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... for surviving in the dry aerial environment. A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection f ...
... for surviving in the dry aerial environment. A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection f ...
Cell movements during epiboly and gastrulation in
... next hour of development, a rapid thinning of the blastoderm becomes evident, signifying epiboly is underway. The first change observable is very deep in the embryo, where the yolk cell begins to bulge or 'dome' towards the animal pole (Fig. IB). The blastoderm then rapidly takes on a cup-shaped app ...
... next hour of development, a rapid thinning of the blastoderm becomes evident, signifying epiboly is underway. The first change observable is very deep in the embryo, where the yolk cell begins to bulge or 'dome' towards the animal pole (Fig. IB). The blastoderm then rapidly takes on a cup-shaped app ...
- Wiley Online Library
... face explants and scored them as described by Kuehl et al (2001). In the Keller explant, the tissue has been exposed to all endogenous inducing factors and thus it is considered the best model to study convergent extension movements. The tissue elongates in vitro and forms a long protrusion, which r ...
... face explants and scored them as described by Kuehl et al (2001). In the Keller explant, the tissue has been exposed to all endogenous inducing factors and thus it is considered the best model to study convergent extension movements. The tissue elongates in vitro and forms a long protrusion, which r ...
Functional analysis of cardiomyocytes carrying mutations in SCN5A
... 2.1 Introduction to cardiac muscle and cardiomyocytes 2.1.1 The structure of heart and cardiac cells The cardiac muscle, myocardium can be divided into four chambers: left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle (Figure 1) (Bjålie et al. 2008; Heikkilä et al. 2008). It has four valv ...
... 2.1 Introduction to cardiac muscle and cardiomyocytes 2.1.1 The structure of heart and cardiac cells The cardiac muscle, myocardium can be divided into four chambers: left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle (Figure 1) (Bjålie et al. 2008; Heikkilä et al. 2008). It has four valv ...
Fuel Cell book.indd
... how the PEM fuel cell works, describing the paths that hydrogen electrons and protons take through the cell, and the results. Design teams then use a PEM fuel cell to make, collect, and use hydrogen as an energy source. Beginning with this activity, students investigate several types of energy trans ...
... how the PEM fuel cell works, describing the paths that hydrogen electrons and protons take through the cell, and the results. Design teams then use a PEM fuel cell to make, collect, and use hydrogen as an energy source. Beginning with this activity, students investigate several types of energy trans ...
Connexin 43 mimetic peptide Gap27 reveals potential differences in
... correlated with decreased gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in cultured human keratinocytes and fibroblasts from young healthy donors [12]. Gap27 is a small synthetic connexin mimetic peptide with a sequence homology to the second extracellular loop of Cx43 [13, 14] and is a benign, ...
... correlated with decreased gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in cultured human keratinocytes and fibroblasts from young healthy donors [12]. Gap27 is a small synthetic connexin mimetic peptide with a sequence homology to the second extracellular loop of Cx43 [13, 14] and is a benign, ...
6-Methoxyflavone Inhibits NFAT Translocation into the Nucleus and
... NFAT in the transcription of cytokine genes, such as IL-2, IFN-g, and IL-4, which were induced during T cell lineage commitment following antigenic stimulation (14–16). Cyclosporin A (CsA) or FK506, an inhibitor of calcineurin, has been used as immunosuppressant in autoimmune diseases and transplant ...
... NFAT in the transcription of cytokine genes, such as IL-2, IFN-g, and IL-4, which were induced during T cell lineage commitment following antigenic stimulation (14–16). Cyclosporin A (CsA) or FK506, an inhibitor of calcineurin, has been used as immunosuppressant in autoimmune diseases and transplant ...
The Antiglobulin Test
... 1. One drop of patient’s red cells are washed with 0.9% NaCl a minimum of 3 times to remove plasma that may contain unbound antibodies. 2. AHG reagent is added. 3. Tube is centrifuged. 4. If IgG or C3 is coating the cells, agglutination will occur (positive test). This will depend on the type of AHG ...
... 1. One drop of patient’s red cells are washed with 0.9% NaCl a minimum of 3 times to remove plasma that may contain unbound antibodies. 2. AHG reagent is added. 3. Tube is centrifuged. 4. If IgG or C3 is coating the cells, agglutination will occur (positive test). This will depend on the type of AHG ...
Two Plant–Viral Movement Proteins Traffic in the
... In cobombardment experiments with P35S-GFP-TGB3 and P35SmRFP-TGB2, the colocalization of the two proteins in the vesicles was clearly visible (Figure 1K to 1M). The GFP-TGB3 seemed to be more evenly distributed throughout the vesicle, whereas mRFP-TGB2 strongly labeled the membrane (Figures 1N to 1P ...
... In cobombardment experiments with P35S-GFP-TGB3 and P35SmRFP-TGB2, the colocalization of the two proteins in the vesicles was clearly visible (Figure 1K to 1M). The GFP-TGB3 seemed to be more evenly distributed throughout the vesicle, whereas mRFP-TGB2 strongly labeled the membrane (Figures 1N to 1P ...
Involvement of the cytoskeleton in Junin virus multiplication
... viral proteins and infectious virus particles with the cytoskeletal fraction of monkey Vero cells was determined by using three non-ionic detergents, Triton X-100 (TX-100), NP-40 and octyl glucoside (OG). The cytoskeleton retained nearly 70 % of the external JV envelope glycoprotein GP38 and about 4 ...
... viral proteins and infectious virus particles with the cytoskeletal fraction of monkey Vero cells was determined by using three non-ionic detergents, Triton X-100 (TX-100), NP-40 and octyl glucoside (OG). The cytoskeleton retained nearly 70 % of the external JV envelope glycoprotein GP38 and about 4 ...
Fundamentals of Microbiology
... • Robert Koch demonstrated that anthrax was caused by Bacillus anthracis – Blood from a diseased animal caused disease in a healthy animal – Cultivated the disease causing agent outside the animal’s body, then introduced the agent into a healthy animal which subsequently developed the disease ...
... • Robert Koch demonstrated that anthrax was caused by Bacillus anthracis – Blood from a diseased animal caused disease in a healthy animal – Cultivated the disease causing agent outside the animal’s body, then introduced the agent into a healthy animal which subsequently developed the disease ...
Allelic variants of glutathione S-transferase P1
... Alexa546/QSY35 couple) protein binding was performed using the QM-4 spectrofluorimeter (PTI). The titrations of Prdx6 and GSTP1-1 were performed using 2.0 nM Alexa546-labeled Prdx6 and the indicated concentrations of the QSY35-labeled GSTP1-1 proteins in a 10 10 40-mm quartz cuvette in a fluorimet ...
... Alexa546/QSY35 couple) protein binding was performed using the QM-4 spectrofluorimeter (PTI). The titrations of Prdx6 and GSTP1-1 were performed using 2.0 nM Alexa546-labeled Prdx6 and the indicated concentrations of the QSY35-labeled GSTP1-1 proteins in a 10 10 40-mm quartz cuvette in a fluorimet ...
Built to rebuild: in search of organizing principles in plant
... microarray studies, showed that broad regions of the meristem were specified early and many factors important for stem cell establishment and maintenance, such as CLAVATA3, were expressed later [8,20]. Thus, temporally, it seems that domains that span the entire shoot meristem are patterned befo ...
... microarray studies, showed that broad regions of the meristem were specified early and many factors important for stem cell establishment and maintenance, such as CLAVATA3, were expressed later [8,20]. Thus, temporally, it seems that domains that span the entire shoot meristem are patterned befo ...
Influence of Antibiotic and E5 Monoclonal Immunoglobulin
... The more resistant bacteria is E. coli, which requires ca. 50 µM DODAB to remain 5% viable (Table 1). E. coli is followed by S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and the Grampositive bacterium S. aureus (Table 1). Table 1 also illustrates the consistency between the present data and data previously publis ...
... The more resistant bacteria is E. coli, which requires ca. 50 µM DODAB to remain 5% viable (Table 1). E. coli is followed by S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and the Grampositive bacterium S. aureus (Table 1). Table 1 also illustrates the consistency between the present data and data previously publis ...
Prokaryotic Cells
... • There are two subunits: a small one (30S), and a bigger one (50S). When a ribosome needs to be formed for translation, the subunits attach to each other and form a 70S unit. The "S" is a measure of the rate of sedimentation in centrifugation, rather than a measure of weight. That's why those two s ...
... • There are two subunits: a small one (30S), and a bigger one (50S). When a ribosome needs to be formed for translation, the subunits attach to each other and form a 70S unit. The "S" is a measure of the rate of sedimentation in centrifugation, rather than a measure of weight. That's why those two s ...
AtSpc98p and plant microtubule nucleation
... The molecular mechanisms responsible for microtubule (MT) nucleation have not yet been identified in higher plants. Unlike other eukaryotic cells, no centrosome-like organelles are present to nucleate MT assembly. In animal cells, the centrosome functions as a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), a ...
... The molecular mechanisms responsible for microtubule (MT) nucleation have not yet been identified in higher plants. Unlike other eukaryotic cells, no centrosome-like organelles are present to nucleate MT assembly. In animal cells, the centrosome functions as a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), a ...
Osmolarity and Tonic..
... said to be isotonic. Haemolysis does not occur until the saline solution is less then 0.5%. The point about this definition of tonicity is that it is qualitative and not quantitative. It does imply that permeant solutes will be ineffective because it is essentially a test against a real membrane. A ...
... said to be isotonic. Haemolysis does not occur until the saline solution is less then 0.5%. The point about this definition of tonicity is that it is qualitative and not quantitative. It does imply that permeant solutes will be ineffective because it is essentially a test against a real membrane. A ...
DCE
... Directory Services • DCE Cell Directory Service (CDS) is the mechanism for logically naming objects within a DCE cell (a group of client and server machines) • Applications identify resources by name, without needing to know where the resources are located • DCE cells can also participate in a wo ...
... Directory Services • DCE Cell Directory Service (CDS) is the mechanism for logically naming objects within a DCE cell (a group of client and server machines) • Applications identify resources by name, without needing to know where the resources are located • DCE cells can also participate in a wo ...
JetFlex Genomic DNA Purification Kit Handbook (, 0.15 kB)
... until cell lysis buffer (CLB) has been added to minimize any degradation of the DNA by the action of DNases. ...
... until cell lysis buffer (CLB) has been added to minimize any degradation of the DNA by the action of DNases. ...
Identification of a Platelet-aggregating Factor of
... Cultured tumor cells were harvested after brief treatment with 0.02% EDTA in HBSS containing 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.3) and washed by centrifugation. The cells were resuspended in HBSS containing 10 m\i HEPES (pH 7.3), adjusted to 1 x IO7cells/ml and incubated on ice for 20 min with 10 U/ml of apyrase. Pl ...
... Cultured tumor cells were harvested after brief treatment with 0.02% EDTA in HBSS containing 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.3) and washed by centrifugation. The cells were resuspended in HBSS containing 10 m\i HEPES (pH 7.3), adjusted to 1 x IO7cells/ml and incubated on ice for 20 min with 10 U/ml of apyrase. Pl ...
Assembly and function of AP-3 complexes in cells expressing
... but the 2 hinge and ear domains (3A2); two 3A deletion mutants (3A 807–831 and 3A807 stop); and a 3A point mutant (3A817AAA). The 3A 807–831 mutant is missing a fragment of the distal part of the hinge, including the clathrin binding domain (amino acids 817–822), whereas the 3A807stop muta ...
... but the 2 hinge and ear domains (3A2); two 3A deletion mutants (3A 807–831 and 3A807 stop); and a 3A point mutant (3A817AAA). The 3A 807–831 mutant is missing a fragment of the distal part of the hinge, including the clathrin binding domain (amino acids 817–822), whereas the 3A807stop muta ...
Andrei Fagarasanu Department of Cell Biology Supervisor: Dr
... specifically defective in transporting peroxisomes but which preserved the ability to carry other organelles. I then analyzed the dynamics of Inp2p in cells harboring such Myo2p mutants. I found that Inp2p compensatorily accumulates on all peroxisomes when peroxisomes are not able to travel to the b ...
... specifically defective in transporting peroxisomes but which preserved the ability to carry other organelles. I then analyzed the dynamics of Inp2p in cells harboring such Myo2p mutants. I found that Inp2p compensatorily accumulates on all peroxisomes when peroxisomes are not able to travel to the b ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.