NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC STAINING
... The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be uni ...
... The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be uni ...
COMMENTARY REDOX SIGNALLING BY TRANSCRIPTION
... In activated T cells, NP'KB complexes are often composed of a p50/c-Rel heterodimer, whereas in unstimulated cells a transcriptionally inactive p50 homodimer can be found that occupies KB sites and thus may inhibit access of active complexes to DNA [32]. In most cell types, NF-KB is present in the c ...
... In activated T cells, NP'KB complexes are often composed of a p50/c-Rel heterodimer, whereas in unstimulated cells a transcriptionally inactive p50 homodimer can be found that occupies KB sites and thus may inhibit access of active complexes to DNA [32]. In most cell types, NF-KB is present in the c ...
Krebs Cycle Intermediates Protective against Oxidative Stress by
... PA prevents hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced cell death [8,9], protects the brain against experimental stroke via an anti-inflammatory mechanism [10], and prevents the age-dependent cognitive deficits seen in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease [11]. These protections are possibly due to its α-ke ...
... PA prevents hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced cell death [8,9], protects the brain against experimental stroke via an anti-inflammatory mechanism [10], and prevents the age-dependent cognitive deficits seen in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease [11]. These protections are possibly due to its α-ke ...
The Boron Requirement and Cell Wall Properties
... tion that borate ester cross-linked RG-II is required for the development of a normal cell wall (O’Neill et al., 1996; Matoh, 1997). One approach for determining the function of boron in plant cell walls is to compare the responses to boron deficiency of growing plant cells that are dividing and syn ...
... tion that borate ester cross-linked RG-II is required for the development of a normal cell wall (O’Neill et al., 1996; Matoh, 1997). One approach for determining the function of boron in plant cell walls is to compare the responses to boron deficiency of growing plant cells that are dividing and syn ...
Mitotic replication initiation proteins are not required for pre
... similar to that of the parent strain (Fig. 1d,e, and data not shown). This contrasts with the mitotic cell cycle, in which all these genes are known to be involved in replication initiation. cdc18, mcm2 (cdc19) and mcm4 (cdc21) mutants arrest vegetative cells with partially replicated DNA and die wi ...
... similar to that of the parent strain (Fig. 1d,e, and data not shown). This contrasts with the mitotic cell cycle, in which all these genes are known to be involved in replication initiation. cdc18, mcm2 (cdc19) and mcm4 (cdc21) mutants arrest vegetative cells with partially replicated DNA and die wi ...
The Molecular Basis of Self-Avoidance
... They described a large mechanoreceptor neuron that extends three branches, each into one of three contiguous body segments where each then elaborates a complex branching pattern providing uniform coverage of the segments. The branches within each segment did not overlap with one another, nor did the ...
... They described a large mechanoreceptor neuron that extends three branches, each into one of three contiguous body segments where each then elaborates a complex branching pattern providing uniform coverage of the segments. The branches within each segment did not overlap with one another, nor did the ...
research article Numerical study of the electroporation pulse shape
... Background. In order to reduce the side-effects of chemotherapy, combined chemotherapy-electroporation (electrochemotherapy) has been suggested. Electroporation, application of appropriate electric pulses to biological cells, can significantly enhance molecular uptake of cells due to formation of tr ...
... Background. In order to reduce the side-effects of chemotherapy, combined chemotherapy-electroporation (electrochemotherapy) has been suggested. Electroporation, application of appropriate electric pulses to biological cells, can significantly enhance molecular uptake of cells due to formation of tr ...
Introduction to Fermentation
... • A period of adaptation of the cells to their new environment • Minimal increase in cell density • May be absent in some fermentations ...
... • A period of adaptation of the cells to their new environment • Minimal increase in cell density • May be absent in some fermentations ...
Bacteria Section 18.2 Summary – pages 484-495
... Strong/Thick cell wall 2. The above bacteria grows in chains and the cells are round. What is the name of this bacteria? Strepto-coccus ...
... Strong/Thick cell wall 2. The above bacteria grows in chains and the cells are round. What is the name of this bacteria? Strepto-coccus ...
as a PDF
... PBMC proliferative responses always contained antibodies reactive with B cell epitopes on both the Nterminal gp93 and C-terminal gp55 portions of gB. In contrast, many of the sera from donors with low gBspecific proliferative responses had gp55-specific antibodies but lacked antibodies to gp93. Thes ...
... PBMC proliferative responses always contained antibodies reactive with B cell epitopes on both the Nterminal gp93 and C-terminal gp55 portions of gB. In contrast, many of the sera from donors with low gBspecific proliferative responses had gp55-specific antibodies but lacked antibodies to gp93. Thes ...
Shield formation at the onset of zebrafish gastrulation - MPI
... endodermal progenitor cells within the forming epiblast and hypoblast at the onset of gastrulation (60% epiboly), we determined the expression domains of marker genes delineating those different progenitor populations. Within dorsal/axial regions of the germ ring that give rise to the embryonic orga ...
... endodermal progenitor cells within the forming epiblast and hypoblast at the onset of gastrulation (60% epiboly), we determined the expression domains of marker genes delineating those different progenitor populations. Within dorsal/axial regions of the germ ring that give rise to the embryonic orga ...
Shield formation at the onset of zebrafish gastrulation
... *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) ...
... *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) ...
Gastrulation in the sea anemone Nematostella
... investigation. However, while molecular data are rapidly accumulating, no detailed morphological data exist describing the process of gastrulation. Here, we carried out an ultrastructural study of different stages of gastrulation in Nematostella using transmission electron microscope and scanning el ...
... investigation. However, while molecular data are rapidly accumulating, no detailed morphological data exist describing the process of gastrulation. Here, we carried out an ultrastructural study of different stages of gastrulation in Nematostella using transmission electron microscope and scanning el ...
Folliculin directs the formation of a Rab34–RILP
... initiates this process by recruiting Arl8 [4]. Kinesin-1 can also be recruited by Rab7 though its effector FYCO1, which is loaded onto late endosomes at ER contact sites [14,15]. To promote transport towards the minus end of microtubules that are predominantly located in a peri-nuclear position at t ...
... initiates this process by recruiting Arl8 [4]. Kinesin-1 can also be recruited by Rab7 though its effector FYCO1, which is loaded onto late endosomes at ER contact sites [14,15]. To promote transport towards the minus end of microtubules that are predominantly located in a peri-nuclear position at t ...
Biotic and abiotic elicitors induce biosynthesis and accumulation of
... Man-ABA20 Man-Fungi medium ...
... Man-ABA20 Man-Fungi medium ...
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules
... The internodal cells are connected by the plasmodesmata, providing a mechanism for molecular transport from one cell to the next via the cytoplasm. Inside the large multinucleated internodal cells, each of which can reach lengths of 10 cm, is found rotational streaming, with upward motion along one ...
... The internodal cells are connected by the plasmodesmata, providing a mechanism for molecular transport from one cell to the next via the cytoplasm. Inside the large multinucleated internodal cells, each of which can reach lengths of 10 cm, is found rotational streaming, with upward motion along one ...
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules
... The internodal cells are connected by the plasmodesmata, providing a mechanism for molecular transport from one cell to the next via the cytoplasm. Inside the large multinucleated internodal cells, each of which can reach lengths of 10 cm, is found rotational streaming, with upward motion along one ...
... The internodal cells are connected by the plasmodesmata, providing a mechanism for molecular transport from one cell to the next via the cytoplasm. Inside the large multinucleated internodal cells, each of which can reach lengths of 10 cm, is found rotational streaming, with upward motion along one ...
The Development of the Cnidoblasts of Hydra
... this organelle. The mitochondrial matrix appears amorphous and is slightly more dense than the ground substance of the surrounding cytoplasm (Figs. 7 and 8). The cristae mitochondriales are, for the most part, parallel in their orientation, and those originating from one side tend to alternate with ...
... this organelle. The mitochondrial matrix appears amorphous and is slightly more dense than the ground substance of the surrounding cytoplasm (Figs. 7 and 8). The cristae mitochondriales are, for the most part, parallel in their orientation, and those originating from one side tend to alternate with ...
Hym-355 enhances neuron differentiation - Development
... metazoans. Neurons are connected to one another, forming a nerve net throughout the animal. The nerve net is composed of two morphologically distinguishable cell types, ganglion cells and sensory cells (David, 1973). Subsets of neurons have been characterized by the presence of different neuropeptid ...
... metazoans. Neurons are connected to one another, forming a nerve net throughout the animal. The nerve net is composed of two morphologically distinguishable cell types, ganglion cells and sensory cells (David, 1973). Subsets of neurons have been characterized by the presence of different neuropeptid ...
2-Cell and Molecular Biology (Plasma Membrane)
... To convey electrical signals in electrically excitable cells and makes most of the cell’s ATP in ...
... To convey electrical signals in electrically excitable cells and makes most of the cell’s ATP in ...
Regulation of translesion synthesis DNA polymerase by η
... DNA polymerases cannot accommodate damaged bases in their active sites. One way in which cells deal with this problem is by employing a specialised set of DNA polymerases that carry out translesion synthesis (TLS) past DNA lesions (Friedberg et al., 2005). These polymerases, mostly belonging to the ...
... DNA polymerases cannot accommodate damaged bases in their active sites. One way in which cells deal with this problem is by employing a specialised set of DNA polymerases that carry out translesion synthesis (TLS) past DNA lesions (Friedberg et al., 2005). These polymerases, mostly belonging to the ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.