For unknown reasons, p21 expression induces different effects in
... induces a senescent phenotype in normal and cancer cells, accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it has recently been shown that p21 expression can also lead to cell death in certain models. The mechanisms involved in this process are not fully understood ...
... induces a senescent phenotype in normal and cancer cells, accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it has recently been shown that p21 expression can also lead to cell death in certain models. The mechanisms involved in this process are not fully understood ...
Nonlysosomal Vesicles (Acidosomes) Are Involved
... vacuole still attached to the oral region (or) of Paramecium caudatum. This cell had been pulsed 15 s with polystyrene latex beads (0.8/am diam) and horseradish peroxidase whose reaction product following incubation in 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and H202 formed the electron-opaque deposit lining the lumi ...
... vacuole still attached to the oral region (or) of Paramecium caudatum. This cell had been pulsed 15 s with polystyrene latex beads (0.8/am diam) and horseradish peroxidase whose reaction product following incubation in 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and H202 formed the electron-opaque deposit lining the lumi ...
Native and Artificial Reticuloplasmins Co
... with respect to seed storage proteins because of their nutritional importance for both plants and animals (for review, see Müntz, 1998). Furthermore, because the stable expression of heterologous proteins at high levels can depend on their accumulation in appropriate organelles, such studies may al ...
... with respect to seed storage proteins because of their nutritional importance for both plants and animals (for review, see Müntz, 1998). Furthermore, because the stable expression of heterologous proteins at high levels can depend on their accumulation in appropriate organelles, such studies may al ...
Eukaryotic Cells
... Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi; Some have cell walls made of cellulose and chloroplasts ...
... Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi; Some have cell walls made of cellulose and chloroplasts ...
plant cell biology in the new millennium: new tools and new
... Confocal microscopy—Confocal microscopy is proving to be one of the most exciting advances in optical microscopy of the last century. Although conventional wide-field epifluorescence microscopy has been a powerful tool for locating specific molecular components of the cell, it suffers from the probl ...
... Confocal microscopy—Confocal microscopy is proving to be one of the most exciting advances in optical microscopy of the last century. Although conventional wide-field epifluorescence microscopy has been a powerful tool for locating specific molecular components of the cell, it suffers from the probl ...
to view PDF - Hofstra People
... as Phd1p (Gimeno and Fink, 1994) and Flo8p (Liu et al., 1996), as well as the protein kinase ELM1 (Blacketer et al., 1993), and protein phosphatase PPS1 (Blacketer et al., 1994), also function in the switch to pseudohyphal growth. A second set of genes that function in pseudohyphal growth are bud si ...
... as Phd1p (Gimeno and Fink, 1994) and Flo8p (Liu et al., 1996), as well as the protein kinase ELM1 (Blacketer et al., 1993), and protein phosphatase PPS1 (Blacketer et al., 1994), also function in the switch to pseudohyphal growth. A second set of genes that function in pseudohyphal growth are bud si ...
Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
... • Action potentials travel in only one direction: toward the synaptic terminals • Inactivated Na+ channels behind the zone of depolarization prevent the action potential from ...
... • Action potentials travel in only one direction: toward the synaptic terminals • Inactivated Na+ channels behind the zone of depolarization prevent the action potential from ...
COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERN2–Mediated
... machinery (Willemsen et al., 2003). Furthermore, hydra mutants exhibit enhanced auxin response (Souter et al., 2002). The cotyledon vascular pattern2 (cvp2) and forked (fkd1) mutants appear to end vascular strand propagation prematurely, resulting in an unclosed reticulum with open secondary and hig ...
... machinery (Willemsen et al., 2003). Furthermore, hydra mutants exhibit enhanced auxin response (Souter et al., 2002). The cotyledon vascular pattern2 (cvp2) and forked (fkd1) mutants appear to end vascular strand propagation prematurely, resulting in an unclosed reticulum with open secondary and hig ...
Nance et al gastrulation paper - The Hardin Lab
... early embryo must establish an outer-inner polarity. Cells on the ventral surface of the embryo become committed to endodermal and mesodermal fates through a combination of cell signaling events and asymmetrically localized factors (Bowerman et al., 1993; Bowerman et al., 1992; Goldstein, ...
... early embryo must establish an outer-inner polarity. Cells on the ventral surface of the embryo become committed to endodermal and mesodermal fates through a combination of cell signaling events and asymmetrically localized factors (Bowerman et al., 1993; Bowerman et al., 1992; Goldstein, ...
The transplantation of nuclei from single cultured cells into
... Recipient eggs. Unfertilized eggs were obtained from wild-type females by the usual procedure of injecting mammalian gonadotrophic hormone (Pregnyl, Organon Laboratories). Eggs were exposed to ultraviolet irradiation at their animal pole in order to inactivate the egg chromosomes according to the pr ...
... Recipient eggs. Unfertilized eggs were obtained from wild-type females by the usual procedure of injecting mammalian gonadotrophic hormone (Pregnyl, Organon Laboratories). Eggs were exposed to ultraviolet irradiation at their animal pole in order to inactivate the egg chromosomes according to the pr ...
PDF
... The first two lineages to differentiate from a pluripotent cell population during mammalian development are the extraembryonic trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endoderm (PrE). Whereas the mechanisms of TE specification have been extensively studied, segregation of PrE and the pluripotent epiblas ...
... The first two lineages to differentiate from a pluripotent cell population during mammalian development are the extraembryonic trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endoderm (PrE). Whereas the mechanisms of TE specification have been extensively studied, segregation of PrE and the pluripotent epiblas ...
SHAPE CONTROL IN THE HUMAN RED CELL
... A rather different model has been proposed by Jinbu and co-workers. Using resealed red cell ghost membranes they observed two ATP-dependent steps in the shape change, one slow and one rapid (Jinbu, Nakao, Otsuka & Sato, 1983; Jinbu, Sato & Nakao, 1984a; Jinbu, Sato, Nakao & Tsukita, 19846). Completi ...
... A rather different model has been proposed by Jinbu and co-workers. Using resealed red cell ghost membranes they observed two ATP-dependent steps in the shape change, one slow and one rapid (Jinbu, Nakao, Otsuka & Sato, 1983; Jinbu, Sato & Nakao, 1984a; Jinbu, Sato, Nakao & Tsukita, 19846). Completi ...
PDF
... Recipient eggs. Unfertilized eggs were obtained from wild-type females by the usual procedure of injecting mammalian gonadotrophic hormone (Pregnyl, Organon Laboratories). Eggs were exposed to ultraviolet irradiation at their animal pole in order to inactivate the egg chromosomes according to the pr ...
... Recipient eggs. Unfertilized eggs were obtained from wild-type females by the usual procedure of injecting mammalian gonadotrophic hormone (Pregnyl, Organon Laboratories). Eggs were exposed to ultraviolet irradiation at their animal pole in order to inactivate the egg chromosomes according to the pr ...
Computational modelling of mitotic exit in budding yeast: the role of
... A model of budding yeast mitotic exit P. K. Vinod et al. 1129 [4,6 – 8]. The proteolytic function of separase causes spindle elongation by cohesin cleavage, which activates MEN by bringing Tem1 together with its activator Lte1 [6,9]. The proteolytic function of separase can be mimicked by inducing T ...
... A model of budding yeast mitotic exit P. K. Vinod et al. 1129 [4,6 – 8]. The proteolytic function of separase causes spindle elongation by cohesin cleavage, which activates MEN by bringing Tem1 together with its activator Lte1 [6,9]. The proteolytic function of separase can be mimicked by inducing T ...
How plant cells explore geometry - The polarity induction and
... The synthesis of a new cell wall marks the transition to the first stage of regeneration and proceeds after a long preparatory phase within a few minutes. During this preparatory phase (about 0.5 d), the nucleus migrates actively and cytoplasmic strands remodel vigorously. Cell wall formation is fol ...
... The synthesis of a new cell wall marks the transition to the first stage of regeneration and proceeds after a long preparatory phase within a few minutes. During this preparatory phase (about 0.5 d), the nucleus migrates actively and cytoplasmic strands remodel vigorously. Cell wall formation is fol ...
Draft De Novo Transcriptome of the Rat Kangaroo Potorous
... cells, these exogenous genes have come from other species, which can lead to experiment interpretation artifacts due to cross-species differences in sequence and function. Third, many antibodies developed against proteins from other species do not work in rat kangaroo. Fourth, modern genome- or tran ...
... cells, these exogenous genes have come from other species, which can lead to experiment interpretation artifacts due to cross-species differences in sequence and function. Third, many antibodies developed against proteins from other species do not work in rat kangaroo. Fourth, modern genome- or tran ...
Most Human Proteins Made in Both Nucleus and Cytoplasm Turn
... Essentially no signal remains after a 5-min chase (Fig. 1Av). This contrasts with the known half-lives of human proteins (measured using pulses lasting days) of ,20 h (the range of half-lives covers minutes to many tens of hours; [11–12]). However, a 60-min pulse gives sufficient incorporation to al ...
... Essentially no signal remains after a 5-min chase (Fig. 1Av). This contrasts with the known half-lives of human proteins (measured using pulses lasting days) of ,20 h (the range of half-lives covers minutes to many tens of hours; [11–12]). However, a 60-min pulse gives sufficient incorporation to al ...
a pdf version - Dutch Experiment Support Center
... developmental and growth phenomena, and this certainly is the case for research with ¯owering plants (Dutcher et al. 1994). Therefore, instruments known as clinostats have been developed in an attempt to neutralize unilateral 1-g eects on Earth (reviewed in Salisbury 1993; Claassen and Spooner 1994 ...
... developmental and growth phenomena, and this certainly is the case for research with ¯owering plants (Dutcher et al. 1994). Therefore, instruments known as clinostats have been developed in an attempt to neutralize unilateral 1-g eects on Earth (reviewed in Salisbury 1993; Claassen and Spooner 1994 ...
A Genome-Wide Screen for Bacterial Envelope Biogenesis Mutants
... Bacteria are surrounded by complex structures called cell envelopes that play an essential role in maintaining cellular integrity. Organisms classified as Gram-negative have especially complicated envelopes that consist of two membranes with a tough cell wall exoskeleton sandwiched between them. Thi ...
... Bacteria are surrounded by complex structures called cell envelopes that play an essential role in maintaining cellular integrity. Organisms classified as Gram-negative have especially complicated envelopes that consist of two membranes with a tough cell wall exoskeleton sandwiched between them. Thi ...
Kang, J., A. Volkmann, and D.H. Raulet. 2001. Evidence that gammadelta versus alphabeta T cell fate determination is initiated independently of T cell receptor signaling. J Exp Med 193:689-698.
... cells to differentiate into ␥␦ or ␣ lineage cells, respectively (5, 6). At the other end of the spectrum is the view that lineage commitment is initially TCR independent, with committed cells able to subsequently rearrange all three relevant TCR genes (␥, ␦, and ) (4, 6–9). In this model, TCR sig ...
... cells to differentiate into ␥␦ or ␣ lineage cells, respectively (5, 6). At the other end of the spectrum is the view that lineage commitment is initially TCR independent, with committed cells able to subsequently rearrange all three relevant TCR genes (␥, ␦, and ) (4, 6–9). In this model, TCR sig ...
Perifosine, an oral bioactive novel alkylphospholipid
... Figure 1. Perifosine inhibits Akt phosphorylation and induces cytotoxicity in MM cells. (A) Baseline phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3, and ERK in MM cell lines and tumor cells from MM patients assessed by Western blotting. Lane 1 indicates MM.1S; 2, MM.1R; 3, U266; 4, INA-6; 5, RPMI8226; 6, LR5; 7, Dox ...
... Figure 1. Perifosine inhibits Akt phosphorylation and induces cytotoxicity in MM cells. (A) Baseline phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3, and ERK in MM cell lines and tumor cells from MM patients assessed by Western blotting. Lane 1 indicates MM.1S; 2, MM.1R; 3, U266; 4, INA-6; 5, RPMI8226; 6, LR5; 7, Dox ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.