Variable elements of metacommunity structure across an aquatic
... more informative. It has been argued that, for community ecology to move forward in terms of finding general rules, more attention needs to be placed on functional trait-based approaches (McGill et al. 2006). Traits are beneficial for examining key ecological processes, such as the interaction betwe ...
... more informative. It has been argued that, for community ecology to move forward in terms of finding general rules, more attention needs to be placed on functional trait-based approaches (McGill et al. 2006). Traits are beneficial for examining key ecological processes, such as the interaction betwe ...
Indirect effects of invasive Burmese pythons on ecosystems in
... 1. Invasive predators can dramatically alter ecosystems through both direct predation and indirect effects such as tropic cascades. However, most examples of top-down effects of invasive predators in terrestrial systems stem from islands or similar low-diversity ecosystems. Snakes are an emerging gu ...
... 1. Invasive predators can dramatically alter ecosystems through both direct predation and indirect effects such as tropic cascades. However, most examples of top-down effects of invasive predators in terrestrial systems stem from islands or similar low-diversity ecosystems. Snakes are an emerging gu ...
Evolutionary diversification, coevolution between populations and
... their local habitats and partly to the distribution of populations over space within regions. Ecological niche modeling draws attention to the population niche as it is distributed across spatial environmental gradients, whereas phylogenetic community analysis emphasizes the evolutionary diversificat ...
... their local habitats and partly to the distribution of populations over space within regions. Ecological niche modeling draws attention to the population niche as it is distributed across spatial environmental gradients, whereas phylogenetic community analysis emphasizes the evolutionary diversificat ...
The scope of the problem - Assets
... such interactions are probably highly asymmetrical with ants gaining shortterm benefits while the benefit for plants might be less obvious if ants eventually affect plant species composition in an ecosystem. A positive outcome might only be discernible over periods of several years. Similarly, the i ...
... such interactions are probably highly asymmetrical with ants gaining shortterm benefits while the benefit for plants might be less obvious if ants eventually affect plant species composition in an ecosystem. A positive outcome might only be discernible over periods of several years. Similarly, the i ...
English
... The CBD parties agreed to a new set of twenty biodiversity targets for the period 2011-2020, referred to as the Aichi targets (CBD 2010). On request of the CBD, GEO BON prepared an assessment of the adequacy of observation systems to provide the data needed for these targets (GEO BON 2011). It concl ...
... The CBD parties agreed to a new set of twenty biodiversity targets for the period 2011-2020, referred to as the Aichi targets (CBD 2010). On request of the CBD, GEO BON prepared an assessment of the adequacy of observation systems to provide the data needed for these targets (GEO BON 2011). It concl ...
the role of competition in structuring ant communities: a review
... limited resource. It may be symmetrical or asymmetrical to one another. The result of competition between two species is an increase in the adjustment of one species over another, due to its superior skills to access the resource (Andersen et al. 1992). Competition between ants or other taxa should ...
... limited resource. It may be symmetrical or asymmetrical to one another. The result of competition between two species is an increase in the adjustment of one species over another, due to its superior skills to access the resource (Andersen et al. 1992). Competition between ants or other taxa should ...
Ambiguous, circular and polysemous: students
... become more controversial. Cuddington (2001) argued that even though the BON idea has historical roots that are religious and cultural, this metaphor continues to play a role in modern ecology and in political movements such as environmentalism. She demonstrates that the BON metaphor is not a pre-th ...
... become more controversial. Cuddington (2001) argued that even though the BON idea has historical roots that are religious and cultural, this metaphor continues to play a role in modern ecology and in political movements such as environmentalism. She demonstrates that the BON metaphor is not a pre-th ...
Plasticity and trait-mediated indirect interactions among plants
... responses have long lag times and are largely irreversible. In addition, the diffuse nature of competition among plants within communities may limit a plant’s ability to exhibit its maximum potential plasticity in response to biotic interactions. Thus there appear to be greater limits and constraint ...
... responses have long lag times and are largely irreversible. In addition, the diffuse nature of competition among plants within communities may limit a plant’s ability to exhibit its maximum potential plasticity in response to biotic interactions. Thus there appear to be greater limits and constraint ...
The Role of Cognitive Niches in Mediating Knowledge, Entropy &... Lorenzo Magnani () Tommaso Bertolotti ()
... on them. Hence, also spiders adopt what humans call cheating and cognitively alter their cognitive niches to this aim. Cheating is part and parcel of aggressive predatory behavior (Bertolotti, Magnani, & Bardone, 2013). It is of course not appropriate and clearly anthropomorphic to call these kinds ...
... on them. Hence, also spiders adopt what humans call cheating and cognitively alter their cognitive niches to this aim. Cheating is part and parcel of aggressive predatory behavior (Bertolotti, Magnani, & Bardone, 2013). It is of course not appropriate and clearly anthropomorphic to call these kinds ...
Biomes, Ecosystems, and Communities Worksheets
... Oceanic biomes occur in the open ocean beyond the continental shelf. There are lower concentrations of dissolved nutrients away from shore, so the oceanic zone has a lower density of organisms than the neritic zone. The oceanic zone is divided into additional zones based on water depth. • The epipel ...
... Oceanic biomes occur in the open ocean beyond the continental shelf. There are lower concentrations of dissolved nutrients away from shore, so the oceanic zone has a lower density of organisms than the neritic zone. The oceanic zone is divided into additional zones based on water depth. • The epipel ...
Speciation
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
Primary consumers
... • Interspecific interactions can be classified according to the effect on the populations concerned. – –/– interactions occur when two populations in a community compete for a common resource. – +/+ interactions are mutually beneficial, such as between plants and their pollinators. – +/– interactio ...
... • Interspecific interactions can be classified according to the effect on the populations concerned. – –/– interactions occur when two populations in a community compete for a common resource. – +/+ interactions are mutually beneficial, such as between plants and their pollinators. – +/– interactio ...
Food Web Network Structure
... Cattin, M.-F., L.-F. Bersier, C. Banašek-Richter, M. Baltensperger, & J.-P. Gabriel (2004) Phylogenetic constraints and adaptation explain food-web structure. Nature 427: 835-839. Cohen, J.E., & C.M. Newman (1985) A stochastic theory of community food webs: I. Models and aggregated data. Proceedings ...
... Cattin, M.-F., L.-F. Bersier, C. Banašek-Richter, M. Baltensperger, & J.-P. Gabriel (2004) Phylogenetic constraints and adaptation explain food-web structure. Nature 427: 835-839. Cohen, J.E., & C.M. Newman (1985) A stochastic theory of community food webs: I. Models and aggregated data. Proceedings ...
Biodiversity Research
... It is the first international set of regulations to extend protection to all elements of the living environment, while also linking it to the sustainable human use of biological resources. The CBD thus goes far beyond the substance of earlier agreements on the protection of the environment and endan ...
... It is the first international set of regulations to extend protection to all elements of the living environment, while also linking it to the sustainable human use of biological resources. The CBD thus goes far beyond the substance of earlier agreements on the protection of the environment and endan ...
the role of competition in structuring ant
... observations on resource sharing. The reason for such studies seems to rely on the classical theory of competition, which predicted that two species can not occupy the same niche or coexist unless there is some divergence in resource use (Schoener 1982). During this period, many entomologists have r ...
... observations on resource sharing. The reason for such studies seems to rely on the classical theory of competition, which predicted that two species can not occupy the same niche or coexist unless there is some divergence in resource use (Schoener 1982). During this period, many entomologists have r ...
Biodiversity and Climate Change: Integrating Evolutionary and
... that the selective process of evolution can significantly affect population dynamics (Hanski & Saccheri 2006, Pelletier et al. 2007; see also reviews by Kokko & López-Sepulcre 2007 and Saccheri & Hanski 2006). This is the case for many introduced species, for which selection-driven phenotypic change ...
... that the selective process of evolution can significantly affect population dynamics (Hanski & Saccheri 2006, Pelletier et al. 2007; see also reviews by Kokko & López-Sepulcre 2007 and Saccheri & Hanski 2006). This is the case for many introduced species, for which selection-driven phenotypic change ...
Marine Ecosystems and Global Change
... System. Understanding the functioning of marine ecosystems and how they respond to global change is also essential in order to effectively manage global marine living resources, such as fisheries. The upper trophic levels of marine ecosystems—fish, whales, seals and seabirds—are all prominent in the ...
... System. Understanding the functioning of marine ecosystems and how they respond to global change is also essential in order to effectively manage global marine living resources, such as fisheries. The upper trophic levels of marine ecosystems—fish, whales, seals and seabirds—are all prominent in the ...
abiotic constraints eclipse biotic resistance in
... Abstract. Effective management of invasive species requires that we understand the mechanisms determining community invasibility. Successful invaders must tolerate abiotic conditions and overcome resistance from native species in invaded habitats. Biotic resistance to invasions may reflect the divers ...
... Abstract. Effective management of invasive species requires that we understand the mechanisms determining community invasibility. Successful invaders must tolerate abiotic conditions and overcome resistance from native species in invaded habitats. Biotic resistance to invasions may reflect the divers ...
Ecological Dynamics on Yellowstone`s Northern Range
... is very different from any previous state that we know about in the past few thousand years. We do not think it is. Vegetation changes observed in the past 130 years or so appear to have been influenced more by ungulate browsing than by climate change. Management for Ecosystem State or Ecosystem Pro ...
... is very different from any previous state that we know about in the past few thousand years. We do not think it is. Vegetation changes observed in the past 130 years or so appear to have been influenced more by ungulate browsing than by climate change. Management for Ecosystem State or Ecosystem Pro ...
Thompson 2009 - Department of Biology
... observational and experimental designs. Evolutionary studies are therefore not something that can be added on later once the molecular, physiological, and ecological mechanisms are well understood. Evolutionary processes contribute to the structure of variation at every temporal and spatial scale th ...
... observational and experimental designs. Evolutionary studies are therefore not something that can be added on later once the molecular, physiological, and ecological mechanisms are well understood. Evolutionary processes contribute to the structure of variation at every temporal and spatial scale th ...
Pushing the limits in marine species distribution modelling: lessons
... Methods We first performed a literature search and analysis of marine and terrestrial SDMs in ISI Web of Science to assess trends and applications. Using knowledge from terrestrial applications, we critically evaluate the application of SDMs in marine systems in the context of ecological factors (di ...
... Methods We first performed a literature search and analysis of marine and terrestrial SDMs in ISI Web of Science to assess trends and applications. Using knowledge from terrestrial applications, we critically evaluate the application of SDMs in marine systems in the context of ecological factors (di ...
This article discusses the various hypotheses proposed to explain
... leaving the question as to whether his hypothesis could be supported in other biomes. In 1981, Runkle examined the processes of succession and regeneration after disturbance in old-growth forest systems in the Appalachian Mountains by studying forest regeneration in gaps created by windfalls. Runkle ...
... leaving the question as to whether his hypothesis could be supported in other biomes. In 1981, Runkle examined the processes of succession and regeneration after disturbance in old-growth forest systems in the Appalachian Mountains by studying forest regeneration in gaps created by windfalls. Runkle ...
Restoration Biology: A Population Biology Perspective
... in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” In essence, the conceptual framework of population biology originates from the theory of organic evolution. This conceptual framework forms the basis of a population biologist’s viewpoint that restoration is ultimately successful when populat ...
... in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” In essence, the conceptual framework of population biology originates from the theory of organic evolution. This conceptual framework forms the basis of a population biologist’s viewpoint that restoration is ultimately successful when populat ...
Does functional redundancy exist?
... leads to neutral stability and perfect functional redundancy. For this theory to apply to natural systems, species should experience pure random drift and have no niche differences that determine their local competitive ability and their spatial and temporal responses to environmental gradients. Alt ...
... leads to neutral stability and perfect functional redundancy. For this theory to apply to natural systems, species should experience pure random drift and have no niche differences that determine their local competitive ability and their spatial and temporal responses to environmental gradients. Alt ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.