The Control of Patterning and Morphogenesis during Root
... and Dengler, 1997; Poethig, 1997), but the formation of the root epidermis during root development provides an exceptional model for studying this problem in plants. In most species, there are only two cell types in the root epidermis: cells that produce long hairlike extensions (i.e., root hair cel ...
... and Dengler, 1997; Poethig, 1997), but the formation of the root epidermis during root development provides an exceptional model for studying this problem in plants. In most species, there are only two cell types in the root epidermis: cells that produce long hairlike extensions (i.e., root hair cel ...
Why Do Scientists Classify Organisms? (pages 184 185)
... a. All fungi are multicellular organisms. b. Most fungi are eukaryotes. c. Most fungi use spores to reproduce. d. Most fungi are autotrophs. 16. What are three examples of fungi? Cell Structure of Fungi (page 202) 17. The cells of fungi are arranged in branching, threadlike tubes ...
... a. All fungi are multicellular organisms. b. Most fungi are eukaryotes. c. Most fungi use spores to reproduce. d. Most fungi are autotrophs. 16. What are three examples of fungi? Cell Structure of Fungi (page 202) 17. The cells of fungi are arranged in branching, threadlike tubes ...
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium
... the effect of nitrogen status on cell proliferation and cell growth in the leaf blade epidermis. Low nitrogen supply reduced leaf elongation rate (LER) by 43% through a similar decrease in the cell production rate and final cell length. The former was entirely because of a decreased average cell div ...
... the effect of nitrogen status on cell proliferation and cell growth in the leaf blade epidermis. Low nitrogen supply reduced leaf elongation rate (LER) by 43% through a similar decrease in the cell production rate and final cell length. The former was entirely because of a decreased average cell div ...
Page 07-LS1-1. Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that
... reliable evidence obtained from sources (including the students’ own experiments) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future. Critical Vocabulary for Word Wall ...
... reliable evidence obtained from sources (including the students’ own experiments) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future. Critical Vocabulary for Word Wall ...
Interaction of oxygen-sensitive luminescent probes Ru(phen) and
... relatively low for nitroxides like CAT1, to very high, for crystals of LiPc. The spatial resolution of EPR oxygen images obtained in phantoms and tissues is too low for imaging individual cells [4]. NMR approaches appear to be non-invasive but also offer limited resolution [7]. In contrast, approach ...
... relatively low for nitroxides like CAT1, to very high, for crystals of LiPc. The spatial resolution of EPR oxygen images obtained in phantoms and tissues is too low for imaging individual cells [4]. NMR approaches appear to be non-invasive but also offer limited resolution [7]. In contrast, approach ...
Plant Cell Walls: Basics of Structure, Chemistry, Accessibility and the
... 3.4 Plant Tissue and Cell Types Respond Differently to Biomass Conversion Plants are complex multicellular structures that have evolved multiple mechanisms to resist degradation by microbial enzymes. The harvested and milled chunks of biomass that arrive at a biorefinery comprise a heterogeneous mix ...
... 3.4 Plant Tissue and Cell Types Respond Differently to Biomass Conversion Plants are complex multicellular structures that have evolved multiple mechanisms to resist degradation by microbial enzymes. The harvested and milled chunks of biomass that arrive at a biorefinery comprise a heterogeneous mix ...
Developmental plasticity, cell fate specification and morphogenesis
... initially mixed within the ICM, before being sorted into their correct positions by active cell migration and selective apoptosis [13–15]. These findings demonstrated that position is not the only factor driving both the first and the second cell fate decision and suggested that rather than cells be ...
... initially mixed within the ICM, before being sorted into their correct positions by active cell migration and selective apoptosis [13–15]. These findings demonstrated that position is not the only factor driving both the first and the second cell fate decision and suggested that rather than cells be ...
Mast cells and dendritic cells form synapses that facilitate antigen
... nodes, and Th2 polarization (Caron et al., 2001a; Mazzoni et al., 2006; Suto et al., 2006; Shelburne et al., 2009; Dawicki et al., 2010; Reuter et al., 2010; de Vries et al., 2011). Communication between MCs and DCs has also been shown to regulate other lymphocytes including T cells and B cells (Sko ...
... nodes, and Th2 polarization (Caron et al., 2001a; Mazzoni et al., 2006; Suto et al., 2006; Shelburne et al., 2009; Dawicki et al., 2010; Reuter et al., 2010; de Vries et al., 2011). Communication between MCs and DCs has also been shown to regulate other lymphocytes including T cells and B cells (Sko ...
Fate of Frog Virus 3 DNA Replicated in the Nucleus of Arginine
... Influence o f arginine starvation on the site and the kinetics o f D N A replication Non-confluent C H O cultures were pretreated overnight in alpha medium deficient in arginine, then infected with FV 3 and incubated either in alpha medium deprived of arginine or in complete medium. The newly synthe ...
... Influence o f arginine starvation on the site and the kinetics o f D N A replication Non-confluent C H O cultures were pretreated overnight in alpha medium deficient in arginine, then infected with FV 3 and incubated either in alpha medium deprived of arginine or in complete medium. The newly synthe ...
Identification and localization of a β‐COP‐like protein involved in the
... The idea was to look for other COPI components, in particular, the proteins g-COP (98 kDa) and b¢-COP (102 kDa). Western blots on BY-2 protein extracts were therefore realized with the corresponding antibodies. Blotting with the plant g-COP antibody (Pimpl et al., 2000) revealed a unique band of ~10 ...
... The idea was to look for other COPI components, in particular, the proteins g-COP (98 kDa) and b¢-COP (102 kDa). Western blots on BY-2 protein extracts were therefore realized with the corresponding antibodies. Blotting with the plant g-COP antibody (Pimpl et al., 2000) revealed a unique band of ~10 ...
MAP Kinase Pathways
... Activated Ras promotes formation at the membrane of signaling complexes containing three sequentially acting protein kinases that are associated with a scaffold protein. This kinase cascade culminates in activation of MAP (mitogenactivating protein) kinase, a serine/threonine kinase also known as ER ...
... Activated Ras promotes formation at the membrane of signaling complexes containing three sequentially acting protein kinases that are associated with a scaffold protein. This kinase cascade culminates in activation of MAP (mitogenactivating protein) kinase, a serine/threonine kinase also known as ER ...
Disruption of the long-range GPIIIa Cys5
... bidirectional transmembrane signaling. The binding of these integrins to soluble macromolecules is tightly regulated by integrin activation or inside-out signaling, also known as affinity modulation, which involves structural changes intrinsic to the heterodimer, and avidity modulation due to latera ...
... bidirectional transmembrane signaling. The binding of these integrins to soluble macromolecules is tightly regulated by integrin activation or inside-out signaling, also known as affinity modulation, which involves structural changes intrinsic to the heterodimer, and avidity modulation due to latera ...
Glucocorticoids Increase Amylase mRNA Levels, Secretory
... and the nucleus we used the coarse grid formed of 5-cm long lines, To estimate the volumes of secretory granules and rough endoplasmic retieulum, we used fine grid formed of l-cm long lines. The profile area was estimated as the area derived by point-counting divided by the number of profiles. Volum ...
... and the nucleus we used the coarse grid formed of 5-cm long lines, To estimate the volumes of secretory granules and rough endoplasmic retieulum, we used fine grid formed of l-cm long lines. The profile area was estimated as the area derived by point-counting divided by the number of profiles. Volum ...
Higher-order chromatin structure: looping long molecules
... than demonstrated, conclusion. In maize and Arabidopsis, the organization of the loop domains as defined by loop basement attachment regions has been examined in detail. The genomes of these plants can be cleaved at LBARs to create a distribution of fragments that is thought to reflect units of stru ...
... than demonstrated, conclusion. In maize and Arabidopsis, the organization of the loop domains as defined by loop basement attachment regions has been examined in detail. The genomes of these plants can be cleaved at LBARs to create a distribution of fragments that is thought to reflect units of stru ...
Inhibition of Cell Growth by Lovastatin Is Independent of ras Function
... functional endogenous ras protein (4). Human cells derived from normal tissues also require raÃ-for DNA synthesis follow ing mitotic stimulation, and a few tumor cell lines without activated ras are still inhibited to the same degree by the antibody as are tumor lines with activated ras genes (5). T ...
... functional endogenous ras protein (4). Human cells derived from normal tissues also require raÃ-for DNA synthesis follow ing mitotic stimulation, and a few tumor cell lines without activated ras are still inhibited to the same degree by the antibody as are tumor lines with activated ras genes (5). T ...
Carr_Flagellum.pps
... A flagellum is on the end of every sperm cell Without a flagellum sperm would not be able to fertilize an egg ...
... A flagellum is on the end of every sperm cell Without a flagellum sperm would not be able to fertilize an egg ...
Cell shape and plasma membrane alterations after - An
... intensity of 6 mT were investigated in lymphocytes and U937 cells in the presence or absence of apoptosis-inducing drugs by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Lectin cytochemistry of ConA-FITC conjugates was used to analyze plasma membrane structural modifications. Static MFs ...
... intensity of 6 mT were investigated in lymphocytes and U937 cells in the presence or absence of apoptosis-inducing drugs by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Lectin cytochemistry of ConA-FITC conjugates was used to analyze plasma membrane structural modifications. Static MFs ...
Pseudolaric Acid B Induced Cell Cycle Arrest, Au
... senescent fibroblasts to facilitate the renewal of cytosolic compounds and organelles [21]. Recent studies had shown recombinant expression of autophagy genes (BNIP3, Cathepsin B or ATG16L1) in stromal fibroblasts was sufficient to induce the onset of constitutive autophagy as well as the developmen ...
... senescent fibroblasts to facilitate the renewal of cytosolic compounds and organelles [21]. Recent studies had shown recombinant expression of autophagy genes (BNIP3, Cathepsin B or ATG16L1) in stromal fibroblasts was sufficient to induce the onset of constitutive autophagy as well as the developmen ...
The roles of two C. elegans HOX co-factor orthologs
... division, the QL cell migrates a short distance posteriorly, while the QR cell migrates a short distance anteriorly. (Bottom) Final positions of Q descendants. QL.pax cells (filled blue circles) are located near the position of QL at hatching, whereas the QL.ap (unfilled blue circle) cell migrates i ...
... division, the QL cell migrates a short distance posteriorly, while the QR cell migrates a short distance anteriorly. (Bottom) Final positions of Q descendants. QL.pax cells (filled blue circles) are located near the position of QL at hatching, whereas the QL.ap (unfilled blue circle) cell migrates i ...
Topic 1 Patterns in Nature
... multicellular forms, complex organ systems with large surface area to volume ratios, have evolved to allow movement of material across the membranes. These organs are concerned with specialised functions in the bodies of large multicellular organisms. In this module you will be learning about the st ...
... multicellular forms, complex organ systems with large surface area to volume ratios, have evolved to allow movement of material across the membranes. These organs are concerned with specialised functions in the bodies of large multicellular organisms. In this module you will be learning about the st ...
Nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of Inh2
... processes, including the cell cycle, gene expression, cell adhesion and glycogen metabolism (Cohen, 1989; Shenolikar, 1994). To achieve this wide range of effects, PP1 exists as a series of holoenzymes, with its catalytic subunit, PP1C, bound to a regulatory subunit, of which there are dozens. Evide ...
... processes, including the cell cycle, gene expression, cell adhesion and glycogen metabolism (Cohen, 1989; Shenolikar, 1994). To achieve this wide range of effects, PP1 exists as a series of holoenzymes, with its catalytic subunit, PP1C, bound to a regulatory subunit, of which there are dozens. Evide ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.