Fish abundance with no fishing: predictions based on
... 4. We apply the method in the intensively fished North Sea and compare the predicted structure of the unexploited fish community with contemporary community data. 5. We suggest that the current biomass of large fishes weighing 4–16 kg and 16–66 kg, respectively, is 97·4% and 99·2% lower than in the ...
... 4. We apply the method in the intensively fished North Sea and compare the predicted structure of the unexploited fish community with contemporary community data. 5. We suggest that the current biomass of large fishes weighing 4–16 kg and 16–66 kg, respectively, is 97·4% and 99·2% lower than in the ...
Ecology3e Ch15 Lecture KEY
... Because environmental conditions tend to be more extreme at high-elevation sites, these results suggest that positive interactions may be more common in stressful environments. Similar results have been found in intertidal communities. ...
... Because environmental conditions tend to be more extreme at high-elevation sites, these results suggest that positive interactions may be more common in stressful environments. Similar results have been found in intertidal communities. ...
Impact of Pollutants on Coastal and Benthic Marine Communities
... directly or through their metabolites [57], causing mutagenesis [58]. Biomarkers of genotoxicity include DNA damage, which is based upon potentially pre-mutagenic lesions (such as DNA adducts, base modifications, DNADNA and DNA-proteins cross-linking and DNA strand breaks) and chromosomal damage [59 ...
... directly or through their metabolites [57], causing mutagenesis [58]. Biomarkers of genotoxicity include DNA damage, which is based upon potentially pre-mutagenic lesions (such as DNA adducts, base modifications, DNADNA and DNA-proteins cross-linking and DNA strand breaks) and chromosomal damage [59 ...
Notes to Instructors Answers
... whenever any dideoxynucleotide (abbreviated ddNTP) is added to the growing DNA strand, synthesis stops at that point. If the ratio of normal to dideoxynucleotides is high enough, where the dideoxynucleotide (rather than the normal deoxynucleotide) will be included in the sequence is random. You set ...
... whenever any dideoxynucleotide (abbreviated ddNTP) is added to the growing DNA strand, synthesis stops at that point. If the ratio of normal to dideoxynucleotides is high enough, where the dideoxynucleotide (rather than the normal deoxynucleotide) will be included in the sequence is random. You set ...
Ecology before ecology: biogeography and ecology in Lyell`s
... ‘ecology’ was not coined until nearly 50 years after its publication. Care is needed as it is easy to misinterpret such a book by focusing on the ideas which seem prescient to a modern reader while ignoring the apparently wrong ideas in which they are embedded. Indeed the ecology in Lyell’s Principl ...
... ‘ecology’ was not coined until nearly 50 years after its publication. Care is needed as it is easy to misinterpret such a book by focusing on the ideas which seem prescient to a modern reader while ignoring the apparently wrong ideas in which they are embedded. Indeed the ecology in Lyell’s Principl ...
From regional to global patterns in vertebrate scavenger
... Main conclusions Anthropogenic food from hunting subsidizes many vertebrate species from different trophic levels and conservation status and thus is expected to affect from populations to ecosystems. Obligate scavengers and apex predators seem to play a key role structuring the scavenger community ...
... Main conclusions Anthropogenic food from hunting subsidizes many vertebrate species from different trophic levels and conservation status and thus is expected to affect from populations to ecosystems. Obligate scavengers and apex predators seem to play a key role structuring the scavenger community ...
Full citation: Hamblin, Jacob D. (ed.), Roundtable Review of
... After all, didn’t most historians decide long ago that they were “humanities” people rather than “science” people? Who can deny that the topics we choose reflect our values, interests, experiences, and edu ...
... After all, didn’t most historians decide long ago that they were “humanities” people rather than “science” people? Who can deny that the topics we choose reflect our values, interests, experiences, and edu ...
The Impact of Invasive Species on Ecosystem Services and Human
... greatest impact on important ecosystem services. It is easier to prevent introductions of NIS than to eradicate them. 4. Do better at controlling borders by making impacts of NIS on ecosystem services and human well-being explicit to the public. 5. Treat biological invasions more like global warming ...
... greatest impact on important ecosystem services. It is easier to prevent introductions of NIS than to eradicate them. 4. Do better at controlling borders by making impacts of NIS on ecosystem services and human well-being explicit to the public. 5. Treat biological invasions more like global warming ...
BioScience - Oxford Academic
... at a cost: As a consequence of human-driven environmental change (the Anthropocene), the Earth is now experiencing massive biodiversity loss, with extinction rates estimated to be 1000 times higher than background levels (Pimm et al. 2014). Under this new world order, many species are being forced ...
... at a cost: As a consequence of human-driven environmental change (the Anthropocene), the Earth is now experiencing massive biodiversity loss, with extinction rates estimated to be 1000 times higher than background levels (Pimm et al. 2014). Under this new world order, many species are being forced ...
73252-05_Lecture_3e
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
The Cronus hypothesis – extinction as a necessary and dynamic
... two fronts. First, the notion of a community of species as a population of selfish individuals (Dawkins 1989) retains the Darwinian view of contestation, without the necessity of cooperation that the organismal Gaia concept implies. Self-regulation in Cronus occurs naturally as a result of extinctio ...
... two fronts. First, the notion of a community of species as a population of selfish individuals (Dawkins 1989) retains the Darwinian view of contestation, without the necessity of cooperation that the organismal Gaia concept implies. Self-regulation in Cronus occurs naturally as a result of extinctio ...
ECOSYSTEM 250Q
... 51. In the carbon cycle, carbon moves from reservoir to reservoir as various organic and inorganic processes occur on Earth. Only a small percentage of the global carbon is moved in this cycle each year. The remaining carbon is stored in these reservoirs. Which reservoir contains the greatest amount ...
... 51. In the carbon cycle, carbon moves from reservoir to reservoir as various organic and inorganic processes occur on Earth. Only a small percentage of the global carbon is moved in this cycle each year. The remaining carbon is stored in these reservoirs. Which reservoir contains the greatest amount ...
student resources - Santa Ana Unified School District
... stays up late watching Netflix,” I paraphrased that sentence as____________.” Student 2: “After reading the first sentence I found that the author’s main idea was _______ so I made sure to include that idea in my paraphrased sentence of ____________.” Continue sharing your paraphrased sentences unti ...
... stays up late watching Netflix,” I paraphrased that sentence as____________.” Student 2: “After reading the first sentence I found that the author’s main idea was _______ so I made sure to include that idea in my paraphrased sentence of ____________.” Continue sharing your paraphrased sentences unti ...
Guns, Germs and Steel
... transmit learning, or “culture.” With each new skill he found in his surroundings more opportunity or “resources” to fashion products of use to himself, to improve his well-being, and to increase his numbers. An environment can only be described in terms of the knowledge and preferences of the occup ...
... transmit learning, or “culture.” With each new skill he found in his surroundings more opportunity or “resources” to fashion products of use to himself, to improve his well-being, and to increase his numbers. An environment can only be described in terms of the knowledge and preferences of the occup ...
Comparative ecology of desert small mammals: a
... possible, and to provide structure to the wealth of available literature, I focus my efforts on 4 themes: competition compared with predation; the influence of biotic and abiotic factors; assemblage structure and composition; and food hoarding and the role that small mammals have in regulating veget ...
... possible, and to provide structure to the wealth of available literature, I focus my efforts on 4 themes: competition compared with predation; the influence of biotic and abiotic factors; assemblage structure and composition; and food hoarding and the role that small mammals have in regulating veget ...
PPT 2
... An association between two species in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed is called a. symbiosis. b. mutualism. c. commensalism. d. parasitism. ...
... An association between two species in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed is called a. symbiosis. b. mutualism. c. commensalism. d. parasitism. ...
How Evolution Works - The Teacher-Friendly Guide™ to Evolution
... that are advantageous depend entirely upon the current environmental context. So, traits that are successful in one environment might be very detrimental in another setting or if the environment changes. Of particular concern is when the environment dramatically changes quickly (as we are seeing tod ...
... that are advantageous depend entirely upon the current environmental context. So, traits that are successful in one environment might be very detrimental in another setting or if the environment changes. Of particular concern is when the environment dramatically changes quickly (as we are seeing tod ...
Stability and complexity : a reappraisal of the Competitive Exclusion
... This led to apparent mathematical incompatibility between complexity and stability of ...
... This led to apparent mathematical incompatibility between complexity and stability of ...
Patterns of species diversity and phylogenetic structure of vascular
... September 2013; Accepted: 17 September ...
... September 2013; Accepted: 17 September ...
CV - Northern Arizona University
... Examination of the relationship between administrative boundaries and ecological boundaries; socio-ecological thresholds; the influence on ecological divergence of communication, vulnerability, and biological invasions. Resource Condition Assessments for the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape. Assessmen ...
... Examination of the relationship between administrative boundaries and ecological boundaries; socio-ecological thresholds; the influence on ecological divergence of communication, vulnerability, and biological invasions. Resource Condition Assessments for the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape. Assessmen ...
Synergies among extinction drivers under global change
... The extinction of species caused by direct perturbation, such as broad-scale tropical forest clearance for agriculture [1] or the elimination of island populations by introduced predators [2], constitutes the primary driver of biodiversity loss in the modern context [3]. Yet even when these systemat ...
... The extinction of species caused by direct perturbation, such as broad-scale tropical forest clearance for agriculture [1] or the elimination of island populations by introduced predators [2], constitutes the primary driver of biodiversity loss in the modern context [3]. Yet even when these systemat ...
Network ecology: topological constraints on ecosystem dynamics
... Definitions of ecology are highly variable from Haeckel (cited in [11]) to the modern textbook definitions [11]. The common message is the emphasis on interactions between living individuals and their abiotic environment, between conspecific individuals, between populations, between different groups ...
... Definitions of ecology are highly variable from Haeckel (cited in [11]) to the modern textbook definitions [11]. The common message is the emphasis on interactions between living individuals and their abiotic environment, between conspecific individuals, between populations, between different groups ...
6-3 Biodiversity
... Invasive species are introduced species that reproduce rapidly because their new habitat lacks the predators that would control their population. ...
... Invasive species are introduced species that reproduce rapidly because their new habitat lacks the predators that would control their population. ...
Approximating Nature`s Variation: Selecting and Using Reference
... so on would also show variation due to sampling artifacts, differences in environment, history, and biotic interactions among reference sites, and stochastic factors. ...
... so on would also show variation due to sampling artifacts, differences in environment, history, and biotic interactions among reference sites, and stochastic factors. ...
Ch5WithgottPPT2
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.