The ~53 Proto-Oncogene Can Act as a Suppressor of Transformation
... et al., 1988; Whyte et al., 1988). Deletion or inactivation of the Rb gene predisposes individuals to the development of human malignant retinoblastoma (Friend et al., 1986; Lee et al., 1987), and abnormalities in the Rb locus have recently been detected in osteosarcomas (Friend et al., 1986) small ...
... et al., 1988; Whyte et al., 1988). Deletion or inactivation of the Rb gene predisposes individuals to the development of human malignant retinoblastoma (Friend et al., 1986; Lee et al., 1987), and abnormalities in the Rb locus have recently been detected in osteosarcomas (Friend et al., 1986) small ...
Truncated products of the vestigial proliferation gene
... disc integrating developmental cues by its two enhancers, the `boundary' and the `quadrant' enhancers. Ectopic expression of vg in all imaginal discs leads to ectopic proliferation of wing tissue.8 All vg mutants characterized so far have been considered to be hypomorph with a wing phentoype due to ...
... disc integrating developmental cues by its two enhancers, the `boundary' and the `quadrant' enhancers. Ectopic expression of vg in all imaginal discs leads to ectopic proliferation of wing tissue.8 All vg mutants characterized so far have been considered to be hypomorph with a wing phentoype due to ...
Development
... concomitantly in several cells, giving rise to a broad and elevated zone at the surface of the root. Lateral root primordia start with cell divisions in the pericycle with a clearly recognizable outgrowth of the central cylinder, resulting in a much sharper elevated zone (Fig. 1A,C,E). Nodule and la ...
... concomitantly in several cells, giving rise to a broad and elevated zone at the surface of the root. Lateral root primordia start with cell divisions in the pericycle with a clearly recognizable outgrowth of the central cylinder, resulting in a much sharper elevated zone (Fig. 1A,C,E). Nodule and la ...
Novel Symbiotic Protoplasts Formed by Endophytic Fungi Explain
... ontogeny within Aureobasidium pullulans may involve two organelles: double membrane-bounded promycosome organelles (PMOs) that form mycosomes, and multivesicular bodies that may form plastid-infecting vesicles. Cultured mycosomes also contain a double membrane-bounded organelle, which may be homolog ...
... ontogeny within Aureobasidium pullulans may involve two organelles: double membrane-bounded promycosome organelles (PMOs) that form mycosomes, and multivesicular bodies that may form plastid-infecting vesicles. Cultured mycosomes also contain a double membrane-bounded organelle, which may be homolog ...
Cajal 88 Trends
... revealing of his 'neuron doctrine' bias. These axon terminals have a fusiform shape and are joined to the perikarya, situated at a more external (scleral) layer, through a very thin and rather long axon fiber, as first shown by Stell in 19752°. In most cases it is impossible, in Golgi preparations, ...
... revealing of his 'neuron doctrine' bias. These axon terminals have a fusiform shape and are joined to the perikarya, situated at a more external (scleral) layer, through a very thin and rather long axon fiber, as first shown by Stell in 19752°. In most cases it is impossible, in Golgi preparations, ...
Protection of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Natural and Axotomy
... In situ labeling of fragmented DNA (TUNEL). Whole eyes (six from wild-type and five from bcl-2 mice) were dissected from animals perfused as above, dehydrated in ethanol, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 6 mm on a rotary microtome. Sections were collected on poly-lysinecoated slides, postfixed ...
... In situ labeling of fragmented DNA (TUNEL). Whole eyes (six from wild-type and five from bcl-2 mice) were dissected from animals perfused as above, dehydrated in ethanol, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 6 mm on a rotary microtome. Sections were collected on poly-lysinecoated slides, postfixed ...
PP Chapter 15 Clicker
... C. A portion of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off. D. Diffusion of material through the cell wall. Explanation: When a message molecule reaches the specific receptor protein it can bind to, it sets off a series of chemical reactions that ultimately lead to the cell responding to the ...
... C. A portion of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off. D. Diffusion of material through the cell wall. Explanation: When a message molecule reaches the specific receptor protein it can bind to, it sets off a series of chemical reactions that ultimately lead to the cell responding to the ...
Mechanics and Modeling of Plant Cell Growth
... reversible (elastic) deformation. The relationship between irreversible and elastic cell wall deformation is explicit in the augmented growth equations (equations 1 to 4) and the interplay can be recovered from their solutions for different cases, e.g. pressure relaxations [11,16] and step changes i ...
... reversible (elastic) deformation. The relationship between irreversible and elastic cell wall deformation is explicit in the augmented growth equations (equations 1 to 4) and the interplay can be recovered from their solutions for different cases, e.g. pressure relaxations [11,16] and step changes i ...
Phosphatidylserine, a death knell
... galvanized by the demonstration that phosphatidylserine (PS) appears on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes and contributes to their phagocytosis by activated macrophages.5 The functional importance of the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells would be difficult to overstate. Although in vitro assays of ...
... galvanized by the demonstration that phosphatidylserine (PS) appears on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes and contributes to their phagocytosis by activated macrophages.5 The functional importance of the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells would be difficult to overstate. Although in vitro assays of ...
The Hydra polyp: Nothing but an active stem cell community
... size since growth is just balanced by loss of tissue in the form of buds in the lower gastric region and by sloughing of tissue at the ends of the tentacles and from the basal disk. This combination of uniform growth and local cell loss leads to continuous movement of tissue either up the body colum ...
... size since growth is just balanced by loss of tissue in the form of buds in the lower gastric region and by sloughing of tissue at the ends of the tentacles and from the basal disk. This combination of uniform growth and local cell loss leads to continuous movement of tissue either up the body colum ...
Syndecan-1 regulates αvß5 integrin activity in B82L fibroblasts
... (Sdc1), proteoglycan-deficient Raji cells gain the ability to bind to Sdc1 antibody and spread on Sdc1 antibody-coated surfaces in two phases that depend on the syndecan transmembrane and ectodomains, respectively (Lebakken et al., 2000; Lebakken and Rapraeger, 1996; McQuade and Rapraeger, 2003). Co ...
... (Sdc1), proteoglycan-deficient Raji cells gain the ability to bind to Sdc1 antibody and spread on Sdc1 antibody-coated surfaces in two phases that depend on the syndecan transmembrane and ectodomains, respectively (Lebakken et al., 2000; Lebakken and Rapraeger, 1996; McQuade and Rapraeger, 2003). Co ...
bacterial cell shape - Jacobs-Wagner Lab
... a structure that maintains cell shape and rigidity1–3 — it is clear that its alteration will affect cell morphology. A bacterial cell might therefore control its shape either by directing the location of new wall synthesis during cell growth or by remodelling the peptidoglycan independently of growt ...
... a structure that maintains cell shape and rigidity1–3 — it is clear that its alteration will affect cell morphology. A bacterial cell might therefore control its shape either by directing the location of new wall synthesis during cell growth or by remodelling the peptidoglycan independently of growt ...
Akt blocks ligand binding and protects against expanded
... polyglutamine protein as a consequence of reduced ligand binding. A constitutively active mutant of Akt reduces activation of the AR by androgen, but have diminished effect on the AR with non-phosphorylatable alanine substitutions at S215 and S792, suggesting that Akt represses AR function through p ...
... polyglutamine protein as a consequence of reduced ligand binding. A constitutively active mutant of Akt reduces activation of the AR by androgen, but have diminished effect on the AR with non-phosphorylatable alanine substitutions at S215 and S792, suggesting that Akt represses AR function through p ...
Learning about the Importance of Mutation
... translated to clinical oncology, probably in the patients with an early breast or prostate cancer, their sera still favor the patients’ health by containing cancer cell specific killing or inhibiting components released from the normal cells. These data dovetail with the so-called “neighboring suppr ...
... translated to clinical oncology, probably in the patients with an early breast or prostate cancer, their sera still favor the patients’ health by containing cancer cell specific killing or inhibiting components released from the normal cells. These data dovetail with the so-called “neighboring suppr ...
Chapter 1 - Utrecht University Repository
... receptor (Sheff et al., 1999). In immunoisolation experiments the recycling endosome was isolated. This compartment contains molecules involved in the regulation of transferrin recycling, as rab4, rab11 and cellubrevin and is less acidic than early endosomes because it lacks a functional vacuolar AT ...
... receptor (Sheff et al., 1999). In immunoisolation experiments the recycling endosome was isolated. This compartment contains molecules involved in the regulation of transferrin recycling, as rab4, rab11 and cellubrevin and is less acidic than early endosomes because it lacks a functional vacuolar AT ...
Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED1 regulates organ growth and
... of AtGRF1 ⁄ 2 increases leaf size by generally increasing cell size (Kim et al., 2003). BIGPETAL, a putative transcription factor in Arabidopsis, keeps petal size in check by limiting cell expansion (Szécsi et al., 2006). The Arabidopsis gene ARGOS was identified as an auxininducible gene that enco ...
... of AtGRF1 ⁄ 2 increases leaf size by generally increasing cell size (Kim et al., 2003). BIGPETAL, a putative transcription factor in Arabidopsis, keeps petal size in check by limiting cell expansion (Szécsi et al., 2006). The Arabidopsis gene ARGOS was identified as an auxininducible gene that enco ...
a comparative cytological and morphometric analysis of vacuolation
... malate cycling, Epimashko et al. 2004), which can be distinguishable cytologically (tannin storing and turgor driving, Fleurat-Lessard et al. 1997). These examples show that vacuoles represent dynamic compartments which play important roles in many aspects of plant cell functioning. Pea root nodules ...
... malate cycling, Epimashko et al. 2004), which can be distinguishable cytologically (tannin storing and turgor driving, Fleurat-Lessard et al. 1997). These examples show that vacuoles represent dynamic compartments which play important roles in many aspects of plant cell functioning. Pea root nodules ...
Active cell migration drives the unilateral movements
... migrating proximally and start spreading laterally before reaching the extra-embryonic ectoderm, presumably because they are obstructed by the leading cells. Cells 5 and 6, which are sisters, share a common track before they divide. They have separate tracks after division, but remain in contact wit ...
... migrating proximally and start spreading laterally before reaching the extra-embryonic ectoderm, presumably because they are obstructed by the leading cells. Cells 5 and 6, which are sisters, share a common track before they divide. They have separate tracks after division, but remain in contact wit ...
IDENTIFICATION OF CD133+/NESTIN+ PUTATIVE CANCER STEM
... is now lung cancer1 and a major problem in finding treatments is the frequent resistance to drugs which emerges. This is linked to the development and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) considered to underlie the ability for self renewal, tumourigenicity, plasticity, resistance to chemotherapy ...
... is now lung cancer1 and a major problem in finding treatments is the frequent resistance to drugs which emerges. This is linked to the development and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) considered to underlie the ability for self renewal, tumourigenicity, plasticity, resistance to chemotherapy ...
Mesophyll structure during leaf development in Ballota acetabulosa
... height of spongy ceils was twice that of palisade ceils but the number of palisade cells per unit surface was about twice that of spongy cells (Figs 3€,i-k, 4). Although mitotic figures were not frequently seen in sections, an increase in the total leaf cell number ...
... height of spongy ceils was twice that of palisade ceils but the number of palisade cells per unit surface was about twice that of spongy cells (Figs 3€,i-k, 4). Although mitotic figures were not frequently seen in sections, an increase in the total leaf cell number ...
Introduction
... 1.1 Sorting in polarised cells 1.1.1 Epithelial cells In mammals, epithelial cells form continuous cell layers that cover the body surface and enclose all organs and cavities inside the body. Epithelial cells thus have structural and biological differences, but also many important functions in commo ...
... 1.1 Sorting in polarised cells 1.1.1 Epithelial cells In mammals, epithelial cells form continuous cell layers that cover the body surface and enclose all organs and cavities inside the body. Epithelial cells thus have structural and biological differences, but also many important functions in commo ...
Septo-temporal gradients of neurogenesis and activity in 13
... in the water maze trained rats (40–46 sections per rat). Quantification of Fos+ granule cells was performed on every 10th section in the water maze trained, swim control and cage control rats. Nuclei were counted as positive for Fos expression if the Fos signal stood out clearly compared to the surr ...
... in the water maze trained rats (40–46 sections per rat). Quantification of Fos+ granule cells was performed on every 10th section in the water maze trained, swim control and cage control rats. Nuclei were counted as positive for Fos expression if the Fos signal stood out clearly compared to the surr ...
Document
... Section: External Structures of Bacterial Cells 6) The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called __________. Answer: inclusions Bloom's Rank: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Bacteria 7) Eukaryotic cells use a process known as __________ to obtain li ...
... Section: External Structures of Bacterial Cells 6) The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called __________. Answer: inclusions Bloom's Rank: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Bacteria 7) Eukaryotic cells use a process known as __________ to obtain li ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.