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Recent Progress in Research of the Mechanism of Fertilization in
Recent Progress in Research of the Mechanism of Fertilization in

... content of Arabidopsis thaliana and found that the two newly formed sperm cells enter the S phase of the cell cycle after mitosis of the generative cell, and the DNA content of both sperm cells then begins to increase. At the time of anthesis the DNA content of both sperm cells is 1.5 C. After polli ...
Keratin, Low Molecular Weight Ab-1
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Decreased argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region
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... triggered using a level detector. The CF and threshold of the unit were determined manually using audiovisual cues. PSTHs were then computed in response to tone bursts at CFs at different intensities; in some cases, the spontaneous discharge rate was computed during a 15-second period without acoust ...
Gap junctions between optic nerve head astrocytes.
Gap junctions between optic nerve head astrocytes.

... Astrocytes of the primate and human optic nerve head are joined to each other by the gap junction type of intercellular membrane specialization. Although the precise function of these contacts is not fully determined, they may serve such diverse roles as adhesive bonding and intercellular electrical ...
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Mitosis



Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.
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