Characterization of chloroplasts in pavement cells of Arabidopsis
... the increase began within the first hour, and continued to rise throughout the 5 hours of treatment (Fig. 4B). However, the stromule formation response from ...
... the increase began within the first hour, and continued to rise throughout the 5 hours of treatment (Fig. 4B). However, the stromule formation response from ...
Protist Characteristics
... • pseudopod: Temporary, foot-like extension of the cytoplasm that some cells use for movement or feeding. • spore: A reproductive cell produced by various organisms; can withstand harsh environmental conditions. • symbiosis: Close relationship between organisms of different species in which at least ...
... • pseudopod: Temporary, foot-like extension of the cytoplasm that some cells use for movement or feeding. • spore: A reproductive cell produced by various organisms; can withstand harsh environmental conditions. • symbiosis: Close relationship between organisms of different species in which at least ...
BE WHEN THEY GROW UP? Lessons from Epidermal Patterning in
... these cells have an unusual branched shape resulting from a dramatic program of cellular morphogenesis. On stems, trichomes are generally unbranched. The single nucleus of a wild-type trichome continues to replicate its genomic DNA during differentiation, reaching average nuclear DNA levels of 20C–3 ...
... these cells have an unusual branched shape resulting from a dramatic program of cellular morphogenesis. On stems, trichomes are generally unbranched. The single nucleus of a wild-type trichome continues to replicate its genomic DNA during differentiation, reaching average nuclear DNA levels of 20C–3 ...
Endocytosis of cigarette-smoke condensate by rabbit alveolar
... temperature effectively inhibits such mechanisms [22]. On the other hand, an increased fluorescence was observed in both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells at 4oc compared to control samples. Therefore, in the present study, we cannot exclude that some of the fluorescence originates either from flu ...
... temperature effectively inhibits such mechanisms [22]. On the other hand, an increased fluorescence was observed in both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells at 4oc compared to control samples. Therefore, in the present study, we cannot exclude that some of the fluorescence originates either from flu ...
Molecular sieving properties of the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli and
... distributed throughout the cytoplasm (Fig. 2A, subpanel 1). Shifting cells to media of higher osmolality yielded more irregular and often rectangular-shaped structures. The extent of these changes was proportional to the severity of the osmotic upshift applied (Fig. 2A, subpanels 1 to 4). Significan ...
... distributed throughout the cytoplasm (Fig. 2A, subpanel 1). Shifting cells to media of higher osmolality yielded more irregular and often rectangular-shaped structures. The extent of these changes was proportional to the severity of the osmotic upshift applied (Fig. 2A, subpanels 1 to 4). Significan ...
Pattern formation during gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo
... Cell autonomy has been demonstrated recently in a different way. Primary mesenchyme cells from an embryo of one species were transplanted to the blastocoel of a primary mesenchyme-depleted embryo of a second species (Armstrong and McClay, in preparation). The skeleton produced was of the donor pheno ...
... Cell autonomy has been demonstrated recently in a different way. Primary mesenchyme cells from an embryo of one species were transplanted to the blastocoel of a primary mesenchyme-depleted embryo of a second species (Armstrong and McClay, in preparation). The skeleton produced was of the donor pheno ...
autophagy - Botanik in Bonn
... regulated catabolic processes, all of which deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation In animals and yeasts, autophagy is often divided into three main types: Chaperone-mediated autophagy, Microautophagy, Macroautophagy. ...
... regulated catabolic processes, all of which deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation In animals and yeasts, autophagy is often divided into three main types: Chaperone-mediated autophagy, Microautophagy, Macroautophagy. ...
Host B7x Promotes Pulmonary Metastasis of Breast Cancer
... mice on a BALB/c background and a syngeneic pulmonary metastasis model, 4T1, to explore the effect of tissue-expressed B7x on cancer metastasis. Like naive B7x2/2 mice on a 129 background (26), naive BALB/c B7x2/2 mice had no apparent phenotype and had normal numbers and distribution of immune cells ...
... mice on a BALB/c background and a syngeneic pulmonary metastasis model, 4T1, to explore the effect of tissue-expressed B7x on cancer metastasis. Like naive B7x2/2 mice on a 129 background (26), naive BALB/c B7x2/2 mice had no apparent phenotype and had normal numbers and distribution of immune cells ...
Biophysical Investigation on Left Ventricular
... of soluble and membrane-bound cellular proteins, which leads to cell dysfunctions (Brownlee 1988, Watala 1993). Since not only the proteins may be modified in such a way, it is conceivable that diabetic condition would also affect the structure, dynamic properties and related functions (Gennis 1989) ...
... of soluble and membrane-bound cellular proteins, which leads to cell dysfunctions (Brownlee 1988, Watala 1993). Since not only the proteins may be modified in such a way, it is conceivable that diabetic condition would also affect the structure, dynamic properties and related functions (Gennis 1989) ...
Speciation of Small Molecules and Inorganic Ions in Salmon Egg
... (Received September 4, 2002; Accepted October 3, 2002) ...
... (Received September 4, 2002; Accepted October 3, 2002) ...
- UCL Discovery
... protein that shares structural and functional homology with heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and is expressed exclusively in melanogenic cells (Schiaffino et al., 1996; Sone and Orlow, 2007). Mutations in the OA1-encoding gene are responsible for the most common type of ocular albi ...
... protein that shares structural and functional homology with heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and is expressed exclusively in melanogenic cells (Schiaffino et al., 1996; Sone and Orlow, 2007). Mutations in the OA1-encoding gene are responsible for the most common type of ocular albi ...
Effect of n-butanol and cold pretreatment on the cytoskeleton and
... Degradation and recycling of these cytoplasmic components through two different pathways: the ubiquitin-26S proteosome system and autophagy (Alché et al. 2000; Maraschin et al. 2005b). In the next step, the nucleus moves from the periphery to the center of the microspore. Simultaneously, the vacuol ...
... Degradation and recycling of these cytoplasmic components through two different pathways: the ubiquitin-26S proteosome system and autophagy (Alché et al. 2000; Maraschin et al. 2005b). In the next step, the nucleus moves from the periphery to the center of the microspore. Simultaneously, the vacuol ...
N-glycosylation and microtubule integrity are involved in apical
... transmembrane glycoprotein with a highly restricted profile of tissue expression. In addition to the benign prostatic epithelium, PSMA is expressed in tumor-associated neovasculature and at increased levels in most cases of prostate cancer, with the greatest levels associated with high-grade tumors, ...
... transmembrane glycoprotein with a highly restricted profile of tissue expression. In addition to the benign prostatic epithelium, PSMA is expressed in tumor-associated neovasculature and at increased levels in most cases of prostate cancer, with the greatest levels associated with high-grade tumors, ...
Le Van Kim and Wassim El Nemer Grandis, Yves - Labex GR-Ex
... from cultured cells using a commercial kit following the manufacturer’s instructions (NucleospinRNA II; Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany). The RNA samples underwent retrotranscription; the volume of the final reaction mix was 20 l and was composed of 2 g of total RNA, 2 l of 10⫻ PCR buffer, 0.8 l ...
... from cultured cells using a commercial kit following the manufacturer’s instructions (NucleospinRNA II; Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany). The RNA samples underwent retrotranscription; the volume of the final reaction mix was 20 l and was composed of 2 g of total RNA, 2 l of 10⫻ PCR buffer, 0.8 l ...
Herceptin Resistance Database for Understanding
... as ‘Protein kinase superfamily’. This selection will display the present mutation in 632 genes (as mentioned in method) of BT474 cell line. Summary of cell line. This module gives details of genomic information of a cell line in its entirety. It includes a column for overexpressed genes, having ‘exp ...
... as ‘Protein kinase superfamily’. This selection will display the present mutation in 632 genes (as mentioned in method) of BT474 cell line. Summary of cell line. This module gives details of genomic information of a cell line in its entirety. It includes a column for overexpressed genes, having ‘exp ...
N-terminal and C-terminal plasma membrane
... (Received 12 May 1999, revised 1 June 1999, accepted 13 August 1999) ...
... (Received 12 May 1999, revised 1 June 1999, accepted 13 August 1999) ...
Plant Phosphoglycerolipids: The Gatekeepers of Vascular Cell
... Plant Phosphoglycerolipids: The Gatekeepers of Vascular Cell Differentiation Bojan Gujas and Antia Rodriguez-Villalon * Vascular Development Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland ...
... Plant Phosphoglycerolipids: The Gatekeepers of Vascular Cell Differentiation Bojan Gujas and Antia Rodriguez-Villalon * Vascular Development Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland ...
Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004 Feb 20
... kindlerin protein. Taken together with the observation that kindlerin is overexpressed in colon and lung carcinomas (2), our data support a role for kindlerin in mammalian cell adhesion and suggest that kindlerin may mediate TGFβ signaling in tumor progression via contributions to ...
... kindlerin protein. Taken together with the observation that kindlerin is overexpressed in colon and lung carcinomas (2), our data support a role for kindlerin in mammalian cell adhesion and suggest that kindlerin may mediate TGFβ signaling in tumor progression via contributions to ...
INTERLEUKIN 6 DECREASES CELL
... was designated as epithelioid if over half of the cells in the colony had a polygonal shape, and nonepithelioid if less than half were polygonal. The polygonal T47D cells were flatter and had clearer borders than ZR75-1 cells . The nonpolygonal cells were angular in shape and commonly possessed proc ...
... was designated as epithelioid if over half of the cells in the colony had a polygonal shape, and nonepithelioid if less than half were polygonal. The polygonal T47D cells were flatter and had clearer borders than ZR75-1 cells . The nonpolygonal cells were angular in shape and commonly possessed proc ...
Waite Study Guide for Quiz/Exam 1 Quiz 1
... Be able to define and differentiate between adhesion and cohesion; know the property of water that allows it to be both cohesive and adhesive; know the phenomena that result from the interplay between these forces ...
... Be able to define and differentiate between adhesion and cohesion; know the property of water that allows it to be both cohesive and adhesive; know the phenomena that result from the interplay between these forces ...
An Equatorial Contractile Mechanism Drives Cell Elongation but not
... constriction and bleb-associated contractions drive cell elongation in Ciona. We conclude that cells can utilize a cytokinesis-like force generation mechanism to promote cell shape change instead of cell division. actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin mediates actin filament turnover [24,25]. In ...
... constriction and bleb-associated contractions drive cell elongation in Ciona. We conclude that cells can utilize a cytokinesis-like force generation mechanism to promote cell shape change instead of cell division. actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin mediates actin filament turnover [24,25]. In ...
Working paper - Complex Systems Lab
... distribution of osmotic pressures along the membrane is related to the non-uniform, enzyme-driven metabolite distribution inside the vesicle, with metabolic reactions taking place in specific locations, where metabolic centers are located. These centers (using the term coined by Rashevsky) could be ...
... distribution of osmotic pressures along the membrane is related to the non-uniform, enzyme-driven metabolite distribution inside the vesicle, with metabolic reactions taking place in specific locations, where metabolic centers are located. These centers (using the term coined by Rashevsky) could be ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.