Edaphic Factor - Nishanta Rajakaruna`s Site
... The ability of soils to affect ecology or evolution of organisms other than plants is less well known. It is also less likely for many animals, in part because their mobility and aboveground lifestyle render them less influenced by the various properties of soils. One soil feature that in specific c ...
... The ability of soils to affect ecology or evolution of organisms other than plants is less well known. It is also less likely for many animals, in part because their mobility and aboveground lifestyle render them less influenced by the various properties of soils. One soil feature that in specific c ...
- University of East Anglia
... dispersal ability, and phenology? 3) Do trait shifts in response to physical disturbance ...
... dispersal ability, and phenology? 3) Do trait shifts in response to physical disturbance ...
Life history perspectives on pest insects: What`s the use?
... Note that it is not necessary to believe in the extremes of ‘adaptationism’ (Orzack & Sober 1994) in order to make use of optimality reasoning. It is enough to believe that natural selection is a powerful process, resulting in some degree of adaptation. It may well be that many traits of organisms a ...
... Note that it is not necessary to believe in the extremes of ‘adaptationism’ (Orzack & Sober 1994) in order to make use of optimality reasoning. It is enough to believe that natural selection is a powerful process, resulting in some degree of adaptation. It may well be that many traits of organisms a ...
Introduction to ecology and env
... is solar energy converted to chemical energy? How does this process influence life as we see it on earth? The transformations of energy from solar radiation to chemical energy and mechanical energy and finally back to heat are a traditional topic of Ecosystem Ecology. Subodh Sharma Dr.nat.tech.; ...
... is solar energy converted to chemical energy? How does this process influence life as we see it on earth? The transformations of energy from solar radiation to chemical energy and mechanical energy and finally back to heat are a traditional topic of Ecosystem Ecology. Subodh Sharma Dr.nat.tech.; ...
Niche construction theory - synergy
... “complementary match” between organism and environment: It places emphasis on the capacity of organisms to modify environmental states (Lewontin, 1983; Odling-Smee, 1988; Odling-Smee et al., 2003), often but not exclusively, in a manner that suits their genotypes (Fig. 1b). Such matches should be th ...
... “complementary match” between organism and environment: It places emphasis on the capacity of organisms to modify environmental states (Lewontin, 1983; Odling-Smee, 1988; Odling-Smee et al., 2003), often but not exclusively, in a manner that suits their genotypes (Fig. 1b). Such matches should be th ...
restoration of mediterranean - type woodlands and shrublands
... degradation process reaches or exceeds a certain threshold beyond which restoration becomes prohibitively expensive or impossible. This may be the case in some firesensitive systems, where wildfire removes vegetation cover, leaving an unprotected soil. In eastern Spain, for example, many plant commu ...
... degradation process reaches or exceeds a certain threshold beyond which restoration becomes prohibitively expensive or impossible. This may be the case in some firesensitive systems, where wildfire removes vegetation cover, leaving an unprotected soil. In eastern Spain, for example, many plant commu ...
The effect of historical legacy on adaptation: do closely related
... group of species, evolutionary history may have an effect on both the size and direction ...
... group of species, evolutionary history may have an effect on both the size and direction ...
Photosynthesis in Extreme Environments
... When we think of extremophiles, prokaryotes come to mind first. Thomas Brock’s pioneering studies of extremophiles carried out in Yellowstone’s hydrothermal environments, set the focus of life in extreme environments on prokaryotes and their metabolisms (Brock, 1978). However, eukaryotic microbial l ...
... When we think of extremophiles, prokaryotes come to mind first. Thomas Brock’s pioneering studies of extremophiles carried out in Yellowstone’s hydrothermal environments, set the focus of life in extreme environments on prokaryotes and their metabolisms (Brock, 1978). However, eukaryotic microbial l ...
Introducing Permaculture to Economic Ecosystems: the Integrative
... Georgescu-Roegen (1975, p. 367) discusses Hermann Daly’s concept of the steady state economy with respect to its reliance on irreversible processes and physical laws, concluding that "a steady state may exist in fact only in an approximated manner and over a finite duration". As this was not enough ...
... Georgescu-Roegen (1975, p. 367) discusses Hermann Daly’s concept of the steady state economy with respect to its reliance on irreversible processes and physical laws, concluding that "a steady state may exist in fact only in an approximated manner and over a finite duration". As this was not enough ...
Functional traits, convergent evolution, and periodic tables of niches
... from functional trait and performance data. Niche differences and their influence on ecological patterns and processes could be revealed effectively by first performing data reduction/ordination analyses separately on matrices of trait and performance data compiled according to logical associations ...
... from functional trait and performance data. Niche differences and their influence on ecological patterns and processes could be revealed effectively by first performing data reduction/ordination analyses separately on matrices of trait and performance data compiled according to logical associations ...
On the Relationship between Productivity and Food Chain
... is more widespread than previously suspected (Arim and Marquet 2004) and thus has the potential to be a determinant of food chain length in nature. One problem for studying the effect of energy on community structure is that potential determinants of available energy in natural ecosystems are divers ...
... is more widespread than previously suspected (Arim and Marquet 2004) and thus has the potential to be a determinant of food chain length in nature. One problem for studying the effect of energy on community structure is that potential determinants of available energy in natural ecosystems are divers ...
ppt檔案
... In plants, a phenomenon known as selfthinning attests to the importance of intraspecific competition. The rye grass Lolium perenne, exemplifies this phenomenon.(Fig. 9.10) The straight line associated with the decline in density over time has a slope of –3/2. This slope is found in many plant ...
... In plants, a phenomenon known as selfthinning attests to the importance of intraspecific competition. The rye grass Lolium perenne, exemplifies this phenomenon.(Fig. 9.10) The straight line associated with the decline in density over time has a slope of –3/2. This slope is found in many plant ...
Spartina anglica - Washington State University
... The interactions between organisms and their environments determine their distributions and abundances • Distribution = geographic range • abundance=individuals per unit area • environmental factors – abiotic - non-living chemical and physical factors – biotic - living factors like other organisms ...
... The interactions between organisms and their environments determine their distributions and abundances • Distribution = geographic range • abundance=individuals per unit area • environmental factors – abiotic - non-living chemical and physical factors – biotic - living factors like other organisms ...
i.e. Mayfield and Levine 2010
... phylogenetic trait conservatism or a weak influence of competition on the assembly of the examined system (recent uses of these interpretations in Cahill et al. 2008 and Cavender-Bares et al. 2009). While these potential explanations are certainly reasonable, the literature largely ignores the possi ...
... phylogenetic trait conservatism or a weak influence of competition on the assembly of the examined system (recent uses of these interpretations in Cahill et al. 2008 and Cavender-Bares et al. 2009). While these potential explanations are certainly reasonable, the literature largely ignores the possi ...
Eco - Scioly.org
... Multiple Choice: Pick the best answer for the question and write it legibly on the line. 1. The most fundamental unit of ecology is the: A. population B. organism C. community D. ecosystem E. None of the above 2. If a country decreases in land area, but its population remains the same, the populati ...
... Multiple Choice: Pick the best answer for the question and write it legibly on the line. 1. The most fundamental unit of ecology is the: A. population B. organism C. community D. ecosystem E. None of the above 2. If a country decreases in land area, but its population remains the same, the populati ...
Using trait-based ecology to restore resilient ecosystems
... for those conditions are known. If trait-based models cannot reproduce historical assemblages when these trait values are known, then trait-based approaches will be unreliable to plan for the future because the optimum traits for future conditions are unknown, or at best, they are predicted using st ...
... for those conditions are known. If trait-based models cannot reproduce historical assemblages when these trait values are known, then trait-based approaches will be unreliable to plan for the future because the optimum traits for future conditions are unknown, or at best, they are predicted using st ...
Linking Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Current Uncertainties and the Necessary Next Steps Forum
... Large-scale observational studies provide different and complementary insight into experimental manipulations of the links between species richness and ecosystem services. They can be performed at scales compatible with management decisions, can capture variation in service supply, and reflect real- ...
... Large-scale observational studies provide different and complementary insight into experimental manipulations of the links between species richness and ecosystem services. They can be performed at scales compatible with management decisions, can capture variation in service supply, and reflect real- ...
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
... into processes (e.g., biotic vs. abiotic determinants of community structure) that underscore the structural (e.g., biodiversity) and functional (e.g., nutrient cycling) attributes of ecosystems. This approach also can involve application of understanding achieved in one ecosystem to a wide range of ...
... into processes (e.g., biotic vs. abiotic determinants of community structure) that underscore the structural (e.g., biodiversity) and functional (e.g., nutrient cycling) attributes of ecosystems. This approach also can involve application of understanding achieved in one ecosystem to a wide range of ...
Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization
... Genetic homogenization can be quantified using a variety of genetic characteristics, such as the allelic composition of a particular locus or set of loci (i.e. identity of genotypes), their frequencies (i.e. relative abundance of genotypes), or by one of many metrics derived from the above parameter ...
... Genetic homogenization can be quantified using a variety of genetic characteristics, such as the allelic composition of a particular locus or set of loci (i.e. identity of genotypes), their frequencies (i.e. relative abundance of genotypes), or by one of many metrics derived from the above parameter ...
Predicting Changes in Community Composition and Ecosystem
... processes. However, the knowledge of relationships between traits associated with the response of plants to environmental factors such as resources and disturbances (response traits), and traits that determine effects of plants on ecosystem functions (effect traits), such as biogeochemical cycling o ...
... processes. However, the knowledge of relationships between traits associated with the response of plants to environmental factors such as resources and disturbances (response traits), and traits that determine effects of plants on ecosystem functions (effect traits), such as biogeochemical cycling o ...
Chapter 2.1 - Ecosystems
... Vocabulary – Use Window Notes: Define and provide an example. Limiting factor Carrying capacity Succession Pioneer species ...
... Vocabulary – Use Window Notes: Define and provide an example. Limiting factor Carrying capacity Succession Pioneer species ...
Scientific program 2015 – 2019 MIKON
... Under research Theme III, MIKON will conduct studies of socio-ecological systems to evaluate how new and existing industries affect the availability and use of ecosystem services. Comparative research and studies of governance processes will be used to identify sustainability challenges associated w ...
... Under research Theme III, MIKON will conduct studies of socio-ecological systems to evaluate how new and existing industries affect the availability and use of ecosystem services. Comparative research and studies of governance processes will be used to identify sustainability challenges associated w ...
Staddon et al 2010
... unexplored. For example, weak flows of individuals between habitats may have significant impacts on population production and community stability (Loreau et al. 2003). From this perspective, a more complete understanding of the impacts of habitat fragmentation on ecosystems requires the study of the ...
... unexplored. For example, weak flows of individuals between habitats may have significant impacts on population production and community stability (Loreau et al. 2003). From this perspective, a more complete understanding of the impacts of habitat fragmentation on ecosystems requires the study of the ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.