Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor Signaling in
... background level of differentiation, which is only slightly above the level of differentiation of the parental cell line (or H19-7 cells transduced with the empty vector). Fig. 1B shows that all cell lines fail to grow and actually decrease in number in N2 SFM. Only H19-7/ IGF-IR cells grow at 34°C, ...
... background level of differentiation, which is only slightly above the level of differentiation of the parental cell line (or H19-7 cells transduced with the empty vector). Fig. 1B shows that all cell lines fail to grow and actually decrease in number in N2 SFM. Only H19-7/ IGF-IR cells grow at 34°C, ...
Cellulose orientation determines mechanical anisotropy in onion
... these tissues were determined. It was demonstrated for the first time for higher plants that a net parallel orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the onion epidermis wall coincided with a high mechanical anisotropy. In contrast, the Kalanchoë epidermis had a random net orientation of microfibril ...
... these tissues were determined. It was demonstrated for the first time for higher plants that a net parallel orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the onion epidermis wall coincided with a high mechanical anisotropy. In contrast, the Kalanchoë epidermis had a random net orientation of microfibril ...
LvDelta induces mesoderm and endoderm
... embryo, activation of the Notch signaling pathway causes excess non-skeletogenic mesoderm development, whereas blocking the pathway causes severe deficiencies in the development of all non-skeletogenic mesodermal cell types (Sherwood and McClay, 1999). The Notch signaling pathway is normally activat ...
... embryo, activation of the Notch signaling pathway causes excess non-skeletogenic mesoderm development, whereas blocking the pathway causes severe deficiencies in the development of all non-skeletogenic mesodermal cell types (Sherwood and McClay, 1999). The Notch signaling pathway is normally activat ...
The Expression of Slow Myosin During Mammalian Somitogenesis
... renewed interest in recent years. In fact, recently accumulated data challenge the long held dogma that muscle is composed of a homogeneous population of plastic cells, which express different phenotypes according to extracellular signals such as nerve-derived messages, hormones, etc. (24). The in v ...
... renewed interest in recent years. In fact, recently accumulated data challenge the long held dogma that muscle is composed of a homogeneous population of plastic cells, which express different phenotypes according to extracellular signals such as nerve-derived messages, hormones, etc. (24). The in v ...
Ca2 -Dependent Exocytosis in the Somata of Dorsal Root Ganglion
... measurements of exocytosis. Rapid endocytotic events have been observed in our cells (Figures 1B, 3, and 4B) and in other preparations (Thomas et al., 1994; Artalejo et al., 1995). The episodes could be easily discerned by their abrupt onset after strong stimulations and the characteristic time cour ...
... measurements of exocytosis. Rapid endocytotic events have been observed in our cells (Figures 1B, 3, and 4B) and in other preparations (Thomas et al., 1994; Artalejo et al., 1995). The episodes could be easily discerned by their abrupt onset after strong stimulations and the characteristic time cour ...
Full-Text PDF
... experimental assays. These DCMECs exhibited the typical cobblestone-like morphology that differed significantly from fibroblasts; we also found the expression of the epithelial cell-specific keratin CK18. Furthermore, analysis of the lactating ability of DCMECs revealed that these DCMECs can synthes ...
... experimental assays. These DCMECs exhibited the typical cobblestone-like morphology that differed significantly from fibroblasts; we also found the expression of the epithelial cell-specific keratin CK18. Furthermore, analysis of the lactating ability of DCMECs revealed that these DCMECs can synthes ...
The Journal of Experimental Medicine
... ligand (TRAIL)-Rs (for review see reference 3). Stimulation of TRAIL-Rs is supposed to kill predominantly transformed but not normal cells, which is the reason why soluble TRAIL might be of interest for cancer therapy (3). To avoid cellular self-destruction, death receptor systems have to be tightly ...
... ligand (TRAIL)-Rs (for review see reference 3). Stimulation of TRAIL-Rs is supposed to kill predominantly transformed but not normal cells, which is the reason why soluble TRAIL might be of interest for cancer therapy (3). To avoid cellular self-destruction, death receptor systems have to be tightly ...
生醫奈米影像技術
... excitation wavelength (some fluorophores emit from higher energy states, but such activity is rare). The shorter wavelength ultraviolet absorption peak (310 nanometers) is due to an excitation transition to the second excited state (from S(0) to S(2)) that quickly relaxes to the lowest excited state ...
... excitation wavelength (some fluorophores emit from higher energy states, but such activity is rare). The shorter wavelength ultraviolet absorption peak (310 nanometers) is due to an excitation transition to the second excited state (from S(0) to S(2)) that quickly relaxes to the lowest excited state ...
Yersinia pestis targets neutrophils via complement receptor 3
... cells were targeted until late in infection (i.e. > 107 CFU). Importantly, the percentage of injected monocytes and neutrophils increased dramatically and significantly by about 106 CFU and then remained high as bacterial burden increased (Fig. 2A). Despite this persistent targeting of neutrophils a ...
... cells were targeted until late in infection (i.e. > 107 CFU). Importantly, the percentage of injected monocytes and neutrophils increased dramatically and significantly by about 106 CFU and then remained high as bacterial burden increased (Fig. 2A). Despite this persistent targeting of neutrophils a ...
Cells
... to extract intact ER starts the biosynthetic pathways form many protein and lipid molecules in the cell These continue in the Golgi apparatus Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it as opposed to Smooth ER The proteins are made on rough ER will eventually be secreted outside the cell ...
... to extract intact ER starts the biosynthetic pathways form many protein and lipid molecules in the cell These continue in the Golgi apparatus Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it as opposed to Smooth ER The proteins are made on rough ER will eventually be secreted outside the cell ...
TRANSPORT OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CALCIUM ACROSS
... as opposed to 30 min for the control curve. Since it is not feasible experimentally to follow a complete time course with all the concentrations of F M L P needed for a dose response curve, we chose to measure the radioactivity in the cell at two preset points in time (5 and 30 min). From the slopes ...
... as opposed to 30 min for the control curve. Since it is not feasible experimentally to follow a complete time course with all the concentrations of F M L P needed for a dose response curve, we chose to measure the radioactivity in the cell at two preset points in time (5 and 30 min). From the slopes ...
On the mechanisms of nectar secretion: revisited
... pre-nectar components into the apoplasm. This invalidates the apoplasmic model. Neither model provides an explanation for the origin of the driving force for nectar discharge. † Proposal A new model is proposed in which nectar moves by a pressure-driven mass flow in the nectary apoplasm while pre-ne ...
... pre-nectar components into the apoplasm. This invalidates the apoplasmic model. Neither model provides an explanation for the origin of the driving force for nectar discharge. † Proposal A new model is proposed in which nectar moves by a pressure-driven mass flow in the nectary apoplasm while pre-ne ...
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Multiple
... 40) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effec ...
... 40) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effec ...
Functional differences between kindlin-1 and kindlin
... Our data suggest that kindlin-2 binds specifically to b1 but not b6. To localize the region of the b-tails responsible for this effect, we generated chimeric b1-b6 tails by swapping the sequences of b1 and b6 after the first NPxY motif. GST–b1-b6 was generated by replacing residues 784–798 of b1 wit ...
... Our data suggest that kindlin-2 binds specifically to b1 but not b6. To localize the region of the b-tails responsible for this effect, we generated chimeric b1-b6 tails by swapping the sequences of b1 and b6 after the first NPxY motif. GST–b1-b6 was generated by replacing residues 784–798 of b1 wit ...
Haematopoietic and immune defects associated with GATA2 mutation
... the embryo, GATA2 is pivotal in the endothelial to haematopoietic transition that produces the first adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and consequently, homozygous knock-out is lethal due to the failure of definitive haematopoiesis (Tsai et al, 1994). In adult haematopoiesis, GATA2 is required ...
... the embryo, GATA2 is pivotal in the endothelial to haematopoietic transition that produces the first adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and consequently, homozygous knock-out is lethal due to the failure of definitive haematopoiesis (Tsai et al, 1994). In adult haematopoiesis, GATA2 is required ...
PDF
... the n bandlet can be distinguished after their first divisions (Zackson, 1984). Cells in one class (called nf) undergo an asymmetric division (large anterior daughter and small posterior daughter) approximately 22 h after they are born, whereas those in the other class (called ns) undergo a symmetri ...
... the n bandlet can be distinguished after their first divisions (Zackson, 1984). Cells in one class (called nf) undergo an asymmetric division (large anterior daughter and small posterior daughter) approximately 22 h after they are born, whereas those in the other class (called ns) undergo a symmetri ...
4-1
... molecule being transported through the membrane, but operate like gates. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... molecule being transported through the membrane, but operate like gates. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Fifty Ways to Make a Neuron:* Shifts in Stem Cell Hierarchy and
... Fig. 1. Shifts in stem cell hierarchy. Traditional concepts postulate a continuous decrease in stem cell potentiality and early segregation into tissue-specific compartments. Recent data on nuclear reprogramming, transdifferentiation of somatic stem cells, and the direct transition from an embryonic ...
... Fig. 1. Shifts in stem cell hierarchy. Traditional concepts postulate a continuous decrease in stem cell potentiality and early segregation into tissue-specific compartments. Recent data on nuclear reprogramming, transdifferentiation of somatic stem cells, and the direct transition from an embryonic ...
Full-Text PDF
... Herpesviruses are large and structurally complex DNA viruses that infect a wide variety of vertebrates and cause many clinical and veterinary problems. The envelope of herpesviruses includes many different viral envelope proteins, for example the alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) envel ...
... Herpesviruses are large and structurally complex DNA viruses that infect a wide variety of vertebrates and cause many clinical and veterinary problems. The envelope of herpesviruses includes many different viral envelope proteins, for example the alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) envel ...
Isolation and Pure Culture of a Freshwater Magnetic Spirillum in
... were noted in several tubes which had become 0.25 by 4 to 0.25 by 6 um. Cell length and slightly oxidized (pink) at the time cells were wavelength were variable, with shorter, more injected. Microscopic examination revealed that tightly coiled forms often predominating earlier these areas consisted ...
... were noted in several tubes which had become 0.25 by 4 to 0.25 by 6 um. Cell length and slightly oxidized (pink) at the time cells were wavelength were variable, with shorter, more injected. Microscopic examination revealed that tightly coiled forms often predominating earlier these areas consisted ...
Effects of Lignification, Cellulose Crystallinity and Enzyme
... cell wall polysaccharide digestion is also unknown, but it is possible that thi s limitation is due to lignin's physical protection of cell wall carbohydrates and its hydrophobic c haracter (Van Soest, 1982). The physical protection and hydrophobic nature of core lignin would exclude microbes from r ...
... cell wall polysaccharide digestion is also unknown, but it is possible that thi s limitation is due to lignin's physical protection of cell wall carbohydrates and its hydrophobic c haracter (Van Soest, 1982). The physical protection and hydrophobic nature of core lignin would exclude microbes from r ...
Plankton Biol. Ecol. 52(2), Page 67, 2005
... 0.007 fmol cell"1 min"1 to 0.150 fmol cell"1 min"1. All AP ...
... 0.007 fmol cell"1 min"1 to 0.150 fmol cell"1 min"1. All AP ...
PP Chapter 15 Clicker
... C. A portion of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off. D. Diffusion of material through the cell wall. Explanation: When a message molecule reaches the specific receptor protein it can bind to, it sets off a series of chemical reactions that ultimately lead to the cell responding to the ...
... C. A portion of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off. D. Diffusion of material through the cell wall. Explanation: When a message molecule reaches the specific receptor protein it can bind to, it sets off a series of chemical reactions that ultimately lead to the cell responding to the ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.