Structure and Function of Plant Cell Wall Proteins
... components, but relatively little is known about their precise functions and intermolecular interactions. In this review, I will discuss the accumulated structural and regulatory data and the much more limited functional and intermolecular interaction information on five plant cell wall protein clas ...
... components, but relatively little is known about their precise functions and intermolecular interactions. In this review, I will discuss the accumulated structural and regulatory data and the much more limited functional and intermolecular interaction information on five plant cell wall protein clas ...
Novel adenosine and cAMP signalling pathways in migrating glial
... In previous studies we have demonstrated that the rate of migration of CG cells is dependent on both resting Ca2+ levels and amplitude of spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations generated in glial cells [11], and it would therefore be plausible that adenosine affects migration via modifications of calcium sign ...
... In previous studies we have demonstrated that the rate of migration of CG cells is dependent on both resting Ca2+ levels and amplitude of spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations generated in glial cells [11], and it would therefore be plausible that adenosine affects migration via modifications of calcium sign ...
Opposite Effects of Tor1 and Tor2 on Nitrogen Starvation
... fnx11 mRNA was also increased when tor21 was repressed (Figure 1D). Peak levels were seen 8 hr after tor21 was repressed, at the time just before cell growth was dramatically reduced. Another hallmark of the response to nitrogen starvation is initiation of sexual development, which is completely rep ...
... fnx11 mRNA was also increased when tor21 was repressed (Figure 1D). Peak levels were seen 8 hr after tor21 was repressed, at the time just before cell growth was dramatically reduced. Another hallmark of the response to nitrogen starvation is initiation of sexual development, which is completely rep ...
Histology-Based Screen for Zebrafish Mutants with Abnormal Cell
... Fig. 1. Genetic screen for histologic mutants in zebrafish. N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ethylnitrosourea, ENU) was used to mutagenize adult males, which were outcrossed with homozygous goldenb1 (gol) females to generate F1 progeny for screening. Early pressure parthenogenesis (EP) was used to generate hal ...
... Fig. 1. Genetic screen for histologic mutants in zebrafish. N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ethylnitrosourea, ENU) was used to mutagenize adult males, which were outcrossed with homozygous goldenb1 (gol) females to generate F1 progeny for screening. Early pressure parthenogenesis (EP) was used to generate hal ...
Cell movements driving neuruiation in avian embryos
... (surface epithelial) cells originate from the epiblast of the area pellucida, as far lateral as near the area pellucidaarea opaca border. From this area they stream medially, toward the forming lateral margins of the neural plate. Collectively, movements of the three populations of epiblast cells ge ...
... (surface epithelial) cells originate from the epiblast of the area pellucida, as far lateral as near the area pellucidaarea opaca border. From this area they stream medially, toward the forming lateral margins of the neural plate. Collectively, movements of the three populations of epiblast cells ge ...
Dystroglycan controls signaling of multiple hormones through
... The glands of mid-pregnant ⌬DGK14-Cre mice (Fig. 4A) were not discernibly different from control mice. At L1, pups of control and heterozygous, DGfl/wt;K14-Cre mice were viable; lactation was evident by the appearance of a milk spot in the stomach of pups (supplementary material Fig. S3A) and by the ...
... The glands of mid-pregnant ⌬DGK14-Cre mice (Fig. 4A) were not discernibly different from control mice. At L1, pups of control and heterozygous, DGfl/wt;K14-Cre mice were viable; lactation was evident by the appearance of a milk spot in the stomach of pups (supplementary material Fig. S3A) and by the ...
The role of F-cadherin in localizing cells during neural tube
... that subdivide the neural tube into different regions along the neuraxis (Espeseth et al., 1995). One of these boundaries, termed the sulcus limitans, divides the caudal neural tube into a dorsal half, involved in sensory function (the alar plate), and a ventral half involved in motor function (the ...
... that subdivide the neural tube into different regions along the neuraxis (Espeseth et al., 1995). One of these boundaries, termed the sulcus limitans, divides the caudal neural tube into a dorsal half, involved in sensory function (the alar plate), and a ventral half involved in motor function (the ...
Calibrating Thermometers
... Another check to ensure all is well with the cell, furnace and thermometer is to withdraw the thermometer a few centimeters and check the thermometer's output still remains constant. For slim cells we have simplified matters by recommending they are used in the melt mode. It becomes a simple matter ...
... Another check to ensure all is well with the cell, furnace and thermometer is to withdraw the thermometer a few centimeters and check the thermometer's output still remains constant. For slim cells we have simplified matters by recommending they are used in the melt mode. It becomes a simple matter ...
senescent cells
... Currently available treatments (social supports, mobility aides, and “Band-Aid” treatments for end-stage, downstream symptoms) are not directed at the root causes of age-related dysfunction. Treating chronic diseases one at a time does not suffice (30). Calculations based on mortality data in the Un ...
... Currently available treatments (social supports, mobility aides, and “Band-Aid” treatments for end-stage, downstream symptoms) are not directed at the root causes of age-related dysfunction. Treating chronic diseases one at a time does not suffice (30). Calculations based on mortality data in the Un ...
1749-8104-8-5 - Cambridge Repository
... Keywords: Intrinsic program, Lumen, Neuroepithelial polarity, Neural tube, Zebrafish ...
... Keywords: Intrinsic program, Lumen, Neuroepithelial polarity, Neural tube, Zebrafish ...
PD-1 promotes immune exhaustion by inducing antiviral T cell
... ginal zone macrophages (MZM), myeloid DCs (mDCs), and red pulp macrophages—all populations that reside in the splenic red pulp or marginal zone. We confirmed this immuno histochemically by examining PD-L1 expression on splenic frozen sections (Fig. 2 C). The splenic distribution of PD-L1 in Arm-inf ...
... ginal zone macrophages (MZM), myeloid DCs (mDCs), and red pulp macrophages—all populations that reside in the splenic red pulp or marginal zone. We confirmed this immuno histochemically by examining PD-L1 expression on splenic frozen sections (Fig. 2 C). The splenic distribution of PD-L1 in Arm-inf ...
Monopolar spindle attachment of sister chromatids is ensured by two
... for the high ®delity of monopolar attachment. Fig. 1. Haploid meiosis induced by the mat genes. (A) Changes in nuclear morphology (a) and DNA content (b) of haploid cells containing transcriptionally active mating type genes of the P and M types ...
... for the high ®delity of monopolar attachment. Fig. 1. Haploid meiosis induced by the mat genes. (A) Changes in nuclear morphology (a) and DNA content (b) of haploid cells containing transcriptionally active mating type genes of the P and M types ...
Chapter 1 Jeopardy Review
... Jellyfish, worms, and insects are classified together because none of them have a ______________ to support its body. ...
... Jellyfish, worms, and insects are classified together because none of them have a ______________ to support its body. ...
the cell cycle in action - Oxford Academic
... Nakayama, 2006; Johnson, 2009). One of the most secure systems to control protein activity is selective degradation through the UPS, as it is an irreversible and highly precise mechanism that will ensure the complete loss of function of a given protein. Plant cell-cycle core proteins are also largel ...
... Nakayama, 2006; Johnson, 2009). One of the most secure systems to control protein activity is selective degradation through the UPS, as it is an irreversible and highly precise mechanism that will ensure the complete loss of function of a given protein. Plant cell-cycle core proteins are also largel ...
Adjusted from Momčilović et al., 2012
... issues in need of alterations. The source and availability of the donor tissue are strongly associated with ethical concerns. In addition, the poor survival of the grafts, the low percentage of mDN and the risk of teratoma formation, indicated that an alternative cell source was required for clinica ...
... issues in need of alterations. The source and availability of the donor tissue are strongly associated with ethical concerns. In addition, the poor survival of the grafts, the low percentage of mDN and the risk of teratoma formation, indicated that an alternative cell source was required for clinica ...
Hormones
... The endocrine system is like a radio, “broadcasting” chemical messages. These chemicals, called hormones, are released in one part of the body, travel through the blood, and affect cells in other parts of the body. Hormones can affect almost every cell in the body. ...
... The endocrine system is like a radio, “broadcasting” chemical messages. These chemicals, called hormones, are released in one part of the body, travel through the blood, and affect cells in other parts of the body. Hormones can affect almost every cell in the body. ...
in PDF format
... silica scales and enclosures as well as cellulose cell walls. There are more than 250 genera and 10,000 species of extant diatoms alone. Some groups of the Ochrophyta are primarily freshwater, some are primarily marine, and some, such as diatoms, are common in both fresh and salt water. The brown al ...
... silica scales and enclosures as well as cellulose cell walls. There are more than 250 genera and 10,000 species of extant diatoms alone. Some groups of the Ochrophyta are primarily freshwater, some are primarily marine, and some, such as diatoms, are common in both fresh and salt water. The brown al ...
on the nature of the "non-saturable" migration of
... t r a n s p o r t s y s t e m for ])-amino acids, or for D-alanine specifically, one n o t accessible to the L-isomers, its u p t a k e should r e t a i n a degree of c o n c e n t r a t i o n d e p e n d e n c e in t h e presence of IOO mM L-alanine. Fig. 2 shows v e r y n e a r l y the same rates ...
... t r a n s p o r t s y s t e m for ])-amino acids, or for D-alanine specifically, one n o t accessible to the L-isomers, its u p t a k e should r e t a i n a degree of c o n c e n t r a t i o n d e p e n d e n c e in t h e presence of IOO mM L-alanine. Fig. 2 shows v e r y n e a r l y the same rates ...
Splenic Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Inflammatory Pseudotumor
... differences in the infected cell types.1 Among EBVassociated splenic and hepatic IPTs it is the spindle cell component that is infected, whereas the virus preferentially affects the lymphocytes of EBV-associated nodal cases. The percentage of splenic and hepatic IPTs that are EBV positive is not wel ...
... differences in the infected cell types.1 Among EBVassociated splenic and hepatic IPTs it is the spindle cell component that is infected, whereas the virus preferentially affects the lymphocytes of EBV-associated nodal cases. The percentage of splenic and hepatic IPTs that are EBV positive is not wel ...
Protists
... Paramecium (what we are looking for in pond water) can actually reproduce 2 ways. Normally they reproduce using binary fission. If they get stressed, they will find a partner and reproduce sexually. In this case, it requires 2 parents. The offspring will have parts of both parents in its chrom ...
... Paramecium (what we are looking for in pond water) can actually reproduce 2 ways. Normally they reproduce using binary fission. If they get stressed, they will find a partner and reproduce sexually. In this case, it requires 2 parents. The offspring will have parts of both parents in its chrom ...
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society
... mones?that is, substances that act at to control very low concentrations cell and tissue processes leading to normal growth and development. This vast and complex area of plant research can be touched on only briefly here, but the discovery of numerous plant hormones and their isolation and chemical ...
... mones?that is, substances that act at to control very low concentrations cell and tissue processes leading to normal growth and development. This vast and complex area of plant research can be touched on only briefly here, but the discovery of numerous plant hormones and their isolation and chemical ...
Rapid Movement of Microtubules in Axons
... microtubules move rapidly, but the overall rate of movement is likely to be considerably slower because the movements are also very infrequent. Thus, it appears that both microtubules and neurofilaments move rapidly but intermittently, and that these polymers may actually spend most of their time pa ...
... microtubules move rapidly, but the overall rate of movement is likely to be considerably slower because the movements are also very infrequent. Thus, it appears that both microtubules and neurofilaments move rapidly but intermittently, and that these polymers may actually spend most of their time pa ...
The Use of Conditional Lethal Cell Cycle Mutants for
... that the mutant of interest really has a well defined execution point (i.e., that the cells that divide after the shift to restrictive conditions really are the cells that were latest in the cycle a t the time of the shift). [Illustrations of such corroboration are provided by Hartwell et al. ('73); ...
... that the mutant of interest really has a well defined execution point (i.e., that the cells that divide after the shift to restrictive conditions really are the cells that were latest in the cycle a t the time of the shift). [Illustrations of such corroboration are provided by Hartwell et al. ('73); ...
Boya
... however, it is best to remain non-committal, reporting only gram-positive cocci. Bot genera may be present, but it is particularly important not to direct attention away the possible presence of staphylococci by reporting streptococci even if they are t predominant form, as the staphylococci will no ...
... however, it is best to remain non-committal, reporting only gram-positive cocci. Bot genera may be present, but it is particularly important not to direct attention away the possible presence of staphylococci by reporting streptococci even if they are t predominant form, as the staphylococci will no ...
Characterization of chloroplasts in pavement cells of Arabidopsis
... the increase began within the first hour, and continued to rise throughout the 5 hours of treatment (Fig. 4B). However, the stromule formation response from ...
... the increase began within the first hour, and continued to rise throughout the 5 hours of treatment (Fig. 4B). However, the stromule formation response from ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.