Transporters - PharmaStreet
... “Carrier” Mediated Transport (Features) • Specialized transport mechanism • Transport done by Special Proteins • Transport proteins have non-polar region on the outside as a result they can merge with membrane lipids • Binds to drug (non-covalent forces) & transport across the membrane ...
... “Carrier” Mediated Transport (Features) • Specialized transport mechanism • Transport done by Special Proteins • Transport proteins have non-polar region on the outside as a result they can merge with membrane lipids • Binds to drug (non-covalent forces) & transport across the membrane ...
Two subsets of memory T cells
... The decreasing potential hypothesis. The previous model does not definitely resolve the issue of whether memory cells arise from fully differentiated effectors. It is notable that memory fails to occur when T cells undergo `exhaustive' proliferation to high doses of viruses; in this situation, effec ...
... The decreasing potential hypothesis. The previous model does not definitely resolve the issue of whether memory cells arise from fully differentiated effectors. It is notable that memory fails to occur when T cells undergo `exhaustive' proliferation to high doses of viruses; in this situation, effec ...
PDF
... The expression patterns of Notch receptors and downstream targets were examined in XY gonads between 11.5 and 13.5 dpc, when progenitor cells arise and commit to the various testicular cell fates. Expression of Notch1 has been previously reported in the arterial coelomic vessel in the XY gonad and i ...
... The expression patterns of Notch receptors and downstream targets were examined in XY gonads between 11.5 and 13.5 dpc, when progenitor cells arise and commit to the various testicular cell fates. Expression of Notch1 has been previously reported in the arterial coelomic vessel in the XY gonad and i ...
1. dia
... in Gram neg. bacteria. Help the bacteria stick to surfaces. Also forms conjugation bridge • Chromosome – a single loop of DNA that is folded on itself - controls the cell’s function • Nucleoid – the region of the cytoplasm where the DNA is found • Plasmid – an accessory loop of DNA – small contains ...
... in Gram neg. bacteria. Help the bacteria stick to surfaces. Also forms conjugation bridge • Chromosome – a single loop of DNA that is folded on itself - controls the cell’s function • Nucleoid – the region of the cytoplasm where the DNA is found • Plasmid – an accessory loop of DNA – small contains ...
2, 3, and 4-Electrode Experiments
... Two-electrode setups are used in a couple general cases. One is where measurement of the whole cell voltage is significant, for example electrochemical energy devices (batteries, fuel cells, super caps). The other is where the counter electrode potential can be expected not to drift over the course ...
... Two-electrode setups are used in a couple general cases. One is where measurement of the whole cell voltage is significant, for example electrochemical energy devices (batteries, fuel cells, super caps). The other is where the counter electrode potential can be expected not to drift over the course ...
Analysis of tissue flow patterns during primitive streak formation in
... initially sickle-shaped group of cells transforms into the streak by rearrangement of the cells along the midline of the embryo. Recent insights into the mechanisms controlling streak induction include the observations that misexpression of the TGF-h family member Vg1, which normally expresses in th ...
... initially sickle-shaped group of cells transforms into the streak by rearrangement of the cells along the midline of the embryo. Recent insights into the mechanisms controlling streak induction include the observations that misexpression of the TGF-h family member Vg1, which normally expresses in th ...
Migration and Maturation of Langerhans Cells in Skin Transplants
... the presence of granulocyte/macrophage (GM)-CSF, LC undergo a maturation process characterized by a number of changes in phenotype and the development of immunostimulatory activity for resting T cells (13) . These cultured LC closely resemble DC from spleen and other lymphoid organs. Because lymphat ...
... the presence of granulocyte/macrophage (GM)-CSF, LC undergo a maturation process characterized by a number of changes in phenotype and the development of immunostimulatory activity for resting T cells (13) . These cultured LC closely resemble DC from spleen and other lymphoid organs. Because lymphat ...
Unit 2: Plant Structure & Anatomy
... “Cell Plate” forms between the two cells One cell becomes two smaller cells Each may grow and divide again ...
... “Cell Plate” forms between the two cells One cell becomes two smaller cells Each may grow and divide again ...
Aluminum Toxicity Is Associated with
... (detected by MTT reduction) and ⌬⌿m in the inner membrane (detected by Rh123 uptake), is a relatively early symptom induced by the accumulation of Al in tobacco cells. We also found that the respiration level detected by oxygen uptake (Fig. 1E) and ATP content (Fig. 1F) decreased with a decrease in ...
... (detected by MTT reduction) and ⌬⌿m in the inner membrane (detected by Rh123 uptake), is a relatively early symptom induced by the accumulation of Al in tobacco cells. We also found that the respiration level detected by oxygen uptake (Fig. 1E) and ATP content (Fig. 1F) decreased with a decrease in ...
Aluminum Toxicity Is Associated with
... (detected by MTT reduction) and ⌬⌿m in the inner membrane (detected by Rh123 uptake), is a relatively early symptom induced by the accumulation of Al in tobacco cells. We also found that the respiration level detected by oxygen uptake (Fig. 1E) and ATP content (Fig. 1F) decreased with a decrease in ...
... (detected by MTT reduction) and ⌬⌿m in the inner membrane (detected by Rh123 uptake), is a relatively early symptom induced by the accumulation of Al in tobacco cells. We also found that the respiration level detected by oxygen uptake (Fig. 1E) and ATP content (Fig. 1F) decreased with a decrease in ...
Phenotypic Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Yeast Actin Mutants.
... sembly. At the permissive temperature actl-1 cells form only faint cables, difficult to record photographically, and bright patches appear on both mother and bud (Figure 2A). Often there is a concentration of patches at the neck of the bud. Permissively grown actl-2 cells exhibit a different phenoty ...
... sembly. At the permissive temperature actl-1 cells form only faint cables, difficult to record photographically, and bright patches appear on both mother and bud (Figure 2A). Often there is a concentration of patches at the neck of the bud. Permissively grown actl-2 cells exhibit a different phenoty ...
Immunohistochemical study of parathyroid hormone-related
... possible that the urothelial cell layers which normally express PTHrP during the dierentiation of the bladder have been stimulated to grow by the denervation. During this process of `re-differentiation', a more immature epithelium becomes prominent, and is less susceptible to apoptosis as a result ...
... possible that the urothelial cell layers which normally express PTHrP during the dierentiation of the bladder have been stimulated to grow by the denervation. During this process of `re-differentiation', a more immature epithelium becomes prominent, and is less susceptible to apoptosis as a result ...
Studying Cell–Surface Interactions In Vitro: A Survey of
... for their ability to promote cell adhesion and to support or even induce cellular functionalities. A set of experimental approaches has been used in the past to evaluate the cyto-compatibility of a given surface. These established techniques cover a significant range of technical sophistication comp ...
... for their ability to promote cell adhesion and to support or even induce cellular functionalities. A set of experimental approaches has been used in the past to evaluate the cyto-compatibility of a given surface. These established techniques cover a significant range of technical sophistication comp ...
Identification of Diphtheria Toxin Receptor and a
... inhibits cellular protein synthesis (4, 40) in eukaryotes by catalyzing the ADP-ribosylation of EF-2, which results in its inactivation (9, 12). The first step of intoxication by DT is binding of the toxin to a susceptible cell. A specific receptor for DT is believed to be involved in this step (13, ...
... inhibits cellular protein synthesis (4, 40) in eukaryotes by catalyzing the ADP-ribosylation of EF-2, which results in its inactivation (9, 12). The first step of intoxication by DT is binding of the toxin to a susceptible cell. A specific receptor for DT is believed to be involved in this step (13, ...
Epithelial differentiation and intercellular junction
... characteristic of this phenotype, essential for polarised cellular function and tissue formation (see reviews by Staehelin, 1974; Garrod and Collins, 1992). The complex consists of an apicolateral tight junction (zonula occludens), an intermediate zonula adherens, and lateral membrane gap and desmos ...
... characteristic of this phenotype, essential for polarised cellular function and tissue formation (see reviews by Staehelin, 1974; Garrod and Collins, 1992). The complex consists of an apicolateral tight junction (zonula occludens), an intermediate zonula adherens, and lateral membrane gap and desmos ...
Shp1 regulates T cell homeostasis by limiting IL
... CD8+ single-positive (SP) thymocyte populations (Fig. 2 A). There also was no change in the absolute number of cells contained within each developmental compartment of the thymus (Fig. 2 B), nor did we detect any differences in the staining of CD4+ or CD8+ SP thymocytes for the markers CD5, CD69, or ...
... CD8+ single-positive (SP) thymocyte populations (Fig. 2 A). There also was no change in the absolute number of cells contained within each developmental compartment of the thymus (Fig. 2 B), nor did we detect any differences in the staining of CD4+ or CD8+ SP thymocytes for the markers CD5, CD69, or ...
FM Dyes Label Sterol-Rich Plasma Membrane
... peripheral cytoplasm of live (Fig. 1P) and fixed cells (Supplementary Fig. S1C) which had a similar size and distribution to those of the FM patches. Double staining with FM1-43 and filipin revealed that both dyes labeled the same areas (Fig. 1O, P). Taken together, these data strongly suggest that ...
... peripheral cytoplasm of live (Fig. 1P) and fixed cells (Supplementary Fig. S1C) which had a similar size and distribution to those of the FM patches. Double staining with FM1-43 and filipin revealed that both dyes labeled the same areas (Fig. 1O, P). Taken together, these data strongly suggest that ...
Yeast Hansenula wingei
... At first the cross-walls between the two cells remained intact. At about 2 hr. the cross-walls disappeared. This occurred during a short period of time and was often missed. In one case the cross-walls disappeared within a 10 min. period. Shortly after the cross-walls disappeared, a small bud formed ...
... At first the cross-walls between the two cells remained intact. At about 2 hr. the cross-walls disappeared. This occurred during a short period of time and was often missed. In one case the cross-walls disappeared within a 10 min. period. Shortly after the cross-walls disappeared, a small bud formed ...
Mitochondrion and Chloroplast Regulation of Plant Programmed
... shrinkage is found to be associated with death [14], and during and following this shrinkage, the plasma membrane remains intact. HR elicitors also induce this condensed morphology in soybean and tobacco [12, 15]. This mode of PCD has also been observed in many examples of normal plant tissue develo ...
... shrinkage is found to be associated with death [14], and during and following this shrinkage, the plasma membrane remains intact. HR elicitors also induce this condensed morphology in soybean and tobacco [12, 15]. This mode of PCD has also been observed in many examples of normal plant tissue develo ...
Chloride Channels Regulate HIT Cell Volume but Cannot
... been shown to strongly modulate glucose-induced islet electrical activity (4). Most of these earlier studies of the effects of anions on islet physiology presumed that anion transporters or pumps, rather than anion channels, were the predominant anion transport mechanisms of islet cells. The discove ...
... been shown to strongly modulate glucose-induced islet electrical activity (4). Most of these earlier studies of the effects of anions on islet physiology presumed that anion transporters or pumps, rather than anion channels, were the predominant anion transport mechanisms of islet cells. The discove ...
cathepsin-d is required for the growth of fibroblasts in - HAL
... dimensional (3D) matrices and in vivo in athymic nude mice (Rochefort and LiaudetCoopman, 1999; Glondu et al., 2001). Immunohistochemical studies indicated that cath-D, independently of its proteolytic activity, stimulates not only cancer cell proliferation by an autocrine and/or intracrine mechani ...
... dimensional (3D) matrices and in vivo in athymic nude mice (Rochefort and LiaudetCoopman, 1999; Glondu et al., 2001). Immunohistochemical studies indicated that cath-D, independently of its proteolytic activity, stimulates not only cancer cell proliferation by an autocrine and/or intracrine mechani ...
NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC STAINING
... The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be uni ...
... The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be uni ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.