The role of structural disorder in cell cycle regulation, related clinical
... the recruitment of Bub1 and BubR1 to Knl1 [46]. Through binding with Bub1, Knl1 indirectly mediates the recruitment of PP2A, which is important for stabilizing kinetochoremicrotubule binding [47]. Another interaction motif, MELT is found in the N-terminal and middle regions of Knl1 [39], in varying ...
... the recruitment of Bub1 and BubR1 to Knl1 [46]. Through binding with Bub1, Knl1 indirectly mediates the recruitment of PP2A, which is important for stabilizing kinetochoremicrotubule binding [47]. Another interaction motif, MELT is found in the N-terminal and middle regions of Knl1 [39], in varying ...
Sperm entry is sufficient to trigger division of the
... Fertilization in flowering plants involves two sperm cells and two female gametes, the egg cell and the central cell, progenitors of the embryo and the endosperm, respectively. The mechanisms triggering zygotic development are unknown and whether both parental genomes are required for zygotic develo ...
... Fertilization in flowering plants involves two sperm cells and two female gametes, the egg cell and the central cell, progenitors of the embryo and the endosperm, respectively. The mechanisms triggering zygotic development are unknown and whether both parental genomes are required for zygotic develo ...
Membrane potential - "G. Galilei" – Pescara
... the extracellular one. When these two opposite forces balance out, the ions transiting between the two regions becomes void. As a matter of fact, entering ions are as many as the leaving ones. ...
... the extracellular one. When these two opposite forces balance out, the ions transiting between the two regions becomes void. As a matter of fact, entering ions are as many as the leaving ones. ...
Gap junctions between optic nerve head astrocytes.
... Astrocytes of the primate and human optic nerve head are joined to each other by the gap junction type of intercellular membrane specialization. Although the precise function of these contacts is not fully determined, they may serve such diverse roles as adhesive bonding and intercellular electrical ...
... Astrocytes of the primate and human optic nerve head are joined to each other by the gap junction type of intercellular membrane specialization. Although the precise function of these contacts is not fully determined, they may serve such diverse roles as adhesive bonding and intercellular electrical ...
Loss of AtPDR8, a Plasma Membrane ABC Transporter of
... GUS staining. Furthermore, aged leaves displayed the same pattern and activity as seedlings, indicating that the AtPDR8 promoter is unaffected by leaf senescence. The same observation can be made when analyzing public available microchip data (www.genevestigator.ethz.ch). Enhanced cell death in AtPD ...
... GUS staining. Furthermore, aged leaves displayed the same pattern and activity as seedlings, indicating that the AtPDR8 promoter is unaffected by leaf senescence. The same observation can be made when analyzing public available microchip data (www.genevestigator.ethz.ch). Enhanced cell death in AtPD ...
C1D-induced apoptosis - Journal of Cell Science
... and colon. Fetal tissues showed generally somewhat higher C1D expression levels (lung, liver, kidney; 2- to 3-fold). Expression in several glands (mammary gland, thyroid gland, salivary gland) was still higher (3- to 4-fold) while the highest expression was found in hippocampus and medulla oblongata ...
... and colon. Fetal tissues showed generally somewhat higher C1D expression levels (lung, liver, kidney; 2- to 3-fold). Expression in several glands (mammary gland, thyroid gland, salivary gland) was still higher (3- to 4-fold) while the highest expression was found in hippocampus and medulla oblongata ...
Coordination of Cell Cycle Progression and Mitotic
... yeast. In human cells it is well established that E2F transcription factors employ Set1 and MLL1 H3K4 methyltransferases during the G1-S transition (Tyagi et al. 2007). Interestingly, the Set1C complex has been involved in the regulation of chromosome segregation during mitosis (Zhang et al. 2005). ...
... yeast. In human cells it is well established that E2F transcription factors employ Set1 and MLL1 H3K4 methyltransferases during the G1-S transition (Tyagi et al. 2007). Interestingly, the Set1C complex has been involved in the regulation of chromosome segregation during mitosis (Zhang et al. 2005). ...
Cotyledon cells of Vigna mungo seedlings use at least two distinct
... Ultrastructural analyses of the cotyledon cells of normally germinated V. mungo seeds were conducted to observe how SG interacts with vacuoles to be degraded by -amylase. A cotyledon of a day 3 seedling is composed of heterologous cells with respect to the amount of reserves in the cells. Cells pos ...
... Ultrastructural analyses of the cotyledon cells of normally germinated V. mungo seeds were conducted to observe how SG interacts with vacuoles to be degraded by -amylase. A cotyledon of a day 3 seedling is composed of heterologous cells with respect to the amount of reserves in the cells. Cells pos ...
Changes in Red Blood Cell Electrolytes and ATP in
... hemorrhagic shock as indicated by intracellular-extracellularredistribution of water and electrolytes in skeletal muscle and myocardium and a fall in skeletal muscle transmembrane potential (1, 2, 8), there are no studies of the cellular effects of hemorrhage in the newborn. The ease of obtaining is ...
... hemorrhagic shock as indicated by intracellular-extracellularredistribution of water and electrolytes in skeletal muscle and myocardium and a fall in skeletal muscle transmembrane potential (1, 2, 8), there are no studies of the cellular effects of hemorrhage in the newborn. The ease of obtaining is ...
Cotyledon cells of Vigna mungo seedlings use at
... were intact (Fig. 4 B). The electron density of the PSV became low when the degradation of proteins started (Fig. 4 C). In the same cells, a membranous structure surrounding SGs was observed, and some regions with low electron density (LED) were found (Fig. 4 C). The LED area around the SG was enlar ...
... were intact (Fig. 4 B). The electron density of the PSV became low when the degradation of proteins started (Fig. 4 C). In the same cells, a membranous structure surrounding SGs was observed, and some regions with low electron density (LED) were found (Fig. 4 C). The LED area around the SG was enlar ...
Cells are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
... • Many ribosomes that receive mRNA chains process only a short stretch of them before migrating to, and then embedding in, one of a series of sacs in a membrane network called the ...
... • Many ribosomes that receive mRNA chains process only a short stretch of them before migrating to, and then embedding in, one of a series of sacs in a membrane network called the ...
Cell Structure and Function
... 1. All organisms are made of cells 2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells 3. The cell is the most basic unit of life ...
... 1. All organisms are made of cells 2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells 3. The cell is the most basic unit of life ...
Introduction to histopathology
... component of the pathology is the collateral damage caused to lung tissue by the ongoing immune reaction against the bacteria. Obviously the bacterial infection is itself potentially damaging, but the severity of the disease in different individuals is at least partly due to the variability in their ...
... component of the pathology is the collateral damage caused to lung tissue by the ongoing immune reaction against the bacteria. Obviously the bacterial infection is itself potentially damaging, but the severity of the disease in different individuals is at least partly due to the variability in their ...
Flagellar Morphology and Mechanisms of Bacterial Motility
... Bacterial movement is produced through the action of the flagella (see the diagrams below). Bacteria move toward attractive stimuli and away from harmful substances and waste products in the process known as chemotaxis. Monotrichous bacteria move forward in a simple response to chemotactic stimuli, ...
... Bacterial movement is produced through the action of the flagella (see the diagrams below). Bacteria move toward attractive stimuli and away from harmful substances and waste products in the process known as chemotaxis. Monotrichous bacteria move forward in a simple response to chemotactic stimuli, ...
MITOCHONDRIAL PLASTICITY IN SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS
... Neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and ptosis (NARP) Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF) progressive epilepsy, "Ragged Red Fibers" – clumps of diseased mitochondria accumulate in the subsarcolemmal region of the muscle fiber and appear as "Ragged ...
... Neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and ptosis (NARP) Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF) progressive epilepsy, "Ragged Red Fibers" – clumps of diseased mitochondria accumulate in the subsarcolemmal region of the muscle fiber and appear as "Ragged ...
Tissues Produced by Meristems
... Lateral Meristems - Produce secondary tissues that increase the girth of roots and stems (= secondary growth) • Vascular Cambium - Produces tissues that ...
... Lateral Meristems - Produce secondary tissues that increase the girth of roots and stems (= secondary growth) • Vascular Cambium - Produces tissues that ...
Somatic Cytokinesis and Pollen Maturation in Arabidopsis
... conserved in b-coatomer proteins (b-COP). We called this motif the b-COP–specific element (Figure 1). The composition of the motif was determined as [P]L[T]G-[S]-SDP-x-Y-x-E[AY], with x indicating any amino acid and amino acids in brackets partially conserved in the b-COP protein family. The b-COP–s ...
... conserved in b-coatomer proteins (b-COP). We called this motif the b-COP–specific element (Figure 1). The composition of the motif was determined as [P]L[T]G-[S]-SDP-x-Y-x-E[AY], with x indicating any amino acid and amino acids in brackets partially conserved in the b-COP protein family. The b-COP–s ...
Computational Models Reveal a Passive Mechanism for Cell
... generate additional space for cells below to expand and migrate upwards. This release could relay downwards to allow mitosis. In this scenario, cell positioning would be supported by known signalling pathways, e.g. Eph/ephrin signalling. To increase our understanding of migration in the crypt, we us ...
... generate additional space for cells below to expand and migrate upwards. This release could relay downwards to allow mitosis. In this scenario, cell positioning would be supported by known signalling pathways, e.g. Eph/ephrin signalling. To increase our understanding of migration in the crypt, we us ...
72 2. INTRODUCTION: THE ROLE OF ONCOGENES IN SIGNAL
... with varying affinities to three different PDGF receptors. The cell surface receptor for PDGF is an approximately 180 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein which belongs to a family of receptors that includes the colonystimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R, fms) and the stem cell factor receptor (kit). Thi ...
... with varying affinities to three different PDGF receptors. The cell surface receptor for PDGF is an approximately 180 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein which belongs to a family of receptors that includes the colonystimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R, fms) and the stem cell factor receptor (kit). Thi ...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens- mediated Transformation of Plant Cells
... nucleus by the nuclear-localization signals found in VirD2 and VirE2, which interact with the endogenous nuclear localization machinery. Once in the nucleus, the DNA integrates stably into the plant genome in an as yet poorly characterized process that is likely to include the activities of both vir ...
... nucleus by the nuclear-localization signals found in VirD2 and VirE2, which interact with the endogenous nuclear localization machinery. Once in the nucleus, the DNA integrates stably into the plant genome in an as yet poorly characterized process that is likely to include the activities of both vir ...
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... factor, Gata6. Nanog is an NK-2 class homeobox transcription factor that is expressed throughout the pluripotent cells of the ICM. As overexpression of Nanog in mouse ES cells can maintain them in a pluripotent state in the absence of Lif, it is a good candidate for this hypothetical Gata6 repressor ...
... factor, Gata6. Nanog is an NK-2 class homeobox transcription factor that is expressed throughout the pluripotent cells of the ICM. As overexpression of Nanog in mouse ES cells can maintain them in a pluripotent state in the absence of Lif, it is a good candidate for this hypothetical Gata6 repressor ...
Triton X-100 Extraction of P815 Tumor Cells
... from the plasma membranes of P815 tumor cells and murine lymphoid cells (Mescher, M. F., M. J. L. Jose and S. P. Balk, 1981, Nature (Lond.), 289:139-144). The properties of the matrix suggested that this set of proteins might form a membrane skeletal structure, stable in the absence of the lipid bil ...
... from the plasma membranes of P815 tumor cells and murine lymphoid cells (Mescher, M. F., M. J. L. Jose and S. P. Balk, 1981, Nature (Lond.), 289:139-144). The properties of the matrix suggested that this set of proteins might form a membrane skeletal structure, stable in the absence of the lipid bil ...
Weekly Lesson Plans Teacher: Alicia Penfield Class: AP Biology
... The students will… The students will… Explain metabolism and the Explain why photosynthesis role of matter and energy in is an anabolic reaction, and this process. its overall purpose. Distinguish exergonic and Summarize each stage of endergonic reactions, and photosynthesis, including the g ...
... The students will… The students will… Explain metabolism and the Explain why photosynthesis role of matter and energy in is an anabolic reaction, and this process. its overall purpose. Distinguish exergonic and Summarize each stage of endergonic reactions, and photosynthesis, including the g ...
Gibberellin-Induced α
... cell wall matrix that could promote wall extension. Auxin-induced growth is not associated with an increase in XET activity. Thus the effect is specific for gibberellins. One possibility is that XET facilitates the penetration of expansins into the cell wall. According to this view, GA and auxins ma ...
... cell wall matrix that could promote wall extension. Auxin-induced growth is not associated with an increase in XET activity. Thus the effect is specific for gibberellins. One possibility is that XET facilitates the penetration of expansins into the cell wall. According to this view, GA and auxins ma ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.