Multiscale View of Cytoskeletal Mechanoregulation of Cell and
... cells into a specific niche (Williams and Fuchs 2013; Vorhagen and Niessen 2014). Polarity also plays a key role in cells’ ability to execute many biological functions, such as migrating directionally as individuals or collectively (Vicente-Manzanares et al. 2009; Devreotes and Horwitz 2015). It is ...
... cells into a specific niche (Williams and Fuchs 2013; Vorhagen and Niessen 2014). Polarity also plays a key role in cells’ ability to execute many biological functions, such as migrating directionally as individuals or collectively (Vicente-Manzanares et al. 2009; Devreotes and Horwitz 2015). It is ...
Document
... • 1983 Discovery of the first cyclins (Hunt) • 1988 Cyclin B+cdc2 = MPF (Maller, Newport, Beach) ...
... • 1983 Discovery of the first cyclins (Hunt) • 1988 Cyclin B+cdc2 = MPF (Maller, Newport, Beach) ...
Ganglionar nervous cells and telocytes in the pancreas of Octodon
... been described for these two caviomorph species. Additionally, some studies have also demonstrated a number of morphological and structural similarities between other organs of these species, especially regarding the placenta (Bosco, 1997; Bosco et al., 2007; Mess et al., 2007; Valdés et al., 2008). ...
... been described for these two caviomorph species. Additionally, some studies have also demonstrated a number of morphological and structural similarities between other organs of these species, especially regarding the placenta (Bosco, 1997; Bosco et al., 2007; Mess et al., 2007; Valdés et al., 2008). ...
Progress in understanding the role of microtubules in plant cells
... recognize that they are far more complex than the clean, green structures we usually see labeled with fluorescent probes. Microtubule surfaces are heavily congested places, the landing platforms for all sorts of proteins, membranous inclusions, nucleotides and ions. Some residents, the microtubule-a ...
... recognize that they are far more complex than the clean, green structures we usually see labeled with fluorescent probes. Microtubule surfaces are heavily congested places, the landing platforms for all sorts of proteins, membranous inclusions, nucleotides and ions. Some residents, the microtubule-a ...
Distributed Processing of Sensory Information
... intervals were 10-30 sec. Every 5-10 trials, the intemeuron was depolarized to determine whether it was still able to fire cell 3. Each necessity test lasted until the intemeuron could no longer fire cell 3 (usually less than 20 trials). Cell 3 impulses were counted in a window O-4.5 set from the en ...
... intervals were 10-30 sec. Every 5-10 trials, the intemeuron was depolarized to determine whether it was still able to fire cell 3. Each necessity test lasted until the intemeuron could no longer fire cell 3 (usually less than 20 trials). Cell 3 impulses were counted in a window O-4.5 set from the en ...
Enriched Motor Neuron Populations Derived From Bacterial Artificial
... enormous attention because of their potential to produce somatic cells of all three germ layers, a property known as pluripotency. Recent advances in hESC biology have enabled the directed differentiation of hESCs into several types of neurons, including motor neurons,11,12,18 which are specifically ...
... enormous attention because of their potential to produce somatic cells of all three germ layers, a property known as pluripotency. Recent advances in hESC biology have enabled the directed differentiation of hESCs into several types of neurons, including motor neurons,11,12,18 which are specifically ...
Cellular Mechanics
... • How does the cell know it is being deformed? • There are membrane proteins that transduce signals based on surface tension. • The cytoskeleton and associated proteins transduces signals based on strain. • The cytosol viscosity exerts flux control and concentration control on metabolic pathways. ...
... • How does the cell know it is being deformed? • There are membrane proteins that transduce signals based on surface tension. • The cytoskeleton and associated proteins transduces signals based on strain. • The cytosol viscosity exerts flux control and concentration control on metabolic pathways. ...
Asymmetric cell division and axis formation in the embryo
... 2.3. PAR proteins and polarity establishment Contraction of the actomyosin network is crucial for establishing asymmetric distribution of PAR proteins in one-cell stage embryos (Figure 2, Figure 3). The six par genes (for partitioning defective) were identified in screens for maternal-effect mutatio ...
... 2.3. PAR proteins and polarity establishment Contraction of the actomyosin network is crucial for establishing asymmetric distribution of PAR proteins in one-cell stage embryos (Figure 2, Figure 3). The six par genes (for partitioning defective) were identified in screens for maternal-effect mutatio ...
THE IMPACT OF MOLLUSCICIDES ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN
... Fur1hermore, reaction product is localized in small vesicles in the apical half of the digestive cells and in the excretory cells. Cloethocarb. After uptake of 2% or 0.1% Cloethocarb, the reaction in the most basal par1s of the cells is more intense than in controls or after 0.01% Cloethocarb, which ...
... Fur1hermore, reaction product is localized in small vesicles in the apical half of the digestive cells and in the excretory cells. Cloethocarb. After uptake of 2% or 0.1% Cloethocarb, the reaction in the most basal par1s of the cells is more intense than in controls or after 0.01% Cloethocarb, which ...
Intrinsically Disordered Linker and Plasma Membrane
... the C-terminal cortical sorting signal (CSS) of Ist2 functions as a PM-binding (PMB) domain, whereas its TM domain is in the cER (5,8,9,12). Data supporting this topology of Ist2 are that, (i) the targeting of this protein to the cell periphery does not rely on the conventional secretory pathways (1 ...
... the C-terminal cortical sorting signal (CSS) of Ist2 functions as a PM-binding (PMB) domain, whereas its TM domain is in the cER (5,8,9,12). Data supporting this topology of Ist2 are that, (i) the targeting of this protein to the cell periphery does not rely on the conventional secretory pathways (1 ...
Pausing of Golgi Bodies on Microtubules Regulates
... behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal hypocotyl cells and those induced by osmotic stress or cycloheximide treatment (cf. Figures 2D, 3A, 3B, and 3E; see Supplemental Figure 2G online). Mock treatment with an identical dilution of DMSO did not observably alter GFP-CESA3 localiz ...
... behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal hypocotyl cells and those induced by osmotic stress or cycloheximide treatment (cf. Figures 2D, 3A, 3B, and 3E; see Supplemental Figure 2G online). Mock treatment with an identical dilution of DMSO did not observably alter GFP-CESA3 localiz ...
The Transition Between Different Physiological States
... temperatures it is uniformly found that the low, pre-shift rates of cell division and of DNA synthesis are maintained for well-defined periods, whereas the rates of mass increase and of RNA synthesis rapidly change to higher values (see Fig. 1 and Table 1). This pattern is strikingly different from ...
... temperatures it is uniformly found that the low, pre-shift rates of cell division and of DNA synthesis are maintained for well-defined periods, whereas the rates of mass increase and of RNA synthesis rapidly change to higher values (see Fig. 1 and Table 1). This pattern is strikingly different from ...
The connection of cytoskeletal network with plasma membrane and
... spatially and temporarily regulating the transportation and deposition of cell wall components. This tight control is achieved by the dynamic behavior of the cytoskeletons, but also through the tethering of these structures to the plasma membrane. This tethering may also extend beyond the plasma mem ...
... spatially and temporarily regulating the transportation and deposition of cell wall components. This tight control is achieved by the dynamic behavior of the cytoskeletons, but also through the tethering of these structures to the plasma membrane. This tethering may also extend beyond the plasma mem ...
Cold Hardiness of Woody Plants
... hardening of stems of plants such as apple, dogwood and maple. For example, stems with an ultimate hardiness of -50°F acclimate to about O°F from exposure to short days. It has also been shown that this first stage takes place most efficiently when days are relatively warm, at least at the beginning ...
... hardening of stems of plants such as apple, dogwood and maple. For example, stems with an ultimate hardiness of -50°F acclimate to about O°F from exposure to short days. It has also been shown that this first stage takes place most efficiently when days are relatively warm, at least at the beginning ...
Research Article Identification and Characterization of Cell Wall
... to cell-cell recognition. The cell wall of dinoflagellates is a subcellular component of substantial interest with regard to various aspects of cell surface associated ecophysiology. However, there are few experimental data available for the cell wall of dinoflagellates compared with other organisms ...
... to cell-cell recognition. The cell wall of dinoflagellates is a subcellular component of substantial interest with regard to various aspects of cell surface associated ecophysiology. However, there are few experimental data available for the cell wall of dinoflagellates compared with other organisms ...
Stem cells in the light of evolution
... of many non-vertebrate organisms. However, among the adult vertebrates, amphibians like the salamanders are unique in a way that they could regenerate limbs29,30. During the larval stage, the developing limb bud is poised of undifferentiated cells while the adult limb is composed of fully differenti ...
... of many non-vertebrate organisms. However, among the adult vertebrates, amphibians like the salamanders are unique in a way that they could regenerate limbs29,30. During the larval stage, the developing limb bud is poised of undifferentiated cells while the adult limb is composed of fully differenti ...
The Arabidopsis TRM1-TON1 interaction reveals a recruitment
... exquisite precision the cortical site where the new cell plate will eventually attach upon completion of cytokinesis (Mineyuki, 1999; Müller et al., 2009; Duroc et al., 2010). The PPB disassembles in late prophase, progressively replaced by an acentriolar, anastral mitotic spindle during metaphase ...
... exquisite precision the cortical site where the new cell plate will eventually attach upon completion of cytokinesis (Mineyuki, 1999; Müller et al., 2009; Duroc et al., 2010). The PPB disassembles in late prophase, progressively replaced by an acentriolar, anastral mitotic spindle during metaphase ...
Epithelia and integration in sponges
... implies being constructed of fewer parts with less hierarchical organization. In fact, sponges are usually described as lacking organs, tissues, nerves, muscle, and even epithelia. However, not only is this view not very useful for understanding what characteristics the animals have, there is also m ...
... implies being constructed of fewer parts with less hierarchical organization. In fact, sponges are usually described as lacking organs, tissues, nerves, muscle, and even epithelia. However, not only is this view not very useful for understanding what characteristics the animals have, there is also m ...
Muscle Cells - Circulation Research
... from the RNA isolated from these cells conclusively demonstrated that mRNA for this gene, which normally is associated with proliferating cells, is expressed in adult cardiac muscle cells that no longer divide. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the PCNA protein was found only in e ...
... from the RNA isolated from these cells conclusively demonstrated that mRNA for this gene, which normally is associated with proliferating cells, is expressed in adult cardiac muscle cells that no longer divide. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the PCNA protein was found only in e ...
The Arabidopsis TRM1-TON1 interaction reveals a recruitment
... exquisite precision the cortical site where the new cell plate will eventually attach upon completion of cytokinesis (Mineyuki, 1999; Müller et al., 2009; Duroc et al., 2010). The PPB disassembles in late prophase, progressively replaced by an acentriolar, anastral mitotic spindle during metaphase ...
... exquisite precision the cortical site where the new cell plate will eventually attach upon completion of cytokinesis (Mineyuki, 1999; Müller et al., 2009; Duroc et al., 2010). The PPB disassembles in late prophase, progressively replaced by an acentriolar, anastral mitotic spindle during metaphase ...
Isolation of Monocyte/Macrophage Populations
... the cells into the sample reservoir through the three-way valve attached to the line with the long needle (Fig. 7.6.2). Confirm that there is no air in the injection line by filling the line with PBS. Before removing the pipet or syringe, turn the knob on the three-way value 90° to close the inject ...
... the cells into the sample reservoir through the three-way valve attached to the line with the long needle (Fig. 7.6.2). Confirm that there is no air in the injection line by filling the line with PBS. Before removing the pipet or syringe, turn the knob on the three-way value 90° to close the inject ...
AtLSG1-2 Regulates Leaf Growth by Affecting Cell Proliferation and
... in proliferation stage (Beemster et al., 2005), which includes CYCA2;3, CYCA3;2, CDKB2;1, CYCB1;5, CYCB2;1, and CYCB2;4, etc. Most of these genes were highly expressed in atlsg1-2 mutant (Supplementary Table S1). While the cause and effect relation of these events is unclear, one possibility is that ...
... in proliferation stage (Beemster et al., 2005), which includes CYCA2;3, CYCA3;2, CDKB2;1, CYCB1;5, CYCB2;1, and CYCB2;4, etc. Most of these genes were highly expressed in atlsg1-2 mutant (Supplementary Table S1). While the cause and effect relation of these events is unclear, one possibility is that ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.