A - Pompton Lakes School District
... Before a cell divides, the instructions are duplicated so that each of the two new cells gets all the necessary information for carrying on. 5C/H4c Complex interactions among the different kinds of molecules in the cell cause distinct cycles of activities, such as growth and division. Cell behav ...
... Before a cell divides, the instructions are duplicated so that each of the two new cells gets all the necessary information for carrying on. 5C/H4c Complex interactions among the different kinds of molecules in the cell cause distinct cycles of activities, such as growth and division. Cell behav ...
Integrating food web diversity, structure and stability
... enduring natural systems.’ There have been many studies, both empirical and theoretical, that have attempted to elucidate the ‘devious strategies’ through which stability is attained in diverse ecosystems. Following on from May’s stability criterion, ecologists set out to investigate the relationshi ...
... enduring natural systems.’ There have been many studies, both empirical and theoretical, that have attempted to elucidate the ‘devious strategies’ through which stability is attained in diverse ecosystems. Following on from May’s stability criterion, ecologists set out to investigate the relationshi ...
Rewilding Abandoned Landscapes in Europe | SpringerLink
... in the global demand for agricultural goods, because enough food is obtained either directly by production on competitive land in Europe or elsewhere in the world (Keenleyside and Tucker 2010). Regionally labeled and organic products could help maintain certain forms of extensive agriculture but thi ...
... in the global demand for agricultural goods, because enough food is obtained either directly by production on competitive land in Europe or elsewhere in the world (Keenleyside and Tucker 2010). Regionally labeled and organic products could help maintain certain forms of extensive agriculture but thi ...
More than a meal integrating nonfeeding interactions into food webs
... addressed by ecologists and largely excluded from network theory. Herein, we propose a conceptual framework that organises this diversity into three main functional classes defined by how they modify specific parameters in a dynamic food web model. This approach provides a path forward for incorpora ...
... addressed by ecologists and largely excluded from network theory. Herein, we propose a conceptual framework that organises this diversity into three main functional classes defined by how they modify specific parameters in a dynamic food web model. This approach provides a path forward for incorpora ...
The effect of agricultural diversity and crop choice on
... been theoretical in application, the use of functional trait diversity comparisons could be very useful in understanding the functional differences between ecological communities. The approach has not been applied widely because of the limited availability of trait information; however, here we appl ...
... been theoretical in application, the use of functional trait diversity comparisons could be very useful in understanding the functional differences between ecological communities. The approach has not been applied widely because of the limited availability of trait information; however, here we appl ...
Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity
... compensatory dynamics. Over-yielding enhances stability when mean biomass production increases with diversity more rapidly than its standard deviation. Statistical averaging occurs when random variation in the population abundances of different species reduces the variability of aggregate ecosystem ...
... compensatory dynamics. Over-yielding enhances stability when mean biomass production increases with diversity more rapidly than its standard deviation. Statistical averaging occurs when random variation in the population abundances of different species reduces the variability of aggregate ecosystem ...
Biome
... 3) The two most important factors in determining biome type are: a) precipitation and soil type b) humidity and altitude c) altitude and precipitation d) precipitation and temperature e) temperature and altitude ...
... 3) The two most important factors in determining biome type are: a) precipitation and soil type b) humidity and altitude c) altitude and precipitation d) precipitation and temperature e) temperature and altitude ...
Trophic Cascades in Lakes:
... predicted by simple predator-prey models. The consequences of behavior for trophic cascades are well-expressed in aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, they have important implications for ecosystem consequences of trophic cascades, and for applications of cascades in conservation, restoration and biologica ...
... predicted by simple predator-prey models. The consequences of behavior for trophic cascades are well-expressed in aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, they have important implications for ecosystem consequences of trophic cascades, and for applications of cascades in conservation, restoration and biologica ...
Migratory Animals Couple Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... traveled, together with their seasonality, which generate pulsed, highly predictable interactions, critically differentiate migration from other types of movement. Moreover, by integrating resource peaks or avoiding periods of heightened mortality risk over time and space, migrants may sustain consi ...
... traveled, together with their seasonality, which generate pulsed, highly predictable interactions, critically differentiate migration from other types of movement. Moreover, by integrating resource peaks or avoiding periods of heightened mortality risk over time and space, migrants may sustain consi ...
Population Dynamics Notes
... A population stops increasing when natality is less than mortality or when emigration exceeds immigration. Carrying capacity is limited by the energy, water, oxygen, nutrients, & space, as well as other limiting factors. ...
... A population stops increasing when natality is less than mortality or when emigration exceeds immigration. Carrying capacity is limited by the energy, water, oxygen, nutrients, & space, as well as other limiting factors. ...
Experimental evidence for fundamental, and not realized, niche
... ECD henceforth), a historical process whereby exploitative competition between species using the same resource causes a reduction in fitness (Schluter 1994). Over time competing species then evolve to use different resources, thereby alleviating interspecific competition (Brown & Wilson 1956; Schlut ...
... ECD henceforth), a historical process whereby exploitative competition between species using the same resource causes a reduction in fitness (Schluter 1994). Over time competing species then evolve to use different resources, thereby alleviating interspecific competition (Brown & Wilson 1956; Schlut ...
BCS312 Module 1
... order to understand the interactions of a vulnerable ecosystem. As tools of analysis, we enlist multiple disciplines and the perspectives of time, size, and complexity of the organism to explain patterns of ecological activity. The biocomplexity of the Arctic is linked to the global ecosystem, and n ...
... order to understand the interactions of a vulnerable ecosystem. As tools of analysis, we enlist multiple disciplines and the perspectives of time, size, and complexity of the organism to explain patterns of ecological activity. The biocomplexity of the Arctic is linked to the global ecosystem, and n ...
CBD CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
... Land-use, land-use change and forestry activities can play an important role in reducing net greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Biological mitigation of greenhouse gases through land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities can occur by three strategies: (a) conservation of exi ...
... Land-use, land-use change and forestry activities can play an important role in reducing net greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Biological mitigation of greenhouse gases through land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities can occur by three strategies: (a) conservation of exi ...
Chapter 2
... 7) How would morphological plasticity interfere with taxonomic identification? Organisms of the same species may appear to belong to more than one species if morphology is different enough between individuals. Chapter 8 1) Do more types of viruses exist than species of organisms on Earth? If each or ...
... 7) How would morphological plasticity interfere with taxonomic identification? Organisms of the same species may appear to belong to more than one species if morphology is different enough between individuals. Chapter 8 1) Do more types of viruses exist than species of organisms on Earth? If each or ...
Litchman CV - Litchman-Klausmeier Lab
... James S. McDonnell Foundation (Studying Complex Systems): Plankton Community Assembly: Theory and Practice ($449,965 direct costs), co-investigator with C.A. Klausmeier (PI) ...
... James S. McDonnell Foundation (Studying Complex Systems): Plankton Community Assembly: Theory and Practice ($449,965 direct costs), co-investigator with C.A. Klausmeier (PI) ...
Global Population Dynamics and Hot Spots of Response to Climate
... AT et al. 2002, Pearson and Dawson 2003). This approach may be applicable in single-species systems, but not where distribution or abundance can be influenced by species interactions or anthropogenic forces (Case and Taper 2000, Araujo and Luoto 2007, Heikkinen et al. 2007). In fact, species are oft ...
... AT et al. 2002, Pearson and Dawson 2003). This approach may be applicable in single-species systems, but not where distribution or abundance can be influenced by species interactions or anthropogenic forces (Case and Taper 2000, Araujo and Luoto 2007, Heikkinen et al. 2007). In fact, species are oft ...
Using Natural Range of Variation to Set Decision Thresholds: A
... but also must be long relative to the return interval of external forces driving variability (disturbances, climatic fluctuations, etc.) and to the life span of the organisms of interest. Space-for-time substitutions can be used when a sufficiently large unaltered area, such as a large wilderness ar ...
... but also must be long relative to the return interval of external forces driving variability (disturbances, climatic fluctuations, etc.) and to the life span of the organisms of interest. Space-for-time substitutions can be used when a sufficiently large unaltered area, such as a large wilderness ar ...
Wallingford Public Schools - HIGH SCHOOL COURSE OUTLINE
... their size and chemical charge. Understanding the growth and spread patterns of bacteria and viruses enables the development of methods to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Scientific ideas evolve as new information is uncovered. The environment is a complex assemblage of interacting processes. ...
... their size and chemical charge. Understanding the growth and spread patterns of bacteria and viruses enables the development of methods to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Scientific ideas evolve as new information is uncovered. The environment is a complex assemblage of interacting processes. ...
Adaptive Speciation: Theory and Evolutionary Experiments
... (First models of evolutionary branching in the late 90’s; to date over 40 publications reporting evolutionary branching, many more on adaptive dynamics in general.) Conclusion: Selection for lineage splitting may often be a natural consequence of ecological interactions. ...
... (First models of evolutionary branching in the late 90’s; to date over 40 publications reporting evolutionary branching, many more on adaptive dynamics in general.) Conclusion: Selection for lineage splitting may often be a natural consequence of ecological interactions. ...
Coevolutionary Dynamics and the Conservation of Mutualisms
... origin of the eukaryotic cell and the invasion of land. To understand mutualism in an evolutionary conservation context, it is important to distinguish it from related phenomena with which it is often confused. Mutualism is an association between different species; it involves somewhat different evo ...
... origin of the eukaryotic cell and the invasion of land. To understand mutualism in an evolutionary conservation context, it is important to distinguish it from related phenomena with which it is often confused. Mutualism is an association between different species; it involves somewhat different evo ...
Malay Civet Population Project
... Not only do conditions on Sulawesi and Buton differ ecologically from elsewhere in the Malay civets range, because of their isolation the civets themselves may be genetically distinct from elsewhere in their range. Unlike the big islands of Borneo, Java and Sumatra which were attached to mainland So ...
... Not only do conditions on Sulawesi and Buton differ ecologically from elsewhere in the Malay civets range, because of their isolation the civets themselves may be genetically distinct from elsewhere in their range. Unlike the big islands of Borneo, Java and Sumatra which were attached to mainland So ...
Debates enrich our understanding of pollination biology
... pollinators across regions. To demonstrate complex plant– pollinator interactions, the authors also emphasize community studies of pollination web systems, across seasons (Chapter 11) or throughout the whole life cycle of plants (Chapter 7). Yet some other detailed studies are ignored. For example, ...
... pollinators across regions. To demonstrate complex plant– pollinator interactions, the authors also emphasize community studies of pollination web systems, across seasons (Chapter 11) or throughout the whole life cycle of plants (Chapter 7). Yet some other detailed studies are ignored. For example, ...
The SER Primer on Ecological Restoration
... design. The restored ecosystem will not necessarily recover its former state, since contemporary constraints and conditions may cause it to develop along an altered trajectory. The historic trajectory of a severely impacted ecosystem may be difficult or impossible to determine with accuracy. Neverth ...
... design. The restored ecosystem will not necessarily recover its former state, since contemporary constraints and conditions may cause it to develop along an altered trajectory. The historic trajectory of a severely impacted ecosystem may be difficult or impossible to determine with accuracy. Neverth ...
Thermal adaptation and ecological speciation
... mating may provide the impetus for sympatric divergence in response to disruptive selection, and ecological differentiation and premating isolation may then increase in concert (e.g. Coyne & Orr 2004). Such a mechanism is different from classical reinforcement in that the fitness of intermediates is ...
... mating may provide the impetus for sympatric divergence in response to disruptive selection, and ecological differentiation and premating isolation may then increase in concert (e.g. Coyne & Orr 2004). Such a mechanism is different from classical reinforcement in that the fitness of intermediates is ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.