is mediated by a family of heterodimeric GTPases known as the Rags that reside on the lysosomal surface. Unique among the small GTPases, the Rags are obligate heterodimers: the highly related RagA and RagB are functionally redundant and b ...
... lysosomal surface, its site of activation. This translocation is mediated by a family of heterodimeric GTPases known as the Rags that reside on the lysosomal surface. Unique among the small GTPases, the Rags are obligate heterodimers: the highly related RagA and RagB are functionally redundant and b ...
The Crucial Role of Biofilms in Cryptococcus neoformans Survival
... formation [17]. When compared to their free floating planktonic counterparts, biofilm-associated cryptococcal cells display a stable association with biological membranes that protect against host immune defenses [18] and antimicrobial therapy [19] in a self-produced polysaccharide rich exopolymeric ...
... formation [17]. When compared to their free floating planktonic counterparts, biofilm-associated cryptococcal cells display a stable association with biological membranes that protect against host immune defenses [18] and antimicrobial therapy [19] in a self-produced polysaccharide rich exopolymeric ...
Isolation and biological activity of extracellular slime associated with
... necessary to maintain flagella activity but not bacterial growth. Hoffman and Falkinham (1981) observed that swarm cells of 2vulgaris were noninducible for the enzyme tryptophanase while short forms were readily inducible. ...
... necessary to maintain flagella activity but not bacterial growth. Hoffman and Falkinham (1981) observed that swarm cells of 2vulgaris were noninducible for the enzyme tryptophanase while short forms were readily inducible. ...
Introduction Wnt signaling in development
... Brenner at the Laboratory for Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK (Brenner, 1974). Sydney Brenner reasoned that complex processes such as development and nervous system function should first be studied in organisms with a relatively simple body plan and nervous system and it was for this reason that ...
... Brenner at the Laboratory for Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK (Brenner, 1974). Sydney Brenner reasoned that complex processes such as development and nervous system function should first be studied in organisms with a relatively simple body plan and nervous system and it was for this reason that ...
A microfluidic culture platform for CNS axonal injury, regeneration
... Figure 1 | The microfluidic-based culture platform directs axonal growth of CNS neurons and fluidically isolates axons. (a) The culture chamber consists of a PDMS mold containing a relief pattern of somal and axonal compartments (1.5 mm wide, 7 mm long, 100 mm high) connected by microgrooves (10 mm ...
... Figure 1 | The microfluidic-based culture platform directs axonal growth of CNS neurons and fluidically isolates axons. (a) The culture chamber consists of a PDMS mold containing a relief pattern of somal and axonal compartments (1.5 mm wide, 7 mm long, 100 mm high) connected by microgrooves (10 mm ...
Force generation by kinesin and myosin cytoskeletal motor proteins
... ADP and ATP-like (bound to the nonhydrolysable ATP analogue, AMP?PNP) structures shows substantial movement of helix a3, which is adjacent to helix a2 following the P-loop. As helix a3 in kinesins is adjacent to a region containing loop L8, which also binds microtubules, it is possible that movement ...
... ADP and ATP-like (bound to the nonhydrolysable ATP analogue, AMP?PNP) structures shows substantial movement of helix a3, which is adjacent to helix a2 following the P-loop. As helix a3 in kinesins is adjacent to a region containing loop L8, which also binds microtubules, it is possible that movement ...
Surge and destroy: the role of auxin in plant embryogenesis
... (SAM) will form. Gray indicates regions of vascular development. ...
... (SAM) will form. Gray indicates regions of vascular development. ...
BIOACCUMULATION OF METAL CATIONS BY YEAST AND YEAST
... loss of 70% of the intracellular potassium, implying permeation of the plasma membrane. ...
... loss of 70% of the intracellular potassium, implying permeation of the plasma membrane. ...
Dual role of autophagy in HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis Open Access
... visible by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in the levels of LC3-II as measured in Western blots [45]. Notably, the LC3-I level was also reduced in the HIV-infected MOLT-4 cells, possibly reflecting the presence of a broad effect on transcription. In contrast to the observations above, HIV ...
... visible by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in the levels of LC3-II as measured in Western blots [45]. Notably, the LC3-I level was also reduced in the HIV-infected MOLT-4 cells, possibly reflecting the presence of a broad effect on transcription. In contrast to the observations above, HIV ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... ER-to-Golgi protein transport may occur in plants. It was proposed that Golgi bodies move between fixed ERES in an actinmyosin–dependent fashion (stop-and-go model; Nebenführ et al., 1999). This model suggests that Golgi bodies become competent for cargo collection once they come to a halt on an ER ...
... ER-to-Golgi protein transport may occur in plants. It was proposed that Golgi bodies move between fixed ERES in an actinmyosin–dependent fashion (stop-and-go model; Nebenführ et al., 1999). This model suggests that Golgi bodies become competent for cargo collection once they come to a halt on an ER ...
The Young Mouse Heart Is Composed of Myocytes Heterogeneous
... The documentation that senescent and nonsenescent myocytes are present in the young adult mouse heart raised the question whether structural heterogeneity is paralleled by a similar variability in mechanical performance. Comparable results at the physiological level would support the notion that the ...
... The documentation that senescent and nonsenescent myocytes are present in the young adult mouse heart raised the question whether structural heterogeneity is paralleled by a similar variability in mechanical performance. Comparable results at the physiological level would support the notion that the ...
TAL1occupancy_WuRevised_v16 - bx.psu.edu
... We hypothesized that occupancy of a DNA segment by TAL1 in a particular cell type regulates the expression of one or more genes in that cell type. If so, then the genes regulated by TAL1 OSs in the different clusters should reflect lineage- or stage-specific functions. To test this hypothesis, we fi ...
... We hypothesized that occupancy of a DNA segment by TAL1 in a particular cell type regulates the expression of one or more genes in that cell type. If so, then the genes regulated by TAL1 OSs in the different clusters should reflect lineage- or stage-specific functions. To test this hypothesis, we fi ...
Mitochondria Buffer Physiological Calcium
... msec pulsesdelivered at 10 Hz) between platinum electrodes mounted in the perfusion chamber evoked action potentials. The [Ca2+],transients evoked by field stimulation were blocked by the Na+ channel blocker TTX (1 PM) (Fig. 4) and the amplitude of theseresponsesdisplayed an all-or-none relationship ...
... msec pulsesdelivered at 10 Hz) between platinum electrodes mounted in the perfusion chamber evoked action potentials. The [Ca2+],transients evoked by field stimulation were blocked by the Na+ channel blocker TTX (1 PM) (Fig. 4) and the amplitude of theseresponsesdisplayed an all-or-none relationship ...
Making an Effort to Listen: Mechanical Amplification in the Ear
... spikes per second. Spontaneous otoacoustic emission presumably occurs, not because it is advantageous per se, but rather as an epiphenomenon associated with the Hopf bifurcation. For optimal performance, the ear must poise itself close to the critical point; negative feedback of a signal representin ...
... spikes per second. Spontaneous otoacoustic emission presumably occurs, not because it is advantageous per se, but rather as an epiphenomenon associated with the Hopf bifurcation. For optimal performance, the ear must poise itself close to the critical point; negative feedback of a signal representin ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.