LIGHT MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF PORELLA PLATYPHYLLA (L
... liverwort taxonomy of observing and typing oil bodies (Kis and Pócs 1997, Sass-Gyarmati 2015). The biogenesis, their detailed constituents, the possible biological function of oil bodies in stress tolerance (i. e. in DT) is still unclear (Gavaudan 1927, Chalaud 1931, Pressel et al. 2009, He et al. 2 ...
... liverwort taxonomy of observing and typing oil bodies (Kis and Pócs 1997, Sass-Gyarmati 2015). The biogenesis, their detailed constituents, the possible biological function of oil bodies in stress tolerance (i. e. in DT) is still unclear (Gavaudan 1927, Chalaud 1931, Pressel et al. 2009, He et al. 2 ...
6K2-induced vesicles can move cell to cell during
... ones is not clear. For some icosahedral viruses, viral particles may transit through MP-induced tubules that go through PDs for their delivery into non-infected cells (van Lent et al., 1991; Pouwels et al., 2003; Amari et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2012). In the case of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a fi ...
... ones is not clear. For some icosahedral viruses, viral particles may transit through MP-induced tubules that go through PDs for their delivery into non-infected cells (van Lent et al., 1991; Pouwels et al., 2003; Amari et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2012). In the case of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a fi ...
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... amphibians, molluscs, and annelids (reviewed in Davidson, 1976). This notion is particularly appealing for such fertilized egg and persist through the first four cell cycles (Whitman, 1878; Schleip, 1914; Fernandez, 1980; Feranimals as ascidians, where one or more cytoplasmic regions of the egg can ...
... amphibians, molluscs, and annelids (reviewed in Davidson, 1976). This notion is particularly appealing for such fertilized egg and persist through the first four cell cycles (Whitman, 1878; Schleip, 1914; Fernandez, 1980; Feranimals as ascidians, where one or more cytoplasmic regions of the egg can ...
Biology Unit Title: Basic Biological Principles Timeline (approximate
... composition or number of chromosomes BIO.B.2.2.1 Describe how the processes of transcription and translation are similar in all organisms. BIO.B.2.2.2 Describe the role of ribosomes, ...
... composition or number of chromosomes BIO.B.2.2.1 Describe how the processes of transcription and translation are similar in all organisms. BIO.B.2.2.2 Describe the role of ribosomes, ...
The Cytoskeleton of the Cardiac Muscle Cell
... prevent the detachment of cells under the normal contraction activity. 6,7,17 The desmosomes are formed by desmoglein-2 and desmocollin-2 transmembrane proteins, which establish a transcellular connection. The following cytoplasmic proteins also participate: desmin, desmoplakin, plakophilin-2, p0071 ...
... prevent the detachment of cells under the normal contraction activity. 6,7,17 The desmosomes are formed by desmoglein-2 and desmocollin-2 transmembrane proteins, which establish a transcellular connection. The following cytoplasmic proteins also participate: desmin, desmoplakin, plakophilin-2, p0071 ...
Name of presentation - Annual Unither Nanomedical
... It is important to be able to control the ultimate size of the particles in order to achieve optimal transfection of cells and cross physiological barriers (i.e. blood ...
... It is important to be able to control the ultimate size of the particles in order to achieve optimal transfection of cells and cross physiological barriers (i.e. blood ...
i Characterization of Aurone X as a Potential Drug Candidate
... AIDS patients, as well as transplant recipients on immunosuppressive drugs. Although less commonplace, contamination of healthy individuals with properly functioning immune systems does occur. In this case, the inhaled spores typically become latent in the respiratory tract (2). Cryptococcal meningi ...
... AIDS patients, as well as transplant recipients on immunosuppressive drugs. Although less commonplace, contamination of healthy individuals with properly functioning immune systems does occur. In this case, the inhaled spores typically become latent in the respiratory tract (2). Cryptococcal meningi ...
1 Laccases direct lignification in the discrete secondary cell wall
... membrane distribution of candidate monolignol ABC transporters persisted until the initiation of programmed cell death, when fragmentation of the GFP-labeled plasma membranes was observed (Supplemental Movie 1 and Supplemental Fig. 5). These results demonstrate that the candidate monolignol ABC tran ...
... membrane distribution of candidate monolignol ABC transporters persisted until the initiation of programmed cell death, when fragmentation of the GFP-labeled plasma membranes was observed (Supplemental Movie 1 and Supplemental Fig. 5). These results demonstrate that the candidate monolignol ABC tran ...
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... gated into clump colonies in the bottom of cell culture wells (Small, 2004), thus preventing the estimation of cell densities. However, cell viability was consistently over 99% based on trypan blue and neutral red staining. 3.2. API ZYM enzyme profiles of Hematodinium cell lysates and cell culture me ...
... gated into clump colonies in the bottom of cell culture wells (Small, 2004), thus preventing the estimation of cell densities. However, cell viability was consistently over 99% based on trypan blue and neutral red staining. 3.2. API ZYM enzyme profiles of Hematodinium cell lysates and cell culture me ...
cell-cycle progression and the generation of asymmetry in
... itself subject to multiple levels of regulation (FIG. 3), which help to ensure the fidelity of cell-cycle progression17,20,22–27. CtrA~P is present at high concentrations in swarmer/G1 cells. Rapid proteolysis — a ClpXPdependent process — eliminates CtrA at the swarmerto-stalked cell transition17,22 ...
... itself subject to multiple levels of regulation (FIG. 3), which help to ensure the fidelity of cell-cycle progression17,20,22–27. CtrA~P is present at high concentrations in swarmer/G1 cells. Rapid proteolysis — a ClpXPdependent process — eliminates CtrA at the swarmerto-stalked cell transition17,22 ...
T Cell Interstitial Migration: Motility Cues from the Inflamed Tissue for
... The immune system’s success relies on its ability to survey and rapidly respond to infection or damage throughout the body. This task depends on the efficient movement of leukocytes within and between diverse tissues. In recent years, the ability to visualize this dynamic migration using intravital ...
... The immune system’s success relies on its ability to survey and rapidly respond to infection or damage throughout the body. This task depends on the efficient movement of leukocytes within and between diverse tissues. In recent years, the ability to visualize this dynamic migration using intravital ...
Recent Advances in αβ T Cell Biology: Wnt Signaling
... immature thymocytes, Notch1 is continuously required to restrict developing αβ T cells to the T cell lineage [42]. Notch1 ligand Delta-like 4 is expressed on thymic epithelial cells and is the essential, nonredundant ligand for Notch1 during thymic T cell lineage commitment [43]. Inactivation of Del ...
... immature thymocytes, Notch1 is continuously required to restrict developing αβ T cells to the T cell lineage [42]. Notch1 ligand Delta-like 4 is expressed on thymic epithelial cells and is the essential, nonredundant ligand for Notch1 during thymic T cell lineage commitment [43]. Inactivation of Del ...
Large-scale histological analysis of leaf mutants using two simple
... proliferation Measurements of the number of palisade cells along two leaf axes allowed us to classify mutants according to axisdependent changes in cell number. We then examined whether such changes were correlated with changes in leaf shape. The leaf index roughly represents the overall proportions ...
... proliferation Measurements of the number of palisade cells along two leaf axes allowed us to classify mutants according to axisdependent changes in cell number. We then examined whether such changes were correlated with changes in leaf shape. The leaf index roughly represents the overall proportions ...
Mechanism of Growth Arrest of Chemically
... clones obtained through 3-methyicholanthrenetransfor (10), or the tumor promoter, TPA (21, 25). DNA virus mation of both of the parent nontransformedlines. The transformed cells, on the other hand, do not growth arrest two transformed lines were AKR-MCA derived from the in G, under usual monolayer c ...
... clones obtained through 3-methyicholanthrenetransfor (10), or the tumor promoter, TPA (21, 25). DNA virus mation of both of the parent nontransformedlines. The transformed cells, on the other hand, do not growth arrest two transformed lines were AKR-MCA derived from the in G, under usual monolayer c ...
Genetic isolation of stem cell-derived pacemaker-nodal cardiac myocytes
... such as atrial, ventricular, pacemaker-nodal, and Purkinjefiber cells [5], we used ES cells to isolate pure populations of cardiac pacemaker-nodal cells. The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart, and is responsible for generating the electric impulse [8, 9]. Shox2, a member of ...
... such as atrial, ventricular, pacemaker-nodal, and Purkinjefiber cells [5], we used ES cells to isolate pure populations of cardiac pacemaker-nodal cells. The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart, and is responsible for generating the electric impulse [8, 9]. Shox2, a member of ...
Extracellular Matrix of Mechanically Stretched Cardiac Fibroblasts
... for mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo (2, 3). Therefore, from the view of biomimetics, ECM is the most suitable scaffold for cell/tissue culture. The ECM produced by cardiac fibroblasts is the major component of cardiac tissue (4, 5). Cardiac fibroblasts are constantly subjected to mechanical str ...
... for mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo (2, 3). Therefore, from the view of biomimetics, ECM is the most suitable scaffold for cell/tissue culture. The ECM produced by cardiac fibroblasts is the major component of cardiac tissue (4, 5). Cardiac fibroblasts are constantly subjected to mechanical str ...
hnRNPLL - Shirley Liu Lab
... the basal sIghg2b:mIghg2b ratio to be 45:1 in MPC11 cells, a ratio consistent with previous data on plasmacytoma cell lines (4). To deplete hnRNPLL protein in MPC11 cells, we transduced MPC11 cells with pLKO.1 lentivirus encoding short hairpins (shRNAs) that target Hnrpll transcripts. After eliminat ...
... the basal sIghg2b:mIghg2b ratio to be 45:1 in MPC11 cells, a ratio consistent with previous data on plasmacytoma cell lines (4). To deplete hnRNPLL protein in MPC11 cells, we transduced MPC11 cells with pLKO.1 lentivirus encoding short hairpins (shRNAs) that target Hnrpll transcripts. After eliminat ...
Roles of CDK and DDK in Genome Duplication and
... modified at lower activity levels than late (G2/M) substrates [39]. Collectively, these results demonstrate that oscillations in CDK activity, rather than the specificities of individual cyclin-CDK complexes, drive the timing and directionality of the events in the mitotic cycle. In contrast to the ...
... modified at lower activity levels than late (G2/M) substrates [39]. Collectively, these results demonstrate that oscillations in CDK activity, rather than the specificities of individual cyclin-CDK complexes, drive the timing and directionality of the events in the mitotic cycle. In contrast to the ...
Vesicle traffic in the endomembrane system: a tale of COPs, Rabs
... Golgi-matrix proteins. Despite the high level of structural integrity of plant Golgi stacks, it is clear that there is a constant anterograde flux of secretory products through their cisternae that has to be counterbalanced by a similar retrograde flux of Golgiresident enzymes [22,23]. This recyclin ...
... Golgi-matrix proteins. Despite the high level of structural integrity of plant Golgi stacks, it is clear that there is a constant anterograde flux of secretory products through their cisternae that has to be counterbalanced by a similar retrograde flux of Golgiresident enzymes [22,23]. This recyclin ...
Observations upon the Growing Points in Normal and
... maintained that the growth of the bacterial cell and cell envelopes occurred mainly in the areas at the poles and at the junctions of cell wall and crosswall where basophilic granules were observed. These appear to be the same structures which Mudd (1953)showed to possess redox activity, and which h ...
... maintained that the growth of the bacterial cell and cell envelopes occurred mainly in the areas at the poles and at the junctions of cell wall and crosswall where basophilic granules were observed. These appear to be the same structures which Mudd (1953)showed to possess redox activity, and which h ...
Imaging ER-to-Golgi transport: towards a
... machinery back to the ER (Fig. 1). Alternative transport models suggest that COPII vesicles first deliver their cargo in a microtubule-independent manner to a more stable ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Secretory cargo is then thought to move from the ERGIC towards the Golgi complex in ...
... machinery back to the ER (Fig. 1). Alternative transport models suggest that COPII vesicles first deliver their cargo in a microtubule-independent manner to a more stable ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Secretory cargo is then thought to move from the ERGIC towards the Golgi complex in ...
B. Sc. (Hons) Biotechnology - Agricultural University Peshawar
... Introduction to cell theory and structure; chemical composition of cell; types of cell organelles, structure and their functions; separation of cell organelles; transport properties of cell membrane; cell cycle; mitosis; molecular organization and functional role; meiosis, division and genetic conse ...
... Introduction to cell theory and structure; chemical composition of cell; types of cell organelles, structure and their functions; separation of cell organelles; transport properties of cell membrane; cell cycle; mitosis; molecular organization and functional role; meiosis, division and genetic conse ...
A novel live cell assay to measure diacylglycerol lipase α activity
... Diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα) hydrolyses DAG to generate the principal endocannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the central nervous system. DAGLα dependent cannabinoid (CB) signalling has been implicated in numerous processes including axonal growth and guidance, adult neurogenesis a ...
... Diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα) hydrolyses DAG to generate the principal endocannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the central nervous system. DAGLα dependent cannabinoid (CB) signalling has been implicated in numerous processes including axonal growth and guidance, adult neurogenesis a ...
Introduction to Cell fate and plasticity Introduction, fate maps
... regulator ( gold ). The promoter of the top gene contains three low-affinity binding sites (blue; high-threshold gene); the promoter of the bottom gene contains three high-affinity binding sites (red; low-threshold gene). At high regulator concentrations, all sites in both promoters are bound, and b ...
... regulator ( gold ). The promoter of the top gene contains three low-affinity binding sites (blue; high-threshold gene); the promoter of the bottom gene contains three high-affinity binding sites (red; low-threshold gene). At high regulator concentrations, all sites in both promoters are bound, and b ...
Chapter 6
... • Pores regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus • The shape of the nucleus is maintained by the nuclear lamina, which is composed of protein ...
... • Pores regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus • The shape of the nucleus is maintained by the nuclear lamina, which is composed of protein ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.