Septo-temporal gradients of neurogenesis and activity in 13
... in the water maze trained rats (40–46 sections per rat). Quantification of Fos+ granule cells was performed on every 10th section in the water maze trained, swim control and cage control rats. Nuclei were counted as positive for Fos expression if the Fos signal stood out clearly compared to the surr ...
... in the water maze trained rats (40–46 sections per rat). Quantification of Fos+ granule cells was performed on every 10th section in the water maze trained, swim control and cage control rats. Nuclei were counted as positive for Fos expression if the Fos signal stood out clearly compared to the surr ...
chapt 4
... Molecules entering the cell bind to receptor proteins first. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Molecules entering the cell bind to receptor proteins first. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
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... stained cells (Fig. 3a, lower), whereas the early P labeling pattern consists of a longitudinal band of stained cells. The lateral edge of this band is smooth but from its medial edge a finger of stained cells projects toward the ventral midline in each segment (Fig. 3a, upper). In six of the nine e ...
... stained cells (Fig. 3a, lower), whereas the early P labeling pattern consists of a longitudinal band of stained cells. The lateral edge of this band is smooth but from its medial edge a finger of stained cells projects toward the ventral midline in each segment (Fig. 3a, upper). In six of the nine e ...
Toll-like receptor signaling in cell proliferation and survival
... of TLRs. There are five such adaptor proteins in mammals, all of which possess the conserved TIR domain which upon TLR stimulation undergo homotypic interactions with the cytosolic TIR domain of the receptor [13]. Myeloid differentiation antigen 88 (MyD88) is a central adaptor required by all TLRs ex ...
... of TLRs. There are five such adaptor proteins in mammals, all of which possess the conserved TIR domain which upon TLR stimulation undergo homotypic interactions with the cytosolic TIR domain of the receptor [13]. Myeloid differentiation antigen 88 (MyD88) is a central adaptor required by all TLRs ex ...
L-Carnosine reduces telomere damage and shortening
... weekly changes of fully supplemented medium supplied with or without 20 mM carnosine. The control cells were kept in normal proliferation and subcultured at the same time. For tracing telomere length, cells were serially subcultured, and sampled at different population doubling levels for telomere le ...
... weekly changes of fully supplemented medium supplied with or without 20 mM carnosine. The control cells were kept in normal proliferation and subcultured at the same time. For tracing telomere length, cells were serially subcultured, and sampled at different population doubling levels for telomere le ...
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... specific E2FA [13,30]. After DNA replication at S phase, CYCBs associate with CDKA or CDKB to promote G2/M transition [31], CYCB1;1 being a typical division marker of the apical meristem [32]. In a manner analogous to E2F in G1/S, the G2 CYC-CDKA/B complexes phosphorylate several G2-specific transcr ...
... specific E2FA [13,30]. After DNA replication at S phase, CYCBs associate with CDKA or CDKB to promote G2/M transition [31], CYCB1;1 being a typical division marker of the apical meristem [32]. In a manner analogous to E2F in G1/S, the G2 CYC-CDKA/B complexes phosphorylate several G2-specific transcr ...
to the complete text
... interested in modeling hyphal growth. In addition to the rounded profiles of hyphae that have been described by mycologists since Reinhardt (1892), we must now consider how tips can produce fine projections. Bowen and colleagues show that a ‘microtip’ can form at the apex of Aspergillus niger hyphae ...
... interested in modeling hyphal growth. In addition to the rounded profiles of hyphae that have been described by mycologists since Reinhardt (1892), we must now consider how tips can produce fine projections. Bowen and colleagues show that a ‘microtip’ can form at the apex of Aspergillus niger hyphae ...
ER Membrane Protein Complex Required for Nuclear
... The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 132, Number 4, February 1996 499-509 ...
... The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 132, Number 4, February 1996 499-509 ...
Platelet
... Influences all stages of megakaryocyte production Made in liver, kidney and spleen Binds receptors in peripheral blood ...
... Influences all stages of megakaryocyte production Made in liver, kidney and spleen Binds receptors in peripheral blood ...
The grass leaf developmental gradient as a platform for a
... specialized anatomy of C4 leaves appears to rely on spatial and quantitative variations in features that already exist in C3 species, based on quantitative anatomical and developmental observations (Gutierrez et al., 1974; Laetsch, 1974; Hattersley and Watson, 1976; Dengler et al., 1994; Sinha and K ...
... specialized anatomy of C4 leaves appears to rely on spatial and quantitative variations in features that already exist in C3 species, based on quantitative anatomical and developmental observations (Gutierrez et al., 1974; Laetsch, 1974; Hattersley and Watson, 1976; Dengler et al., 1994; Sinha and K ...
A theoretical model based upon mast cells and histamine to explain
... in focus. This is mainly because of the rapid increasing use of such EMFs within our modern society. Exposure to EMFs has been linked to different cancer forms, e.g. leukemia, brain tumors, neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, asthma and allergy, and recently to the phenomena of ‘elec ...
... in focus. This is mainly because of the rapid increasing use of such EMFs within our modern society. Exposure to EMFs has been linked to different cancer forms, e.g. leukemia, brain tumors, neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, asthma and allergy, and recently to the phenomena of ‘elec ...
Glucocorticoid-Induced Plasma Membrane Depolarization during
... dye that responds to changes in plasma membrane potential (18, 30). Figure 1 provides an example of DiBAC4(3) fluorescence in freshly isolated thymocytes, spontaneously dying thymocytes, and thymocytes treated with dexamethasone for 6 h. Freshly isolated thymocytes have low DiBAC4(3) fluorescence, i ...
... dye that responds to changes in plasma membrane potential (18, 30). Figure 1 provides an example of DiBAC4(3) fluorescence in freshly isolated thymocytes, spontaneously dying thymocytes, and thymocytes treated with dexamethasone for 6 h. Freshly isolated thymocytes have low DiBAC4(3) fluorescence, i ...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
... factor signals. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry of the bacterial partner, the molecular mechanisms of nodule organogenesis programmed in the host legume plant are still imperfectly understood. Plant growth is the result ...
... factor signals. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry of the bacterial partner, the molecular mechanisms of nodule organogenesis programmed in the host legume plant are still imperfectly understood. Plant growth is the result ...
The grass leaf developmental gradient as a
... relatives, often producing a 1:1 ratio of surrounding BS and M cells that is favourable for 2-cell C4 metabolism. Within taxonomic groups that include related C4 and C3 species, the C4 species have a significantly smaller leaf interveinal distance and cell number than their C3 relatives (Crookston a ...
... relatives, often producing a 1:1 ratio of surrounding BS and M cells that is favourable for 2-cell C4 metabolism. Within taxonomic groups that include related C4 and C3 species, the C4 species have a significantly smaller leaf interveinal distance and cell number than their C3 relatives (Crookston a ...
A Golgi and tonoplast localized Sacyl transferase is involved in cell
... patterns in cellular membrane compartments which are different from their counterparts in yeast and mammals (Batistic, 2012). As part of an effort to determine the biological functions of Arabidopsis PATs we analysed two T-DNA insertion lines (Alonso et al., 2003) of AtPAT10 (At3g51390), investigat ...
... patterns in cellular membrane compartments which are different from their counterparts in yeast and mammals (Batistic, 2012). As part of an effort to determine the biological functions of Arabidopsis PATs we analysed two T-DNA insertion lines (Alonso et al., 2003) of AtPAT10 (At3g51390), investigat ...
Cell-wall carbohydrates and their modification as a resource for
... such as bioethanol (Schubert, 2006). However, plants have evolved wall structures to accommodate their needs in completing their lifecycle, not to suit mankind’s desire to exploit this resource for the production of biofuels. As a result, cell walls are naturally resistant to breakdown by mechanical ...
... such as bioethanol (Schubert, 2006). However, plants have evolved wall structures to accommodate their needs in completing their lifecycle, not to suit mankind’s desire to exploit this resource for the production of biofuels. As a result, cell walls are naturally resistant to breakdown by mechanical ...
Signal Requirements for the Generation of CD4+ and CD8+ T
... with or without irradiated (30 Gy) allogeneic stimulator ECs (lx 104/well), irradiated autologous ACs (1 x 104/well), and IL-1 or IL-2 at the indicated concentrations. Proliferation was assessed at day 7 by the addition of 1 ,uCi/well [3H]thymidine 18 hours before harvest on glass fiber filters. Whe ...
... with or without irradiated (30 Gy) allogeneic stimulator ECs (lx 104/well), irradiated autologous ACs (1 x 104/well), and IL-1 or IL-2 at the indicated concentrations. Proliferation was assessed at day 7 by the addition of 1 ,uCi/well [3H]thymidine 18 hours before harvest on glass fiber filters. Whe ...
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... tact area. For four neurons, these measurements were made for serial sections through the entire cell. We determined that analysis of two sections through the nucleus provided similar results as analysis of serial sections for both somatic area and synaptic appositions. Therefore, we restricted our ...
... tact area. For four neurons, these measurements were made for serial sections through the entire cell. We determined that analysis of two sections through the nucleus provided similar results as analysis of serial sections for both somatic area and synaptic appositions. Therefore, we restricted our ...
J153
... performance using polarization curves with different levels of flooding. However the study does not describe the cell flooding in terms of the liquid water present. Different aspects of the cell structure and composition play important roles in the water management capability of the cell, which incl ...
... performance using polarization curves with different levels of flooding. However the study does not describe the cell flooding in terms of the liquid water present. Different aspects of the cell structure and composition play important roles in the water management capability of the cell, which incl ...
Unicellular Organisms
... organisms can have chlorophyll? A. Euglena and Amoeba B. Amoeba and Paramecium C. Paramecium and Volvox D. Euglena and Volvox ...
... organisms can have chlorophyll? A. Euglena and Amoeba B. Amoeba and Paramecium C. Paramecium and Volvox D. Euglena and Volvox ...
Research Area - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
... disease models. We will also perform mRNA arrays from the identical cell cultures in order to elucidate miRNA:gene expression networks. Aim 1A. Identify novel hBE cell miRNAs by creating libraries and performing deep sequencing from: 1) the ALI hBE cell differentiation time course; 2) the response o ...
... disease models. We will also perform mRNA arrays from the identical cell cultures in order to elucidate miRNA:gene expression networks. Aim 1A. Identify novel hBE cell miRNAs by creating libraries and performing deep sequencing from: 1) the ALI hBE cell differentiation time course; 2) the response o ...
Genome-Wide Identification of Target Genes for the Key B
... quiescent state, since lack of Ets1 leads to premature differentiation into ASCs (22, 23). This is accompanied by a loss of B cell tolerance to self-antigens (24). Ets1−/− mice also lack marginal zone type B cells, possibly because of depletion due to excessive differentiation to ASCs (23, 25). In k ...
... quiescent state, since lack of Ets1 leads to premature differentiation into ASCs (22, 23). This is accompanied by a loss of B cell tolerance to self-antigens (24). Ets1−/− mice also lack marginal zone type B cells, possibly because of depletion due to excessive differentiation to ASCs (23, 25). In k ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.