studies on the intracellular digestive process in mammalian tissue
... the DNA-protein coacervates as a marker permitted a study of the various stages of the intracellular digestive process which will be described in this report. The role of the dense bodies in intracellular digestion is also demonstrated by labeling them with a different colloidal metal (saccharated i ...
... the DNA-protein coacervates as a marker permitted a study of the various stages of the intracellular digestive process which will be described in this report. The role of the dense bodies in intracellular digestion is also demonstrated by labeling them with a different colloidal metal (saccharated i ...
In Vivo Release of Mitotic Silencing of Ribosomal Gene
... pol II–specific TBP is detached from the chromatin in mitosis (Segil et al., 1996). Conversely, the TBP-containing factor SL1 is not dispersed during mitosis, whereas it is inactivated by cdc2–cyclin B kinase–directed phosphorylation (Heix et al., 1998; Kuhn et al., 1998). Since the rDNA transcripti ...
... pol II–specific TBP is detached from the chromatin in mitosis (Segil et al., 1996). Conversely, the TBP-containing factor SL1 is not dispersed during mitosis, whereas it is inactivated by cdc2–cyclin B kinase–directed phosphorylation (Heix et al., 1998; Kuhn et al., 1998). Since the rDNA transcripti ...
LESSON—19 THE EXTERIOR OP THE CELL. A. Objectives
... communicating junctions; define desmosomes, tight junctions and gap junctions. Discuss the role of the glycocalyx in the functions of the cells; describe the cell wall structure of plants. ...
... communicating junctions; define desmosomes, tight junctions and gap junctions. Discuss the role of the glycocalyx in the functions of the cells; describe the cell wall structure of plants. ...
RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED1 Regulates
... backed up by the two redundantly acting CDKB1s (CDKB1;1 and CDKB1;2) (Nowack et al., 2012). CDKB1s also function in the control of M phase and the analysis of loss-of-function as well as dominant-negative alleles have in particular revealed a role in the last (i.e., symmetric) division during stomat ...
... backed up by the two redundantly acting CDKB1s (CDKB1;1 and CDKB1;2) (Nowack et al., 2012). CDKB1s also function in the control of M phase and the analysis of loss-of-function as well as dominant-negative alleles have in particular revealed a role in the last (i.e., symmetric) division during stomat ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Mechanisms of pattern formation in development
... A key aspect of our treatment is the introduction (or rather appropriation) of the term ‘morphodynamic’ (distinguished from ‘morphostatic’) to characterize complex developmental mechanisms in which inductive and morphogenetic mechanisms interact with one another in a reciprocal fashion. The need for ...
... A key aspect of our treatment is the introduction (or rather appropriation) of the term ‘morphodynamic’ (distinguished from ‘morphostatic’) to characterize complex developmental mechanisms in which inductive and morphogenetic mechanisms interact with one another in a reciprocal fashion. The need for ...
A Comparative Analysis of Extra-Embryonic Endoderm Cell
... and R2 values were determined from the line of best-fit. Importantly, a high degree of correlation is found between the two data sets, and over 80% of the genes tested had R2 values close to one (Fig. 3B). We found only three notable exceptions. First, tPA showed the same basic trend between qRT-PCR ...
... and R2 values were determined from the line of best-fit. Importantly, a high degree of correlation is found between the two data sets, and over 80% of the genes tested had R2 values close to one (Fig. 3B). We found only three notable exceptions. First, tPA showed the same basic trend between qRT-PCR ...
Structure and Nanostructure of the Outer Tangential Epidermal Cell
... environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) observations were analysed and discussed. Each treatment produced specific effects on the outer tangential epidermal cell wall of the epicarp: swelling and rupture of the inner ...
... environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) observations were analysed and discussed. Each treatment produced specific effects on the outer tangential epidermal cell wall of the epicarp: swelling and rupture of the inner ...
Article Integrin-Dependent Organization and Bidirectional Vesicular Traffic at Cytotoxic Immune Synapses Immunity
... (A and B) Live NK cells imaged on bilayers carrying unlabeled ICAM-1 and IgG1 Fc. (A) Individual cells imaged at 50 min (1), 80 min (2), 120 min (3), and 26 min (4), after addition to the bilayer. (B) Time series taken from Movie S4. The first frame was taken prior to the addition of CD107a Fab ...
... (A and B) Live NK cells imaged on bilayers carrying unlabeled ICAM-1 and IgG1 Fc. (A) Individual cells imaged at 50 min (1), 80 min (2), 120 min (3), and 26 min (4), after addition to the bilayer. (B) Time series taken from Movie S4. The first frame was taken prior to the addition of CD107a Fab ...
Neurons and the Nervous System
... • Sensors detect external stimuli and internal conditions and transmit information along sensory neurons • Sensory information is sent to the brain or ganglia, where interneurons integrate the information • Motor output leaves the brain or ganglia via motor neurons, which trigger muscle or gland ...
... • Sensors detect external stimuli and internal conditions and transmit information along sensory neurons • Sensory information is sent to the brain or ganglia, where interneurons integrate the information • Motor output leaves the brain or ganglia via motor neurons, which trigger muscle or gland ...
Targeting of P-Selectin to Two Regulated Secretory Organelles in
... monocytes and neutrophils following its regulated appearance on the cell surface as part of the inflammatory response (24, 30). Expression in the pituicyte line AtT-20 revealed that it was targeted to the secretory granules and studies using chimeras revealed that the cytoplasmic domain was both nec ...
... monocytes and neutrophils following its regulated appearance on the cell surface as part of the inflammatory response (24, 30). Expression in the pituicyte line AtT-20 revealed that it was targeted to the secretory granules and studies using chimeras revealed that the cytoplasmic domain was both nec ...
Complementary action of the PGC-1 coactivators in mitochondrial
... to be expressed in both mature white or brown adipocytes, such as aP2 or GLUT4 (Assimacopoulos-Jeannet et al., 1991; Kopecky et al., 1995), were induced identically in all four cell lines, regardless of PGC-1a and PGC-1b expression. However, while induction of the UCP1 gene during differentiation wa ...
... to be expressed in both mature white or brown adipocytes, such as aP2 or GLUT4 (Assimacopoulos-Jeannet et al., 1991; Kopecky et al., 1995), were induced identically in all four cell lines, regardless of PGC-1a and PGC-1b expression. However, while induction of the UCP1 gene during differentiation wa ...
GFP-tagging of cell components reveals the dynamics of subcellular
... have investigated cytoplasmic aggregation during Arabidopsis–oomycete interactions. Infection by nonpathogenic Phytophthora sojae was prevented in the plant epidermal cell layer, whereas Peronospora parasitica isolates Cala2 (avirulent) and Noks1 (virulent) could both penetrate into the mesophyll ce ...
... have investigated cytoplasmic aggregation during Arabidopsis–oomycete interactions. Infection by nonpathogenic Phytophthora sojae was prevented in the plant epidermal cell layer, whereas Peronospora parasitica isolates Cala2 (avirulent) and Noks1 (virulent) could both penetrate into the mesophyll ce ...
Bio1A - Lec 6 slides File
... • built as a twisted double chain of actin subunits • structural role - to bear tension, resisting pulling forces within the cell ...
... • built as a twisted double chain of actin subunits • structural role - to bear tension, resisting pulling forces within the cell ...
T cell responses to Chlamydia trachomatis
... to achieve protective immunity. Several steps are required in order for C. trachomatis to successfully establish infection, to replicate and to spread. Each stage presents an opportunity for one or more elements of the immune system to block unrestricted growth of the organism. Immediately after re- ...
... to achieve protective immunity. Several steps are required in order for C. trachomatis to successfully establish infection, to replicate and to spread. Each stage presents an opportunity for one or more elements of the immune system to block unrestricted growth of the organism. Immediately after re- ...
The origin of the endothelial cells
... basement membranes of both epithelia. (B) Hemal space (H) in the hemichordate Balanoglossus, lined by the basement membranes of the EN and the coelomic epithelium (CE). CO, coelom. (C) Heart of the urochordate Clavellina in transverse section. The heart is constituted of a coelomic myoepithelium (ME ...
... basement membranes of both epithelia. (B) Hemal space (H) in the hemichordate Balanoglossus, lined by the basement membranes of the EN and the coelomic epithelium (CE). CO, coelom. (C) Heart of the urochordate Clavellina in transverse section. The heart is constituted of a coelomic myoepithelium (ME ...
gcat.davidson.edu
... ● Extra exposure to calcium leads to firmer fruit and delayed ripening. ○ spraying during development or application after picking ● Calcium connects proteins and lipids in the cell membrane, stabilizing the cell surface. ...
... ● Extra exposure to calcium leads to firmer fruit and delayed ripening. ○ spraying during development or application after picking ● Calcium connects proteins and lipids in the cell membrane, stabilizing the cell surface. ...
PDF
... conjugates increase in equatorial epithelial cell nuclei just prior to fiber cell differentiation, and localize to differentiating fiber cell nuclei (Shang et al., 1999). Second, zebrafish containing a mutation in the 26S proteasome gene Psmd6 experience abnormal retention of fiber cell nuclei, as w ...
... conjugates increase in equatorial epithelial cell nuclei just prior to fiber cell differentiation, and localize to differentiating fiber cell nuclei (Shang et al., 1999). Second, zebrafish containing a mutation in the 26S proteasome gene Psmd6 experience abnormal retention of fiber cell nuclei, as w ...
Functional coupling of microtubules to membranes
... In vivo, organelles do not move with a simple linear trajectory from A to B. Their path is interspersed with many stops and starts and, indeed, frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between ...
... In vivo, organelles do not move with a simple linear trajectory from A to B. Their path is interspersed with many stops and starts and, indeed, frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between ...
The Aromatic-L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitor Carbidopa Is
... Arlington Heights, IL) with the Rediprime DNA Labeling System (Amersham) and purified on a NENSORB 20 cartridge. Posthybridization washes were: 5⫻ SSC (twice for 2 min at 24°C); 2⫻ SSC, 0.1% SDS (four times for 5 min at 24°C); and 0.1⫻ SSC, 0.1% SDS (three times for 15 min at 50°C). Autoradiography ...
... Arlington Heights, IL) with the Rediprime DNA Labeling System (Amersham) and purified on a NENSORB 20 cartridge. Posthybridization washes were: 5⫻ SSC (twice for 2 min at 24°C); 2⫻ SSC, 0.1% SDS (four times for 5 min at 24°C); and 0.1⫻ SSC, 0.1% SDS (three times for 15 min at 50°C). Autoradiography ...
Phosphorylation of Bni4 by MAP kinases contributes to septum
... and Peter 2002), although its function at these sites remains unexplored. Previous work from our laboratory reported the SL of the double slt2 rim101 mutant promoted by the concomitant absence of CWI and RIM101 signaling transduction pathways (Castrejon et al. 2006). This lethality turned to be in ...
... and Peter 2002), although its function at these sites remains unexplored. Previous work from our laboratory reported the SL of the double slt2 rim101 mutant promoted by the concomitant absence of CWI and RIM101 signaling transduction pathways (Castrejon et al. 2006). This lethality turned to be in ...
Stomatal development - The Company of Biologists
... A pair of guard cells can regulate gas and water exchange by controlling the aperture of the stomatal pore that they surround. Guard mother cell (GMC). The immediate precursor cell to the stomatal guard cells. GMCs divide once, symmetrically, to produce the pair of guard cells that make up a single ...
... A pair of guard cells can regulate gas and water exchange by controlling the aperture of the stomatal pore that they surround. Guard mother cell (GMC). The immediate precursor cell to the stomatal guard cells. GMCs divide once, symmetrically, to produce the pair of guard cells that make up a single ...
Phosphoinositide Signaling Regulates the Exocyst Complex and
... the association of talin with b1-integrin in migrating cells (Figure 3D). PIPKIgi2 and b1-integrin associate with talin’s FERM domain (de Pereda et al., 2005; Ling et al., 2003; Wegener et al., 2007), and the interaction of PIPKIgi2 with talin is required for chemotaxis (Sun et al., 2007). Talin for ...
... the association of talin with b1-integrin in migrating cells (Figure 3D). PIPKIgi2 and b1-integrin associate with talin’s FERM domain (de Pereda et al., 2005; Ling et al., 2003; Wegener et al., 2007), and the interaction of PIPKIgi2 with talin is required for chemotaxis (Sun et al., 2007). Talin for ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.