The zebrafish as a model to study intestinal inflammation
... colon), there is functional homology. In zebrafish, three different gut segments are discriminated on the basis of morphology and gene expression: the anterior gut segment (intestinal bulb), midgut and the posterior gut segment (Wallace et al., 2005; Wallace and Pack, 2003). Digestive enzymes are str ...
... colon), there is functional homology. In zebrafish, three different gut segments are discriminated on the basis of morphology and gene expression: the anterior gut segment (intestinal bulb), midgut and the posterior gut segment (Wallace et al., 2005; Wallace and Pack, 2003). Digestive enzymes are str ...
Materials and methods - HAL
... [3H]-ryanodine binding assay - Heavy SR vesicles (1 mg/ml) were incubated at 37°C for 3 hrs in an assay buffer composed of 5 nM [3H]-ryanodine, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EGTA, 2 mM CaCl2 (pCa=5), and 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4. Wild-type or mutant MCab was added to the assay buffer just prior the addition of heavy ...
... [3H]-ryanodine binding assay - Heavy SR vesicles (1 mg/ml) were incubated at 37°C for 3 hrs in an assay buffer composed of 5 nM [3H]-ryanodine, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EGTA, 2 mM CaCl2 (pCa=5), and 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4. Wild-type or mutant MCab was added to the assay buffer just prior the addition of heavy ...
Solvent Properties of Ground Substance Studied by
... cellular material differs from a gelatin gel . This is important, not only because (for most solutes) the solvent properties of dilute gelatin gels resemble those of ordinary aqueous solutions but also because gelatin gels can be used in conventional dialysis experiments to "refer" intracellular con ...
... cellular material differs from a gelatin gel . This is important, not only because (for most solutes) the solvent properties of dilute gelatin gels resemble those of ordinary aqueous solutions but also because gelatin gels can be used in conventional dialysis experiments to "refer" intracellular con ...
Anatomy, Ultrastructure and Physiology of Hornwort Stomata
... especially among the basal phyla (Renzaglia et al. 2000). Although diverse in microanatomy, all stomata are composed of two adjacent guard cells that function in response to changes in turgor pressure. In face view, two basic guard cell morphologies are found: reniform and graminicous, the latter pr ...
... especially among the basal phyla (Renzaglia et al. 2000). Although diverse in microanatomy, all stomata are composed of two adjacent guard cells that function in response to changes in turgor pressure. In face view, two basic guard cell morphologies are found: reniform and graminicous, the latter pr ...
Full Text - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard
... In melanoma patients, one of the main reasons for tumor immune escape and therapy failure is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, suppressive immune cells and inhibitory factors secreted by the tumor itself play a central role. In the present study we show that the Treg activation m ...
... In melanoma patients, one of the main reasons for tumor immune escape and therapy failure is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, suppressive immune cells and inhibitory factors secreted by the tumor itself play a central role. In the present study we show that the Treg activation m ...
Cellular Senescence and the Biology of Aging, Disease, and Frailty
... play a role in aging, it has been more widely appreciated as a fundamental anticancer defense. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that in addition to replication-induced senescence, cellular senescence is associated with diverse stimuli, including telomere erosion, DNA lesions, reactive oxygen spe ...
... play a role in aging, it has been more widely appreciated as a fundamental anticancer defense. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that in addition to replication-induced senescence, cellular senescence is associated with diverse stimuli, including telomere erosion, DNA lesions, reactive oxygen spe ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans
... layer is an elastic three-dimensional network of branched b (1,3)-glucan molecules that are locally aligned and is kept together by hydrogen bonding. This network acts as a scaffold for the attachment of the other macromolecules in the cell wall. Surarit et al. [23] have presented evidence that in C ...
... layer is an elastic three-dimensional network of branched b (1,3)-glucan molecules that are locally aligned and is kept together by hydrogen bonding. This network acts as a scaffold for the attachment of the other macromolecules in the cell wall. Surarit et al. [23] have presented evidence that in C ...
Comparative Study of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Diagnosis Methods
... to patients 9, 15A, and 4, respectively, some representative cases of LSCD are shown, each from a different hospital. Of the 59 eyes included in this study, 47 IC samples were also available for PAS-hematoxylin staining. The results indicated that of these, 17 (36.2%) had conjunctival goblet cells i ...
... to patients 9, 15A, and 4, respectively, some representative cases of LSCD are shown, each from a different hospital. Of the 59 eyes included in this study, 47 IC samples were also available for PAS-hematoxylin staining. The results indicated that of these, 17 (36.2%) had conjunctival goblet cells i ...
Biology model exam answers
... removed from the egg cell before fusion What is adult cell cloning? (Dolly the sheep) (4 marks) This is where a nucleus is taken from the cell of an adult organism and put into an enucleated egg from another organism of the same species. An electric shock is given and the new egg is put into a surro ...
... removed from the egg cell before fusion What is adult cell cloning? (Dolly the sheep) (4 marks) This is where a nucleus is taken from the cell of an adult organism and put into an enucleated egg from another organism of the same species. An electric shock is given and the new egg is put into a surro ...
Model Answers for Biology
... removed from the egg cell before fusion What is adult cell cloning? (Dolly the sheep) (4 marks) This is where a nucleus is taken from the cell of an adult organism and put into an enucleated egg from another organism of the same species. An electric shock is given and the new egg is put into a surro ...
... removed from the egg cell before fusion What is adult cell cloning? (Dolly the sheep) (4 marks) This is where a nucleus is taken from the cell of an adult organism and put into an enucleated egg from another organism of the same species. An electric shock is given and the new egg is put into a surro ...
PP Chapter 15 Text
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley ...
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley ...
Model Answers For Biology B1
... removed from the egg cell before fusion What is adult cell cloning? (Dolly the sheep) (4 marks) This is where a nucleus is taken from the cell of an adult organism and put into an enucleated egg from another organism of the same species. An electric shock is given and the new egg is put into a surro ...
... removed from the egg cell before fusion What is adult cell cloning? (Dolly the sheep) (4 marks) This is where a nucleus is taken from the cell of an adult organism and put into an enucleated egg from another organism of the same species. An electric shock is given and the new egg is put into a surro ...
Model Answers For Biology
... removed from the egg cell before fusion What is adult cell cloning? (Dolly the sheep) (4 marks) This is where a nucleus is taken from the cell of an adult organism and put into an enucleated egg from another organism of the same species. An electric shock is given and the new egg is put into a surro ...
... removed from the egg cell before fusion What is adult cell cloning? (Dolly the sheep) (4 marks) This is where a nucleus is taken from the cell of an adult organism and put into an enucleated egg from another organism of the same species. An electric shock is given and the new egg is put into a surro ...
The role of the cytoskeleton in the polarized growth of
... involved in the incorporation of new membrane and cellwall material, can be observed by electron microscopy (Akashi etal., 1993; Grove, 1978). The similarity in terms of distribution between actin and wall vesicles suggests that the accumulation of F-actin is probably involved in the localization of ...
... involved in the incorporation of new membrane and cellwall material, can be observed by electron microscopy (Akashi etal., 1993; Grove, 1978). The similarity in terms of distribution between actin and wall vesicles suggests that the accumulation of F-actin is probably involved in the localization of ...
Cardiac Cell Lineages that Form the Heart
... the second lineage is the source of outflow tract and most right ventricular myocardium, with both lineages contributing to the atria and other parts of the heart (Meilhac et al. 2004). The size of first or second lineage clones gives an indication of when segregation of the two lineages took place, ...
... the second lineage is the source of outflow tract and most right ventricular myocardium, with both lineages contributing to the atria and other parts of the heart (Meilhac et al. 2004). The size of first or second lineage clones gives an indication of when segregation of the two lineages took place, ...
CD34+ Cells: A Comparison of Stem and Progenitor
... from the hematopoietic compartment (Ivanovic, 2010). CD34 was first identified in 1984, and was long considered to be a marker for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, although subsequent characterization indicated that it was also expressed in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, interstitial ...
... from the hematopoietic compartment (Ivanovic, 2010). CD34 was first identified in 1984, and was long considered to be a marker for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, although subsequent characterization indicated that it was also expressed in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, interstitial ...
Challenges to our current view on chloroplasts
... known to be targeted, as in eukaryotic cells, to specific locations in the bacterial cell or to undergo rapid directed changes in localization. It has been shown that all cytoskeletal proteins known from eukaryotic cells are also present and functional in prokaryotes. Bacterial tubulin (FtsZ), actin ...
... known to be targeted, as in eukaryotic cells, to specific locations in the bacterial cell or to undergo rapid directed changes in localization. It has been shown that all cytoskeletal proteins known from eukaryotic cells are also present and functional in prokaryotes. Bacterial tubulin (FtsZ), actin ...
GALLOYLGLUCOSES OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AS
... From the Section of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 ...
... From the Section of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 ...
B. - Genetics
... positive cells to switch their state of expression, as measured by the fraction of negative cells that arose in subclones after a defined period of time, usually a few weeks. We refer to the cells of #19 as stable positive cells, because they did not yield detectable negative cells, and the cells of ...
... positive cells to switch their state of expression, as measured by the fraction of negative cells that arose in subclones after a defined period of time, usually a few weeks. We refer to the cells of #19 as stable positive cells, because they did not yield detectable negative cells, and the cells of ...
Why are bacteria different from eukaryotes? INTERVIE W Open Access Julie A Theriot*
... of the kinetochores must be attached before the next step can proceed [18]. In contrast, bacteria that have multiple chromosomes seem to segregate them by using independent, orthogonal machineries specific for each chromosome [19], and don’t appear to have anything as general or as scalable as a mit ...
... of the kinetochores must be attached before the next step can proceed [18]. In contrast, bacteria that have multiple chromosomes seem to segregate them by using independent, orthogonal machineries specific for each chromosome [19], and don’t appear to have anything as general or as scalable as a mit ...
Opposite Effects of Tor1 and Tor2 on Nitrogen Starvation
... fnx11 mRNA was also increased when tor21 was repressed (Figure 1D). Peak levels were seen 8 hr after tor21 was repressed, at the time just before cell growth was dramatically reduced. Another hallmark of the response to nitrogen starvation is initiation of sexual development, which is completely rep ...
... fnx11 mRNA was also increased when tor21 was repressed (Figure 1D). Peak levels were seen 8 hr after tor21 was repressed, at the time just before cell growth was dramatically reduced. Another hallmark of the response to nitrogen starvation is initiation of sexual development, which is completely rep ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.