The Golgi Apparatus
... about in the plane of the membrane • This behavior leads to the description of a membrane as a fluid mosaic – Molecules can move freely within the membrane – A diversity of proteins exists within the membrane ...
... about in the plane of the membrane • This behavior leads to the description of a membrane as a fluid mosaic – Molecules can move freely within the membrane – A diversity of proteins exists within the membrane ...
Endocytic membrane fusion and buckling
... partly due to difficulties in identifying the stage of cell progression through telophase. Although cells progress from metaphase to telophase in 20–30 minutes, telophase often lasts up to 2–3 hours before daughter cells undergo their final separation. Traditionally, after the formation of a contrac ...
... partly due to difficulties in identifying the stage of cell progression through telophase. Although cells progress from metaphase to telophase in 20–30 minutes, telophase often lasts up to 2–3 hours before daughter cells undergo their final separation. Traditionally, after the formation of a contrac ...
Primordial germ cells migration: morphological and molecular aspects
... development and migrate by a well-defined route into the genital ridges (Witschi, 1948; Chiqouine, 1954). Since PGCs present high alkaline phosphatase activity, this activity has been used as a marker through which they have been identified in an extra-embryonic region near the yolk sac early in emb ...
... development and migrate by a well-defined route into the genital ridges (Witschi, 1948; Chiqouine, 1954). Since PGCs present high alkaline phosphatase activity, this activity has been used as a marker through which they have been identified in an extra-embryonic region near the yolk sac early in emb ...
Ch 13-15
... husband has type O blood. Which of the following could you conclude from this information? a. The husband could not have fathered either child. b. The husband could have fathered both children. c. The husband must be the father of the child with type O blood and could be the father of the type A chi ...
... husband has type O blood. Which of the following could you conclude from this information? a. The husband could not have fathered either child. b. The husband could have fathered both children. c. The husband must be the father of the child with type O blood and could be the father of the type A chi ...
"Molecular Motors in Plant Cells". In: Molecular Motors
... and dynamics of microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic streaming, cell polarity, cell growth, morphogenesis, chromosome segregation and transport of vesicles, organelles and macromolecular complexes. In eukaryotes, there are three broad families of molecular motors: the kinesins, the d ...
... and dynamics of microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic streaming, cell polarity, cell growth, morphogenesis, chromosome segregation and transport of vesicles, organelles and macromolecular complexes. In eukaryotes, there are three broad families of molecular motors: the kinesins, the d ...
Ex vivo processing for maturation of Arabidopsis
... ribosome-studded membrane with a diameter averaging 1 μm. This organelle was discovered in ultrastructural and cytochemical studies independently by two groups in 1970. It was called “dilated cisternae”, since it seemed to develop from the ER (Vigil 1970), or “ricinosome”, since it was found only in ...
... ribosome-studded membrane with a diameter averaging 1 μm. This organelle was discovered in ultrastructural and cytochemical studies independently by two groups in 1970. It was called “dilated cisternae”, since it seemed to develop from the ER (Vigil 1970), or “ricinosome”, since it was found only in ...
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: A clinicopathological review
... Methods-Data of 11 patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed in a 3 years period. Results- The patients ages ranged from 28 years to 70 years (median 49 years). The tumours were 4 to 10 cm (median 7 cm) in size. Patients underwent modified radical mastectomy and one pa ...
... Methods-Data of 11 patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed in a 3 years period. Results- The patients ages ranged from 28 years to 70 years (median 49 years). The tumours were 4 to 10 cm (median 7 cm) in size. Patients underwent modified radical mastectomy and one pa ...
Heat stress-induced localization of small heat shock
... presence of cycloheximide, a known protein synthesis inhibitor. We observed that aB-crystallin and Hsp25 were still detectable in the cytoplasm upon recovery after heat stress in the presence of cycloheximide. Thus, these results indicate that the sHsps relocate into the cytoplasm during recovery. T ...
... presence of cycloheximide, a known protein synthesis inhibitor. We observed that aB-crystallin and Hsp25 were still detectable in the cytoplasm upon recovery after heat stress in the presence of cycloheximide. Thus, these results indicate that the sHsps relocate into the cytoplasm during recovery. T ...
Integrin inside-out signaling and
... Integrins are heterodimers of noncovalently associated a and b subunits, which each contain large N-terminal extracellular domains, single-span transmembrane domains (TMD), and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains (Figure 1). Eighteen a and eight b subunits come together to form 24 different integrin hete ...
... Integrins are heterodimers of noncovalently associated a and b subunits, which each contain large N-terminal extracellular domains, single-span transmembrane domains (TMD), and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains (Figure 1). Eighteen a and eight b subunits come together to form 24 different integrin hete ...
Systematic identification of cell size regulators in
... How cell size is determined is a fundamental question in cell biology. In most cell types, cell size is set by a feedback between the cell division cycle and mass growth (Jorgensen & Tyers, 2004; Turner et al, 2012). The specifics of this feedback differ between organisms. For instance, fission yeas ...
... How cell size is determined is a fundamental question in cell biology. In most cell types, cell size is set by a feedback between the cell division cycle and mass growth (Jorgensen & Tyers, 2004; Turner et al, 2012). The specifics of this feedback differ between organisms. For instance, fission yeas ...
Transmembrane domains control exclusion of membrane proteins
... boundaries with the luminal and cytosolic domains are not easily defined and their amino acid compositions differ. In order to determine the effect of TMDs of different length on sorting in the endocytic pathway, we constructed a series of chimeric proteins where the length of TMDs could be directly ...
... boundaries with the luminal and cytosolic domains are not easily defined and their amino acid compositions differ. In order to determine the effect of TMDs of different length on sorting in the endocytic pathway, we constructed a series of chimeric proteins where the length of TMDs could be directly ...
Full Text Article
... FAMILY : Actinomycetaceae Actinomycetes, characterized by a complex life cycle, are filamentous Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Actinobateria that represents one of the largest taxonomic units among the 18major lineages currently recognized within the domain Bacteria (Ventura, et al., ...
... FAMILY : Actinomycetaceae Actinomycetes, characterized by a complex life cycle, are filamentous Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Actinobateria that represents one of the largest taxonomic units among the 18major lineages currently recognized within the domain Bacteria (Ventura, et al., ...
localization of products of atp hydrolysis in mammalian smooth
... medium to which a small quantity of sodium phosphate was added during incubation, and the last was incubated in medium in which the ATP was replaced by 0.09 M Na B glycerol phosphate. In addition to the primary experiment and its controls, we carried out ancillary experiments to assess, independentl ...
... medium to which a small quantity of sodium phosphate was added during incubation, and the last was incubated in medium in which the ATP was replaced by 0.09 M Na B glycerol phosphate. In addition to the primary experiment and its controls, we carried out ancillary experiments to assess, independentl ...
Distinct cathepsins control necrotic cell death
... monocytes, dendritic cells and neuincreasing doses of CA-074-Me. (B) BALB/c-derived macrophages were primed with 250 ng/ml LPS for trophils with high efficiency, CA2 hours, and then exposed to 10 (M nigericin, 2 mM LLOMe, or anthrax lethal toxin (LT) (500 ng/ml PA and 074-Me blocked only LLOMe kill2 ...
... monocytes, dendritic cells and neuincreasing doses of CA-074-Me. (B) BALB/c-derived macrophages were primed with 250 ng/ml LPS for trophils with high efficiency, CA2 hours, and then exposed to 10 (M nigericin, 2 mM LLOMe, or anthrax lethal toxin (LT) (500 ng/ml PA and 074-Me blocked only LLOMe kill2 ...
Cunningham_etal_2012_Experimental
... distributed throughout cell volume; in Thiomargarita, a central vacuole encompasses approximately 98 per cent cell volume. Key features of the fossils, including putative lipid vesicles and nuclei, complex envelope ornament, and ornate outer vesicles are incompatible with living and decay morphologi ...
... distributed throughout cell volume; in Thiomargarita, a central vacuole encompasses approximately 98 per cent cell volume. Key features of the fossils, including putative lipid vesicles and nuclei, complex envelope ornament, and ornate outer vesicles are incompatible with living and decay morphologi ...
20. A Cellular Adventure
... Lysosome: Well, it may not be the best job, but some organelle has got to do it. Just imagine if no one picked up your garbage? Just think of me as a trash collector, except I eat this stuff. Yum, yum. Ryan: So all you do is travel around the cell and digest worn-out organelles, debris, and ingest p ...
... Lysosome: Well, it may not be the best job, but some organelle has got to do it. Just imagine if no one picked up your garbage? Just think of me as a trash collector, except I eat this stuff. Yum, yum. Ryan: So all you do is travel around the cell and digest worn-out organelles, debris, and ingest p ...
6 systems biology of cell organization
... So let’s suppose that a researcher could somehow synthesize the genome of a species and produce all of its RNA molecules and proteins. That would be an amazing feat! If the genome, proteins, and RNAs were combined in a test tube with other small molecules that are needed for energy and as building b ...
... So let’s suppose that a researcher could somehow synthesize the genome of a species and produce all of its RNA molecules and proteins. That would be an amazing feat! If the genome, proteins, and RNAs were combined in a test tube with other small molecules that are needed for energy and as building b ...
Mutant Superoxide Dismutase-1-Linked Familial Amyotrophic
... The percentage of cells surviving at the time indicated in the text was calculated after infection with mutant SOD as the average number of living cells after a particular treatment compared with the number of viable cells without treatment from at least three different experiments. In the case of s ...
... The percentage of cells surviving at the time indicated in the text was calculated after infection with mutant SOD as the average number of living cells after a particular treatment compared with the number of viable cells without treatment from at least three different experiments. In the case of s ...
Formation Costimulation in Immunological Synapse Live
... Using transfected fibroblasts expressing both wild-type I-Ek and green fluorescent protein-tagged I-Ek with covalently attached antigenic peptide, we have monitored movement of specific MHC:peptide complexes during CD4ⴙ T cell-APC interactions by live-cell video microscopy. Ag recognition occurs wit ...
... Using transfected fibroblasts expressing both wild-type I-Ek and green fluorescent protein-tagged I-Ek with covalently attached antigenic peptide, we have monitored movement of specific MHC:peptide complexes during CD4ⴙ T cell-APC interactions by live-cell video microscopy. Ag recognition occurs wit ...
life in a drop of water
... The video opens with a fast-paced sequence featuring a variety of fascinating pond organisms. The narrator then states that these organisms can be found in every lake, pond, stream and puddle. Mostly microscopic in size, hundreds, even thousands, can be found in a single drop of water. Students are ...
... The video opens with a fast-paced sequence featuring a variety of fascinating pond organisms. The narrator then states that these organisms can be found in every lake, pond, stream and puddle. Mostly microscopic in size, hundreds, even thousands, can be found in a single drop of water. Students are ...
sites of protein synthesis in nucleoli of root meristematic cells of
... Light microscopy. A. cepa is a diploid species with a single pair of nucleolar chromosomes (Heitz, 1931). Two nucleoli, therefore, are formed at telophase and these, during interphase, may remain distinct (Fig. 1) or adhere to form a dumbbell-shaped structure, or fuse into a large spherical organell ...
... Light microscopy. A. cepa is a diploid species with a single pair of nucleolar chromosomes (Heitz, 1931). Two nucleoli, therefore, are formed at telophase and these, during interphase, may remain distinct (Fig. 1) or adhere to form a dumbbell-shaped structure, or fuse into a large spherical organell ...
Role of CD45 Signaling Pathway in Galactoxylomannan- Induced T Cell Damage
... CD45 is a type 1 transmembrane molecule found on the surface of all nucleated hematopoietic cells and their precursors, except for mature erythrocytes and platelets. It is one of the most abundant cell surface glycoproteins, comprising up to 10% of the cell surface area. The cytoplasmic region share ...
... CD45 is a type 1 transmembrane molecule found on the surface of all nucleated hematopoietic cells and their precursors, except for mature erythrocytes and platelets. It is one of the most abundant cell surface glycoproteins, comprising up to 10% of the cell surface area. The cytoplasmic region share ...
PERSPECTIVE
... both kingdoms have evolved complex mechanisms to regulate the graded distribution of these signalling molecules, raising the intriguing possibility that plants and animals may have independently developed comparable mechanisms to pattern their tissues as they evolved into multicellular organisms. Fr ...
... both kingdoms have evolved complex mechanisms to regulate the graded distribution of these signalling molecules, raising the intriguing possibility that plants and animals may have independently developed comparable mechanisms to pattern their tissues as they evolved into multicellular organisms. Fr ...
localization of products of atp hydrolysis in
... further evidence for the participation of this organelle in excitation-contraction coupling. A similar role would be suggested for agranular endoplasmic reticulum in smooth muscle by the demonstration of ATPase activity at this site, although this function may be unlikely in view of the sparsity of ...
... further evidence for the participation of this organelle in excitation-contraction coupling. A similar role would be suggested for agranular endoplasmic reticulum in smooth muscle by the demonstration of ATPase activity at this site, although this function may be unlikely in view of the sparsity of ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.