Final Exam Study Guide, Integrated Science 2 Name: Per: This study
... • How did the Miller-Urey experiment contribute to our understanding of how life formed on Earth • Describe the first true cells • Explain how earth’s atmosphere got its free oxygen including when it happened, which organisms created it, and how it affected other anaerobic organisms • Describe t ...
... • How did the Miller-Urey experiment contribute to our understanding of how life formed on Earth • Describe the first true cells • Explain how earth’s atmosphere got its free oxygen including when it happened, which organisms created it, and how it affected other anaerobic organisms • Describe t ...
Segregation of object and background motion in the
... by the presence of eye movements that continually scan the image across the retina, even during fixation. To detect moving objects, the brain must distinguish local motion within the scene from the global retinal image drift due to fixational eye movements. We have found that this process begins in ...
... by the presence of eye movements that continually scan the image across the retina, even during fixation. To detect moving objects, the brain must distinguish local motion within the scene from the global retinal image drift due to fixational eye movements. We have found that this process begins in ...
SepF, a novel FtsZ-interacting protein required for a late step in cell
... that they form heteromultimers that ensure their stability (Sievers and Errington, 2000; Robson et al., 2002). Therefore, it has been proposed that these proteins may fulfil a regulatory role in divisome assembly and/or disassembly. The divisomes of B. subtilis and E. coli appear to be comparable in ...
... that they form heteromultimers that ensure their stability (Sievers and Errington, 2000; Robson et al., 2002). Therefore, it has been proposed that these proteins may fulfil a regulatory role in divisome assembly and/or disassembly. The divisomes of B. subtilis and E. coli appear to be comparable in ...
Document
... cell line (fro m Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) parent cell line) which expressed recombinant IGF-I that renders the cells to grow indifinitely in protein and/or serum-free media. Although this looks promising, the absence of serum generally will impose other issues such as induction of phenotypic chan ...
... cell line (fro m Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) parent cell line) which expressed recombinant IGF-I that renders the cells to grow indifinitely in protein and/or serum-free media. Although this looks promising, the absence of serum generally will impose other issues such as induction of phenotypic chan ...
Organization of Yeast Communities Cell Signals, Cell
... laboratory, many yeast species are found in multispecies communities termed microbiomes, which can include other fungi or bacteria (reviewed in references 57 and 68). Perhaps not surprisingly, there is no universal agreement on how some of these communities should be defined. For the purpose of this ...
... laboratory, many yeast species are found in multispecies communities termed microbiomes, which can include other fungi or bacteria (reviewed in references 57 and 68). Perhaps not surprisingly, there is no universal agreement on how some of these communities should be defined. For the purpose of this ...
Regulation of Potassium Transport in Leaves: from Molecular to
... possess mechanosensitive (or stretch-activated, SAS) channels at the plasma membrane (Cosgrove and Hedrich, 1991). These channels are K+ permeable and change their open probabilities as a result of volume or turgor changes. As well as their voltage-dependence, K+ channels in guard cells are regulate ...
... possess mechanosensitive (or stretch-activated, SAS) channels at the plasma membrane (Cosgrove and Hedrich, 1991). These channels are K+ permeable and change their open probabilities as a result of volume or turgor changes. As well as their voltage-dependence, K+ channels in guard cells are regulate ...
... components of the interstitial tissues [8]. LC are probably derived from DC which have migrated into the bronchial epithelium. As in other tissues, the differentiation of DC into LC in the lung appears to occur only in the presence of epithelial cells, but not all epithelial cells are equally effect ...
A Possible Role for the Cnidarian Homologue of Serum Response
... We have isolated the serum response factor (SRF) homologue from two hydrozoans, the freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris and the marine colonial Hydractinia echinata; we have termed the Hydra gene HvSRF and the Hydractinia gene HeSRF. The MADS-box of both genes is identical in sequence and more similar t ...
... We have isolated the serum response factor (SRF) homologue from two hydrozoans, the freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris and the marine colonial Hydractinia echinata; we have termed the Hydra gene HvSRF and the Hydractinia gene HeSRF. The MADS-box of both genes is identical in sequence and more similar t ...
The Dielectric Response of Spherical Live Cells in Suspension: An
... outer and inner radius of the cell’s membrane, r1 and r2; the dielectric constant and conductivity of the medium (e0,s0), of the membrane (e1,s1) and of the inner cell region (e2, s2); the diffusion constants of surface charges accumulated at the outer and inner surfaces of the membrane, D1 and D2; ...
... outer and inner radius of the cell’s membrane, r1 and r2; the dielectric constant and conductivity of the medium (e0,s0), of the membrane (e1,s1) and of the inner cell region (e2, s2); the diffusion constants of surface charges accumulated at the outer and inner surfaces of the membrane, D1 and D2; ...
Systems biology of virus-host signaling network
... reactions into functional responses (e.g., cytokine secretion or cell death). In human diseases such as pathogenic viral infections and cancer, malfunctioning signaling networks cause cells to incorrectly respond to stimuli and produce the diseased state (1, 2). Viruses and other pathogens often ind ...
... reactions into functional responses (e.g., cytokine secretion or cell death). In human diseases such as pathogenic viral infections and cancer, malfunctioning signaling networks cause cells to incorrectly respond to stimuli and produce the diseased state (1, 2). Viruses and other pathogens often ind ...
Stimulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Release
... of the paraneoplastic syndromes associated with malignancy such as hypercalcemia, cachexia and leukocytosis. ...
... of the paraneoplastic syndromes associated with malignancy such as hypercalcemia, cachexia and leukocytosis. ...
Lactobacillus plantarum displaying CCL3 chemokine in fusion with
... cells. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-based delivery vehicles have potential to be used as a cheap and safe option for vaccination. Chemokine produced on the surface of LAB may potentially enhance the immune response to an antigen and this approach can be considered in development of future mucosal vacc ...
... cells. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-based delivery vehicles have potential to be used as a cheap and safe option for vaccination. Chemokine produced on the surface of LAB may potentially enhance the immune response to an antigen and this approach can be considered in development of future mucosal vacc ...
Skb5, an SH3 adaptor protein, regulates Pmk1 MAPK signaling by
... MAPKKKs and their relevance to MAPK activation. We have been studying the Pmk1 MAPK signaling module, composed of the MAPKKK Mkh1, the MAPKK Pek1 and the MAPK Pmk1, a key regulator of cell wall integrity in fission yeast (Toda et al., 1996; Sugiura et al., 1999; Sengar et al., 1997). Our previous ge ...
... MAPKKKs and their relevance to MAPK activation. We have been studying the Pmk1 MAPK signaling module, composed of the MAPKKK Mkh1, the MAPKK Pek1 and the MAPK Pmk1, a key regulator of cell wall integrity in fission yeast (Toda et al., 1996; Sugiura et al., 1999; Sengar et al., 1997). Our previous ge ...
IN VITRO L. MADRASPATENSIS
... employed to assess the cytotoxic potential of the plant extract under study. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity study depicted that the methanol extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis possess good cytotoxic potentials at higher concentration (93.62% of inhibition observed in 1000 µg/ml). The activ ...
... employed to assess the cytotoxic potential of the plant extract under study. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity study depicted that the methanol extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis possess good cytotoxic potentials at higher concentration (93.62% of inhibition observed in 1000 µg/ml). The activ ...
Staphylococcus aureus-induced G2/M phase transition delay
... and Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin increase the proportion of cells in the G1/G0 phase. [14]. Exposure of eukaryotic cells to the cytolethal distending toxin of E. coli results in arrest in both the G1 and G2 phases [12,15]. Pathogen-induced cell cycle alteration may be linked to the i ...
... and Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin increase the proportion of cells in the G1/G0 phase. [14]. Exposure of eukaryotic cells to the cytolethal distending toxin of E. coli results in arrest in both the G1 and G2 phases [12,15]. Pathogen-induced cell cycle alteration may be linked to the i ...
Idh paper revised II - G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... melanogaster has been a key system for studying steroid controlled programmed cell death. This death is induced by a pulse of the steroid hormone ecdysone that takes place at the end of the prepupal period. For many years, it has been thought that the ecdysone direct response gene Ei ...
... melanogaster has been a key system for studying steroid controlled programmed cell death. This death is induced by a pulse of the steroid hormone ecdysone that takes place at the end of the prepupal period. For many years, it has been thought that the ecdysone direct response gene Ei ...
The Plant Cell - Utrecht University Repository
... Its open reading frame encodes a protein of 865 amino acids. Sequence analysis confirmed the intron/exon structure predicted by the genome project. The plant protein shows sequence conservation throughout the protein sequence with all other APC2 proteins from different organisms (data not shown). It ...
... Its open reading frame encodes a protein of 865 amino acids. Sequence analysis confirmed the intron/exon structure predicted by the genome project. The plant protein shows sequence conservation throughout the protein sequence with all other APC2 proteins from different organisms (data not shown). It ...
Review Convergent Extension - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
... morphogenesis fall into a limited number of classes (Locascio and Nieto, 2001). At one extreme are migratory events involving the directed movement of individual cells or small groups of cells across a relatively stationary substrate, such as a basement membrane or adjacent tissue (Figure 1A). Examp ...
... morphogenesis fall into a limited number of classes (Locascio and Nieto, 2001). At one extreme are migratory events involving the directed movement of individual cells or small groups of cells across a relatively stationary substrate, such as a basement membrane or adjacent tissue (Figure 1A). Examp ...
reviews
... timing of development. These can be understood as the result of evolutionary adaptation to environmental requirements for rapid extrauterine (such as frog and fish), intrauterine (mouse) or in ovo (chicken) development. Despite initial gross architectural differences of early embryos, the basic sign ...
... timing of development. These can be understood as the result of evolutionary adaptation to environmental requirements for rapid extrauterine (such as frog and fish), intrauterine (mouse) or in ovo (chicken) development. Despite initial gross architectural differences of early embryos, the basic sign ...
Diffusion and Osmosis Investigations
... solution on the other side of the membrane; water will move down its concentration gradient into the other solution. Isotonic solutions have equal water potentials. In nonwalled cells, such as animal cells, the movement of water into and out of a cell is affected by the relative solute concentration ...
... solution on the other side of the membrane; water will move down its concentration gradient into the other solution. Isotonic solutions have equal water potentials. In nonwalled cells, such as animal cells, the movement of water into and out of a cell is affected by the relative solute concentration ...
Protein diffusion in plant cell plasma membranes
... cases, these structures constrain lateral mobility of PM proteins. Very well documented examples show a partitioning of proteins between microdomains in, e.g., raft-, and non-raft fractions, and that microdomain organization of membrane proteins can be linked to signal transduction mechanisms (revie ...
... cases, these structures constrain lateral mobility of PM proteins. Very well documented examples show a partitioning of proteins between microdomains in, e.g., raft-, and non-raft fractions, and that microdomain organization of membrane proteins can be linked to signal transduction mechanisms (revie ...
Keshara Senanayake Ms.Reep AP BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE
... IN PLANT CELLS BUT NOT ANIMAL CELLS: Chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall, Plasmodesmata the eukaryotic cell’s genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus and carried out by the Ribosomes the nucleus which houses most of the cell’s DNA and the ribosomes (which use information from DNA to ...
... IN PLANT CELLS BUT NOT ANIMAL CELLS: Chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall, Plasmodesmata the eukaryotic cell’s genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus and carried out by the Ribosomes the nucleus which houses most of the cell’s DNA and the ribosomes (which use information from DNA to ...
in Thymocytes and Mature T Cells Transduction Pathways to Induce
... mechanism of translocation is poorly understood, but there is evidence that it is achieved by caspases (25). Opening of pre-existing pores, active transport across the membrane, and limited lysosomal membrane rupture have all been hypothesized to account for the leakage of cathepsin B into the cytop ...
... mechanism of translocation is poorly understood, but there is evidence that it is achieved by caspases (25). Opening of pre-existing pores, active transport across the membrane, and limited lysosomal membrane rupture have all been hypothesized to account for the leakage of cathepsin B into the cytop ...
Tumor-specific T cells in human Merkel cell carcinomas: a possible
... Similar to our findings in primary tumors, T cells from IL-2/IL-15 treated MCC metastases expanded, upregulated expression of activation markers CD69 and CD25, and CD8 expression of CD137 was upregulated (Suppl. Figure 4a,b). There was enhanced IFNγ production and skewing of the T cell repertoire an ...
... Similar to our findings in primary tumors, T cells from IL-2/IL-15 treated MCC metastases expanded, upregulated expression of activation markers CD69 and CD25, and CD8 expression of CD137 was upregulated (Suppl. Figure 4a,b). There was enhanced IFNγ production and skewing of the T cell repertoire an ...
Asymmetric cell division in C. elegans - Development
... pathway. egl-20 is expressed by a small group of cells in the posterior body region. However, despite this localized expression in the animal, EGL-20 does not act as a positiondependent morphogen to specify these distinct migratory fates. Instead, QL and QR exhibit different responses because they h ...
... pathway. egl-20 is expressed by a small group of cells in the posterior body region. However, despite this localized expression in the animal, EGL-20 does not act as a positiondependent morphogen to specify these distinct migratory fates. Instead, QL and QR exhibit different responses because they h ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.