Chapter 31: Fungi
... Sexual Reproduction in Fungi Sexual spores in fungi require 3 phases not seen in the production of asexual spores: 1) Transfer of a haploid nucleus to a cell of the opposite mating type: plasmogamy • opposite mating types recognize each other via pheromones ...
... Sexual Reproduction in Fungi Sexual spores in fungi require 3 phases not seen in the production of asexual spores: 1) Transfer of a haploid nucleus to a cell of the opposite mating type: plasmogamy • opposite mating types recognize each other via pheromones ...
The Forces Behind Cell Movement
... in the cell can be readily reorganized by the cell to adapt their behavior for movement according to the surrounding environment. The constant restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton and the transition from one actin structure to another is vital in enabling the cell to change its elastic properties ...
... in the cell can be readily reorganized by the cell to adapt their behavior for movement according to the surrounding environment. The constant restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton and the transition from one actin structure to another is vital in enabling the cell to change its elastic properties ...
Lymphoma Vaccines for Active Immunotherapy of T Cell Are More
... The ability to target multiple tumor Ags may increase the magnitude and diversity of anti-tumor responses, thus preventing tumor from escaping responses limited in repertoire (30). Loading DC with proteins from tumor cell lysates may result in the presentation of a broader array of tumor-specific Ag ...
... The ability to target multiple tumor Ags may increase the magnitude and diversity of anti-tumor responses, thus preventing tumor from escaping responses limited in repertoire (30). Loading DC with proteins from tumor cell lysates may result in the presentation of a broader array of tumor-specific Ag ...
... abundant and were found aggregated around unhealthy Microcystis cells and were the probable cause of deflation and lysis. These bacteria may have utilized the cyanobacteria cell contents as their nutrient source. In contrast to the control areas, the cyanobacteria cells were healthy and did not show ...
Developmental roles of Rhomboid proteases
... presence of multiple members in the genomes of different organisms [40]. Drosophila is no exception, and in fact seven different members of the Rhomboid family, including the founding member ...
... presence of multiple members in the genomes of different organisms [40]. Drosophila is no exception, and in fact seven different members of the Rhomboid family, including the founding member ...
Antifolate Polyglutamylation and Competitive Drug Displacement at
... folates interacl competitively during rescue, a finding lhat cannot easily be reconciled soley on the basis of an anabolic role for the exogeneously supplied cofactor. While this competitive relation ship between these folate derivatives has been attributed to direcl binding interactions al Ihe leve ...
... folates interacl competitively during rescue, a finding lhat cannot easily be reconciled soley on the basis of an anabolic role for the exogeneously supplied cofactor. While this competitive relation ship between these folate derivatives has been attributed to direcl binding interactions al Ihe leve ...
Overexpression of vinculin suppresses cell motility in BALB/c 3T3 cells
... overexpression of vinculin in 3T3 cells by about 20%, following transfection, brings about a major change in the dynamic properties of cells. This was manifested by an extensive decrease in the migration of the transfected cells into an artificial wound and in a significant reduction in locomotory a ...
... overexpression of vinculin in 3T3 cells by about 20%, following transfection, brings about a major change in the dynamic properties of cells. This was manifested by an extensive decrease in the migration of the transfected cells into an artificial wound and in a significant reduction in locomotory a ...
Bacterial chromosome segregation
... newly formed daughter cells to the beginning of C phase. In Caulobacter crescentus and in many other slow-growing bacteria the G1, C and D periods are temporally separated as in eukaryotes (Helmstetter, 1996; Sherratt, 2003). In fast growing bacteria two or more cycles of chromosome replication may ...
... newly formed daughter cells to the beginning of C phase. In Caulobacter crescentus and in many other slow-growing bacteria the G1, C and D periods are temporally separated as in eukaryotes (Helmstetter, 1996; Sherratt, 2003). In fast growing bacteria two or more cycles of chromosome replication may ...
rapid communication - AJP
... CD2AP spotlike pattern was unchanged after treatment for 30 min with the microtubuli-disrupting toxin colcemid (not shown). Inhibition of Rho-kinase, involved in regulating the actin stress fibers by activation of the small GTPase Rho for 30 min with Y-27632 (28), did not affect F-actin spots and th ...
... CD2AP spotlike pattern was unchanged after treatment for 30 min with the microtubuli-disrupting toxin colcemid (not shown). Inhibition of Rho-kinase, involved in regulating the actin stress fibers by activation of the small GTPase Rho for 30 min with Y-27632 (28), did not affect F-actin spots and th ...
Human microcephaly ASPM protein is a spindle pole
... when the activity of kinesin-14 or a centrosomal MT nucleation factor is suppressed; normally, kinesin-14 and CDK5RAP2 are active enough to mask the function of ASPM in this cell type. This scenario may hold true for many other cell types in mammals. In a mouse model, mutations in Aspm cause a reduc ...
... when the activity of kinesin-14 or a centrosomal MT nucleation factor is suppressed; normally, kinesin-14 and CDK5RAP2 are active enough to mask the function of ASPM in this cell type. This scenario may hold true for many other cell types in mammals. In a mouse model, mutations in Aspm cause a reduc ...
Protophloem Differentiation in Early Arabidopsis
... vascular patterning. However, very few vascular pattern mutants have so far been identified, possibly due to the difficulties in visualizing vascular tissue. Mutant descriptions and screens, and molecular genetic analyses of cell patterning processes are dependent upon the proper identification of c ...
... vascular patterning. However, very few vascular pattern mutants have so far been identified, possibly due to the difficulties in visualizing vascular tissue. Mutant descriptions and screens, and molecular genetic analyses of cell patterning processes are dependent upon the proper identification of c ...
Redistribution of Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptors Induced by
... punctate intracellular staining was seen which was concentrated in the juxtanuclear or Golgi region (Fig. 1 B) . In cells treated with tunicamycin (Fig. 1 C) or cycloheximide (Fig. 1 D), no morphological changes were detected by phase-contrast microscopy. By immunofluorescence the receptors were see ...
... punctate intracellular staining was seen which was concentrated in the juxtanuclear or Golgi region (Fig. 1 B) . In cells treated with tunicamycin (Fig. 1 C) or cycloheximide (Fig. 1 D), no morphological changes were detected by phase-contrast microscopy. By immunofluorescence the receptors were see ...
A Comparative Study of Corneal Epithelial Cell Surfaces
... toward the left of the picture. Portions of several other cells appear in the field. A bold pattern of ridges is evident. They are approximately 0.2 JX in width, and many microns in length. It is clear from Fig. 2 that the pattern seen here is distinctly different from that seen in the dogfish and s ...
... toward the left of the picture. Portions of several other cells appear in the field. A bold pattern of ridges is evident. They are approximately 0.2 JX in width, and many microns in length. It is clear from Fig. 2 that the pattern seen here is distinctly different from that seen in the dogfish and s ...
Theory and Algorithms for Constructing Discrete Morse
... We can examine the topology of a filtration by calculating the Betti numbers at each stage of the filtration, but this does not distinguish between cycles that exist in a filtration for a short amount of time, and cycles that persist in the filtration. To do this we make use of persistent homology, ...
... We can examine the topology of a filtration by calculating the Betti numbers at each stage of the filtration, but this does not distinguish between cycles that exist in a filtration for a short amount of time, and cycles that persist in the filtration. To do this we make use of persistent homology, ...
High Expression of the Tonoplast Aquaporin
... cortical cells. A careful examination of the probe concentration in the stele revealed some accumulation in the parenchyma cells that surround the small (and functional) early metaxylem vessels (Fig. 1C, arrowheads) but not around the large ones. At this level, only a weak accumulation of ZmTIP1 tra ...
... cortical cells. A careful examination of the probe concentration in the stele revealed some accumulation in the parenchyma cells that surround the small (and functional) early metaxylem vessels (Fig. 1C, arrowheads) but not around the large ones. At this level, only a weak accumulation of ZmTIP1 tra ...
Transfected Connexin45 Alters Gap Junction Permeability in Cells
... between cells. Gap junction channels allow the passage of ions and small aqueous molecules from the cytoplasm of one cell to another (for reviews see references 2, 13, 31). A functional gap junction channel consists of two plasma membrane hemichannels, one in each cell, composed of hexamers of trans ...
... between cells. Gap junction channels allow the passage of ions and small aqueous molecules from the cytoplasm of one cell to another (for reviews see references 2, 13, 31). A functional gap junction channel consists of two plasma membrane hemichannels, one in each cell, composed of hexamers of trans ...
Boundary Representation Deformation in Parametric Solid Modeling
... At its very inception solid modeling was synonymous with unambiguous (informationally complete) representations of homogeneously n-dimensional subsets of the Euclidean space [Hoffman and Rossignac 1996; Hoffmann 1989; Requicha 1977]. On the other hand, the recent rise of solid modeling as a principa ...
... At its very inception solid modeling was synonymous with unambiguous (informationally complete) representations of homogeneously n-dimensional subsets of the Euclidean space [Hoffman and Rossignac 1996; Hoffmann 1989; Requicha 1977]. On the other hand, the recent rise of solid modeling as a principa ...
Growing wrist mass
... masses, and loculated joint eVusions. On power Doppler ultrasonography, increased flow in the synovial mass is typically seen. A pattern of relatively increased flow in the synovial capsule periphery may be present. These ultrasonographic findings are, however, non-specific and may be seen in synovi ...
... masses, and loculated joint eVusions. On power Doppler ultrasonography, increased flow in the synovial mass is typically seen. A pattern of relatively increased flow in the synovial capsule periphery may be present. These ultrasonographic findings are, however, non-specific and may be seen in synovi ...
Ultrastructural studies of the mouse blastocyst
... developmental substages: substage 1, the blastocoelic cavity is formed but not fully expanded; substage 2, the cavity is fully expanded, however, the ICM is composed of only one cell type; substage 3, the ICM is divided into two morphologically distinct cell types, the epiblast and proximal (viscera ...
... developmental substages: substage 1, the blastocoelic cavity is formed but not fully expanded; substage 2, the cavity is fully expanded, however, the ICM is composed of only one cell type; substage 3, the ICM is divided into two morphologically distinct cell types, the epiblast and proximal (viscera ...
Formation of the leading edge boundary
... abuts the amnioserosa directly (see Fig. 4A). This differs from cells of the rest of the dorsal ectoderm that localize Fasciclin III cortically. Finally, in some experiments, we have used dpp transcripts to confirm the fate of LE cells. Since dpp gene expression is not exclusively restricted to LE c ...
... abuts the amnioserosa directly (see Fig. 4A). This differs from cells of the rest of the dorsal ectoderm that localize Fasciclin III cortically. Finally, in some experiments, we have used dpp transcripts to confirm the fate of LE cells. Since dpp gene expression is not exclusively restricted to LE c ...
Immune Escape of Melanoma: First Evidence of Structural
... peptide binding, suggesting that structural alterations near the NBD might negatively interfere with these properties. The TAP1⫺ melanoma cell line buf1280 lacks TAP2 protein expression, although TAP2 mRNA was transcribed and no sequence alteration was detected. Because Tap1 gene transfer also resto ...
... peptide binding, suggesting that structural alterations near the NBD might negatively interfere with these properties. The TAP1⫺ melanoma cell line buf1280 lacks TAP2 protein expression, although TAP2 mRNA was transcribed and no sequence alteration was detected. Because Tap1 gene transfer also resto ...
Relative Abundance of Nickel in the Leaf
... stage of a scanning electron microscope (Jeol 6300 SEM, Tokyo), immersed in liquid nitrogen within a cryo-transfer unit (CT 1500 Oxford Instruments, Oxford, UK) and transferred to the SEM. The plant material was observed at low voltage before it was slightly etched for a few seconds at ÿ908C, moved ...
... stage of a scanning electron microscope (Jeol 6300 SEM, Tokyo), immersed in liquid nitrogen within a cryo-transfer unit (CT 1500 Oxford Instruments, Oxford, UK) and transferred to the SEM. The plant material was observed at low voltage before it was slightly etched for a few seconds at ÿ908C, moved ...
Humoral and contact interactions in astroglia/stem cell co
... neural stem cells depending on the developmental stage of the progenitors and the physiological state of the astrocytes. In the present study, we show that astroglial cells instruct noncommitted, immortalized neuroectodermal stem cells to adopt a neuronal fate, while they fail to induce neuronal dif ...
... neural stem cells depending on the developmental stage of the progenitors and the physiological state of the astrocytes. In the present study, we show that astroglial cells instruct noncommitted, immortalized neuroectodermal stem cells to adopt a neuronal fate, while they fail to induce neuronal dif ...
The Golgi Apparatus
... about in the plane of the membrane • This behavior leads to the description of a membrane as a fluid mosaic – Molecules can move freely within the membrane – A diversity of proteins exists within the membrane ...
... about in the plane of the membrane • This behavior leads to the description of a membrane as a fluid mosaic – Molecules can move freely within the membrane – A diversity of proteins exists within the membrane ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.