Protection of tobacco cells from oxidative copper
... The impact of copper ions on the oxidative and calcium signal transductions, leading to cell death in plant cells, have been documented. Copper induces a series of biological and chemical reactions in plant cells including the oxidative burst reflecting the production of reactive oxygen species and ...
... The impact of copper ions on the oxidative and calcium signal transductions, leading to cell death in plant cells, have been documented. Copper induces a series of biological and chemical reactions in plant cells including the oxidative burst reflecting the production of reactive oxygen species and ...
Brassinosteroids Regulate Plasma Membrane Anion Channels in
... 28-homobrassinolide (HBL) and its direct precursor 28homocastasterone (HCS), promote cell expansion of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. We also show that cell expansions induced by HBL and HCS are correlated with the amplitude of the plasma membrane hyperpolarization they elicited. HBL, which ...
... 28-homobrassinolide (HBL) and its direct precursor 28homocastasterone (HCS), promote cell expansion of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. We also show that cell expansions induced by HBL and HCS are correlated with the amplitude of the plasma membrane hyperpolarization they elicited. HBL, which ...
PDF
... RNAi experiments were performed by feeding (Kamath et al., 2001), using RNAi clones obtained from Geneservice, with the exception of the unc-53L RNAi clone pVA504, which was generated by cloning a 0.3-kb XhoI-NcoI PCR fragment corresponding to nucleotides 1 to 280 (exons 1-4) of the unc53 cDNA from ...
... RNAi experiments were performed by feeding (Kamath et al., 2001), using RNAi clones obtained from Geneservice, with the exception of the unc-53L RNAi clone pVA504, which was generated by cloning a 0.3-kb XhoI-NcoI PCR fragment corresponding to nucleotides 1 to 280 (exons 1-4) of the unc53 cDNA from ...
Histology of Nervous Tissue
... 8. Correctly identify the sensory (afferent) neuron, association neuron (interneuron), and motor (efferent) neuron in the figure below. Which of these neuron types is/are unipolar? Sensory neuron Which is/are most likely multipolar? Motor neuron, interneuron Sensory (afferent) neuron ...
... 8. Correctly identify the sensory (afferent) neuron, association neuron (interneuron), and motor (efferent) neuron in the figure below. Which of these neuron types is/are unipolar? Sensory neuron Which is/are most likely multipolar? Motor neuron, interneuron Sensory (afferent) neuron ...
The different shapes of cocci
... effectors of cell wall biosynthesis controlled by MreBs have not yet been identified. A second cytoskeleton element is composed of the tubulin homologue FtsZ, which polymerizes as a ring at the division site and is widely distributed in bacteria (Errington et al., 2003; Goehring & Beckwith, 2005). T ...
... effectors of cell wall biosynthesis controlled by MreBs have not yet been identified. A second cytoskeleton element is composed of the tubulin homologue FtsZ, which polymerizes as a ring at the division site and is widely distributed in bacteria (Errington et al., 2003; Goehring & Beckwith, 2005). T ...
intracellular accumulations
... Mild it may have no effect on cellular function. Severe fatty change may transiently impair cellular function In the severe form, fatty change may precede cell death, and may be an early lesion in a serious liver disease called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ...
... Mild it may have no effect on cellular function. Severe fatty change may transiently impair cellular function In the severe form, fatty change may precede cell death, and may be an early lesion in a serious liver disease called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ...
Exocytosis and cell polarity in plants exocyst and recycling domains
... In metazoans, vesiculation of the whole Golgi complex takes place during mitosis; it can also be induced by ilimaquinone (Bard & Malhotra, 2006). This process, as well as TPC formation, requires trimeric G-proteins and a serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) interacting with DAG membrane domains ( ...
... In metazoans, vesiculation of the whole Golgi complex takes place during mitosis; it can also be induced by ilimaquinone (Bard & Malhotra, 2006). This process, as well as TPC formation, requires trimeric G-proteins and a serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) interacting with DAG membrane domains ( ...
Monera: Eubacteria
... them burn energy for their functions. • Anaerobically: In this type of respiration Eubacteria use naturally-occurring chemicals to create a chemical reaction and release the energy they need. ...
... them burn energy for their functions. • Anaerobically: In this type of respiration Eubacteria use naturally-occurring chemicals to create a chemical reaction and release the energy they need. ...
Energization of Transport Processes in Plants. Roles of the Plasma
... translocation toward the shoots. The Arabidopsis BOR1 gene encodes a boron transporter that, when fused to the fluorescent reporter green fluorescent protein, can be detected in the pericycle and at the inner side of the endodermis (Takano et al., 2002). Mutant plants deficient in BOR1 have a strong ...
... translocation toward the shoots. The Arabidopsis BOR1 gene encodes a boron transporter that, when fused to the fluorescent reporter green fluorescent protein, can be detected in the pericycle and at the inner side of the endodermis (Takano et al., 2002). Mutant plants deficient in BOR1 have a strong ...
One tissue, two fates: different roles of megagametophyte cells
... selective death of individual cells, tissues or whole organs, whereas necrosis is generally caused in a passive manner by environmental perturbation (Pennell and Lamb, 1997). Both cell death events are well defined in animals, whereas in plants there seems to be more overlap between the phenotypic a ...
... selective death of individual cells, tissues or whole organs, whereas necrosis is generally caused in a passive manner by environmental perturbation (Pennell and Lamb, 1997). Both cell death events are well defined in animals, whereas in plants there seems to be more overlap between the phenotypic a ...
references - Acusmatica.org
... Threshold activating events: The microbes work as switchers of events. Some of these events have musical ...
... Threshold activating events: The microbes work as switchers of events. Some of these events have musical ...
Identification of novel nucleus pulposus markers
... sequencing. The wide availability of microarrays has provided disease-related research with valuable transcriptomic information on the interactions between cells and the environment in which they reside with this information being used to characterise disease states, predict disease progression and ...
... sequencing. The wide availability of microarrays has provided disease-related research with valuable transcriptomic information on the interactions between cells and the environment in which they reside with this information being used to characterise disease states, predict disease progression and ...
biomolecular_STRUCTURES
... The body works at the molecular level Our food is broken down to small molecules before use by the body Organs and cells communicate through molecules circulating in the blood stream—hormones ...
... The body works at the molecular level Our food is broken down to small molecules before use by the body Organs and cells communicate through molecules circulating in the blood stream—hormones ...
Integrin modulation of signaling to transcription factors
... Cells decide whether to undergo processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, based upon the cues they receive from both circulating factors and integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Integrins control the activation of the early signaling pathways. For example, g ...
... Cells decide whether to undergo processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, based upon the cues they receive from both circulating factors and integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Integrins control the activation of the early signaling pathways. For example, g ...
A gain-of-function mutant of Munc18-1 stimulates secretory granule
... set out to search for new or enhanced protein interactions with Munc18-1 E466K. The R39C mutation was also introduced into the Munc18-1 E466K background, as this has been shown to inhibit the binding of Munc18-1 to the closed form of syntaxin 1 [23,42], and allowed us to probe the importance of this ...
... set out to search for new or enhanced protein interactions with Munc18-1 E466K. The R39C mutation was also introduced into the Munc18-1 E466K background, as this has been shown to inhibit the binding of Munc18-1 to the closed form of syntaxin 1 [23,42], and allowed us to probe the importance of this ...
Protective Effect of Sulforaphane against Dopaminergic Cell Death
... Reactive Oxygen Species Assay. The level of ROS was determined by flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopy. For flow cytometry analysis, CATH.a cells cultured on 60-mm dishes were incubated in medium containing 10 M DCFH-DA for 15 min at room temperature in the dark. After washing in PBS, th ...
... Reactive Oxygen Species Assay. The level of ROS was determined by flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopy. For flow cytometry analysis, CATH.a cells cultured on 60-mm dishes were incubated in medium containing 10 M DCFH-DA for 15 min at room temperature in the dark. After washing in PBS, th ...
Microbiology 204 - UCSF Immunology Program
... Rehm A et al. Human cytomegalovirus gene products US2 and US11 differ in their ability to attack major histocompatibility class I heavy chains in dendritic cells. J Virol ...
... Rehm A et al. Human cytomegalovirus gene products US2 and US11 differ in their ability to attack major histocompatibility class I heavy chains in dendritic cells. J Virol ...
Full Text
... system before the epitope is progressively lost (see also Canning and Stern, 1988). The functional significance of the epitope expression is unclear. and evidence that the increased incidence of positivity at the streak site is due entirely to selective cell movement rather than positionspecific ini ...
... system before the epitope is progressively lost (see also Canning and Stern, 1988). The functional significance of the epitope expression is unclear. and evidence that the increased incidence of positivity at the streak site is due entirely to selective cell movement rather than positionspecific ini ...
ATPase in the plasma membrane of HeLa cells
... constant, and internalization of the subunit was not detected during the first 5-hour chase period (Fig. 3). Thus, the α1-subunit, once expressed on the cell surface, stably remains in the plasma membrane at least for 5 hours and slowly undergoes internalization and degradation processes, which is c ...
... constant, and internalization of the subunit was not detected during the first 5-hour chase period (Fig. 3). Thus, the α1-subunit, once expressed on the cell surface, stably remains in the plasma membrane at least for 5 hours and slowly undergoes internalization and degradation processes, which is c ...
Review Plasticity of Adult Stem Cells
... cells corresponding to their tissue of origin. Such tissuespecific stem cells have been described to varying degrees for the adult intestine, skin, muscle, blood, and nervous system (see below); however, for most tissues prospective markers exclusively defining particular stem cell populations in th ...
... cells corresponding to their tissue of origin. Such tissuespecific stem cells have been described to varying degrees for the adult intestine, skin, muscle, blood, and nervous system (see below); however, for most tissues prospective markers exclusively defining particular stem cell populations in th ...
LATS1/WARTS phosphorylates MYPT1 to counteract PLK1 and
... (full length) immunoprecipitated from 293T cells treated with 100 nM okadaic acid (for 2 h) was incubated with immunopurified Myc-MYPT1 (full length; A) or GST-MYPT1 (amino acids 345–653; B) for 30 min at 30°C, and samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography. Arrowheads indicate t ...
... (full length) immunoprecipitated from 293T cells treated with 100 nM okadaic acid (for 2 h) was incubated with immunopurified Myc-MYPT1 (full length; A) or GST-MYPT1 (amino acids 345–653; B) for 30 min at 30°C, and samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography. Arrowheads indicate t ...
I SEMESTER CYTOLOGY AND GENETICS
... Introduction to molecular biology: Molecular basis of life, Experimental Proof for DNA and RNA as genetic material. Unit II 11 hrs Nucleic Acids and Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic gene: Structure and functions of DNA, Watson and Crick model of DNA, forms for DNA (A,B, C, D and Z DNA), physi ...
... Introduction to molecular biology: Molecular basis of life, Experimental Proof for DNA and RNA as genetic material. Unit II 11 hrs Nucleic Acids and Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic gene: Structure and functions of DNA, Watson and Crick model of DNA, forms for DNA (A,B, C, D and Z DNA), physi ...
Tsao, Doris, Face Processing Mechanisms, Caltech, Apr
... Charlie Gross: see Bruce et al in 1981... discovered face selective neurons 1997: Nancy Kanwisher, McDermott and Chun in J Neurosci Nancy called it the FFA = fusiform face area (using BOLD/ fMRI) within a single voxel in humans: 10s of thousands of neurons... Doris studies monkeys in her lab (macaqu ...
... Charlie Gross: see Bruce et al in 1981... discovered face selective neurons 1997: Nancy Kanwisher, McDermott and Chun in J Neurosci Nancy called it the FFA = fusiform face area (using BOLD/ fMRI) within a single voxel in humans: 10s of thousands of neurons... Doris studies monkeys in her lab (macaqu ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.