Altered morphology produced by ftsZ expression in
... lethal and leads to filamentation (Honrubia et al., 1998) whereas ftsZCg overexpression in E. coli leads to the creation of deleted and innocuous variants of FtsZCg (Honrubia et al., 2005). In order to study the effect of multiple copies of ftsZCg in C. glutamicum, the bifunctional plasmid pBZ81 [a ...
... lethal and leads to filamentation (Honrubia et al., 1998) whereas ftsZCg overexpression in E. coli leads to the creation of deleted and innocuous variants of FtsZCg (Honrubia et al., 2005). In order to study the effect of multiple copies of ftsZCg in C. glutamicum, the bifunctional plasmid pBZ81 [a ...
Development of the lymphatic system: new questions and paradigms
... the DA and CV at E8 (Walls et al., 2008). In zebrafish, this process is slightly different, as the formation of ISVs takes place sequentially, with arterial ECs sprouting from the DA at ∼20 hpf, followed by venous ECs sprouting at ∼30 hpf (Isogai et al., 2003). Early lymphatic development can be div ...
... the DA and CV at E8 (Walls et al., 2008). In zebrafish, this process is slightly different, as the formation of ISVs takes place sequentially, with arterial ECs sprouting from the DA at ∼20 hpf, followed by venous ECs sprouting at ∼30 hpf (Isogai et al., 2003). Early lymphatic development can be div ...
Coordination of microtubule and microfilament dynamics by
... microtubule/microfilament crosstalk. Although DRFs are well-characterized Rho effectors16-18, it has not yet been established if Rho regulates the activity of non-DRF formins. However, our genetic data implicate Rho1 in regulating the timing of ooplasmic streaming, so we asked whether this phenotype ...
... microtubule/microfilament crosstalk. Although DRFs are well-characterized Rho effectors16-18, it has not yet been established if Rho regulates the activity of non-DRF formins. However, our genetic data implicate Rho1 in regulating the timing of ooplasmic streaming, so we asked whether this phenotype ...
Costes et al.
... both pixels and voxels are referred to as pixels.) The pixel sizes were 0.15 3 0.15 3 0.4 mm3 and pinholes were set to one Airy unit (i.e., 63 and 74 mm for CFP and YFP, respectively). We verified the three-dimensional PSFs were the same for different excitation and emission wavelengths, and there w ...
... both pixels and voxels are referred to as pixels.) The pixel sizes were 0.15 3 0.15 3 0.4 mm3 and pinholes were set to one Airy unit (i.e., 63 and 74 mm for CFP and YFP, respectively). We verified the three-dimensional PSFs were the same for different excitation and emission wavelengths, and there w ...
Endogenous release of 5-HT modulates the plateau phase of NMDA
... the lamprey, these oscillations vary in a characteristic way between different spinal cord preparations. In some preparations, there is a pronounced, depolarized plateau phase, which can be prolonged further by a blockade of KCa channels via administration of 5-HT or specific antagonists, such as ap ...
... the lamprey, these oscillations vary in a characteristic way between different spinal cord preparations. In some preparations, there is a pronounced, depolarized plateau phase, which can be prolonged further by a blockade of KCa channels via administration of 5-HT or specific antagonists, such as ap ...
HELICOBACTER PYLORI VacA, A PARADIGM FOR TOXIN
... Figure 1 | Mechanisms of cellular intoxication by bacterial protein toxins. Pathogenic bacteria synthesize and release protein toxins that act on, or ‘intoxicate’, target cells in the host. There are many different variations in the mechanisms by which individual bacterial protein toxins intoxicate ...
... Figure 1 | Mechanisms of cellular intoxication by bacterial protein toxins. Pathogenic bacteria synthesize and release protein toxins that act on, or ‘intoxicate’, target cells in the host. There are many different variations in the mechanisms by which individual bacterial protein toxins intoxicate ...
PDF
... organisms. Specifically, we describe a novel role for bicd-1 in regulating dendrite branch formation and show that bicd-1 is likely to be expressed, and primarily required, in PVD neurons to control dendritic branching. We also present evidence that bicd-1 operates in a conserved pathway with dhc-1 ...
... organisms. Specifically, we describe a novel role for bicd-1 in regulating dendrite branch formation and show that bicd-1 is likely to be expressed, and primarily required, in PVD neurons to control dendritic branching. We also present evidence that bicd-1 operates in a conserved pathway with dhc-1 ...
Microtubule Reconfiguration during Axonal Retraction Induced by
... The prevailing view is that cytoskeletal elements depolymerize extensively during physiological axonal retraction (Song and Poo, 1999). This view is largely based on pharmacological studies showing that wholesale microtubule depolymerization can indeed cause axons to retract (Yamada et al., 1970; Da ...
... The prevailing view is that cytoskeletal elements depolymerize extensively during physiological axonal retraction (Song and Poo, 1999). This view is largely based on pharmacological studies showing that wholesale microtubule depolymerization can indeed cause axons to retract (Yamada et al., 1970; Da ...
Organelle motility in the pollen tube: a tale of 20 years
... are arranged along the longitudinal axis of pollen tubes, indicating the extent of overlapping as well as several differences in the apical (growth) region (Pierson et al., 1986). It was immediately clear that cytoskeletal organization in the tip domain of pollen tubes was hard to decipher because o ...
... are arranged along the longitudinal axis of pollen tubes, indicating the extent of overlapping as well as several differences in the apical (growth) region (Pierson et al., 1986). It was immediately clear that cytoskeletal organization in the tip domain of pollen tubes was hard to decipher because o ...
A GH3-like Domain in Reaper Is Required for Mitochondrial
... among the IAPs, it may also reflect a requirement for additional events in the activation of caspases and cell death in vertebrate cells. In particular, many apoptotic stimuli in vertebrate systems promote release of cytochrome c from the intermembrane space of the mitochondria to the cytoplasm (rev ...
... among the IAPs, it may also reflect a requirement for additional events in the activation of caspases and cell death in vertebrate cells. In particular, many apoptotic stimuli in vertebrate systems promote release of cytochrome c from the intermembrane space of the mitochondria to the cytoplasm (rev ...
“J” TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 of 1 #17//04 SPECIAL
... MAY 19, 2017 J.1 SAFETY CELLS; DEFINITION AND USE I.52, J.4, J.5, M.25, MSD S.1, MSD S.10 ...
... MAY 19, 2017 J.1 SAFETY CELLS; DEFINITION AND USE I.52, J.4, J.5, M.25, MSD S.1, MSD S.10 ...
Induction of Apoptosis through B-cell Receptor Cross-linking
... B-cells, triggered via their surface B-cell receptor (BcR), start an apoptotic program known as activationinduced cell death (AICD), and it is widely believed that this phenomenon plays a role in the restriction and focusing of the immune response. Although both ceramide and caspases have been propo ...
... B-cells, triggered via their surface B-cell receptor (BcR), start an apoptotic program known as activationinduced cell death (AICD), and it is widely believed that this phenomenon plays a role in the restriction and focusing of the immune response. Although both ceramide and caspases have been propo ...
- Wiley Online Library
... revealed a decrease in p53 stability and abrogated apoptosis in irradiated thymocytes [43]. These findings suggest that Ser 18 and Ser 23 in the mouse, however, are required for p53 stabilization and efficient induction of apoptosis. In addition to phosphorylation, acetylation of p53 on Lys 120, whi ...
... revealed a decrease in p53 stability and abrogated apoptosis in irradiated thymocytes [43]. These findings suggest that Ser 18 and Ser 23 in the mouse, however, are required for p53 stabilization and efficient induction of apoptosis. In addition to phosphorylation, acetylation of p53 on Lys 120, whi ...
AcmA of Lactococcus lactis is an N-acetylglucosaminidase
... protease of L. lactis IL1403, HtrA, is capable of degrading AcmA. No AcmA degradation products were found in an htrA knockout mutant, in which HtrA is not expressed. AcmA consists of an active site domain, followed by a C-terminal region (cA) containing three highly homologous repeats of 45 amino ac ...
... protease of L. lactis IL1403, HtrA, is capable of degrading AcmA. No AcmA degradation products were found in an htrA knockout mutant, in which HtrA is not expressed. AcmA consists of an active site domain, followed by a C-terminal region (cA) containing three highly homologous repeats of 45 amino ac ...
Excitatory Mechanisms in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: The Role of
... Sections were incubated in DAB (final dilution 0.05%) plus hydrogen peroxide (final dilution 0.0015%) in PB for 5–10 min. All previous steps (except serum block) were followed by rinses in PBS (3 ⫻ 5 min each). The tissue was mounted on slides, dehydrated, and cleared in alcohols and xylenes before ...
... Sections were incubated in DAB (final dilution 0.05%) plus hydrogen peroxide (final dilution 0.0015%) in PB for 5–10 min. All previous steps (except serum block) were followed by rinses in PBS (3 ⫻ 5 min each). The tissue was mounted on slides, dehydrated, and cleared in alcohols and xylenes before ...
Chloroplast envelope membranes: a dynamic interface between
... organized internal membrane network formed of flat compressed vesicles, the thylakoids, (b) an amorphous background rich in soluble proteins and ribosomes, the stroma and (c) a pair of outer membranes, the chloroplast envelope. The two limiting envelope membranes are actually the only permanent memb ...
... organized internal membrane network formed of flat compressed vesicles, the thylakoids, (b) an amorphous background rich in soluble proteins and ribosomes, the stroma and (c) a pair of outer membranes, the chloroplast envelope. The two limiting envelope membranes are actually the only permanent memb ...
Dramatic increase in lymph node dendritic cell
... in the absolute number of CD8⫺ versus CD8⫹ DCs revealed that during the first week the increase was higher for CD8⫺ than for CD8⫹ DCs, at all the time points analyzed. These data are in agreement with other results presented later in this report supporting that CD8⫹ DCs derive from the CD8⫺ DC subse ...
... in the absolute number of CD8⫺ versus CD8⫹ DCs revealed that during the first week the increase was higher for CD8⫺ than for CD8⫹ DCs, at all the time points analyzed. These data are in agreement with other results presented later in this report supporting that CD8⫹ DCs derive from the CD8⫺ DC subse ...
Protein phosphatase 1 down regulates ZYG
... production of more than one daughter centriole. Our results thus define a new pathway that limits the number of daughter centrioles produced each cycle. ...
... production of more than one daughter centriole. Our results thus define a new pathway that limits the number of daughter centrioles produced each cycle. ...
Spatial and temporal in vivo analysis of circulating
... reduction that occurs between days two and six posteclosion. Two-way ANOVA also revealed that treatment affects total hemocyte numbers (P = 0.0027), and post-hoc Sidak’s multiple comparisons showed that this is due to a significant infection-induced increase in the total number of hemocytes (P = 0.0 ...
... reduction that occurs between days two and six posteclosion. Two-way ANOVA also revealed that treatment affects total hemocyte numbers (P = 0.0027), and post-hoc Sidak’s multiple comparisons showed that this is due to a significant infection-induced increase in the total number of hemocytes (P = 0.0 ...
Requirements for autosomal gene activity during
... Instead of the normal diploid arrangement in which the left and right arms of a given chromosome are attached to the same centromere, compound autosomes have both left arms attached to one centromere and both right arms attached to the other (Rasmussen, 1960). These individuals contain the normal ge ...
... Instead of the normal diploid arrangement in which the left and right arms of a given chromosome are attached to the same centromere, compound autosomes have both left arms attached to one centromere and both right arms attached to the other (Rasmussen, 1960). These individuals contain the normal ge ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.