Study on the Population Carrying Capacity in Northeast China
... carrying capacity significantly. To sum up, the population size is not overload when we consider carrying capacity of a single resource, such as cultivated land and water. The Ecological deficit is 2.115 gha in Northeast China. This paper establishes three projects to calculate ecological optimum po ...
... carrying capacity significantly. To sum up, the population size is not overload when we consider carrying capacity of a single resource, such as cultivated land and water. The Ecological deficit is 2.115 gha in Northeast China. This paper establishes three projects to calculate ecological optimum po ...
Spillover of functionally important organisms between managed and
... are still poorly understood. Examples of interconnected habitats include the importance of resource spillover from marine environments in determining community composition in coastal terrestrial systems (Polis et al., 1997) or ‘predation shadows’, cast by organisms with complex life histories (e.g. ...
... are still poorly understood. Examples of interconnected habitats include the importance of resource spillover from marine environments in determining community composition in coastal terrestrial systems (Polis et al., 1997) or ‘predation shadows’, cast by organisms with complex life histories (e.g. ...
Biodiversity
... It goes on, “Land use change can make significant contribution to reducing national emissions. It has been estimated that agricultural soils could take up an additional 115 megatonnes of carbon, which is equivalent to 22 per cent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the energy sector… If we can ma ...
... It goes on, “Land use change can make significant contribution to reducing national emissions. It has been estimated that agricultural soils could take up an additional 115 megatonnes of carbon, which is equivalent to 22 per cent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the energy sector… If we can ma ...
Beyond demography and delisting: ecological recovery for
... the context of carnivore recovery. Our hope is that at the approach used here can serve heuristically to evaluate and discuss progress towards ecosystem restoration. ...
... the context of carnivore recovery. Our hope is that at the approach used here can serve heuristically to evaluate and discuss progress towards ecosystem restoration. ...
Role of niche restrictions and dispersal in the composition of
... Journal compilation © 2006 British Ecological Society, Journal of Ecology ...
... Journal compilation © 2006 British Ecological Society, Journal of Ecology ...
- Miguel A. Fortuna
... and a much smaller size than other networks studied, which has important implications for network topology (see Dunne, Williams, & Martinez 2002 for a recent review). Some recent work (e.g., Montoya & Solé 2002; Dunne, Williams, & Martinez 2002) has focussed on the degree distribution shown by real ...
... and a much smaller size than other networks studied, which has important implications for network topology (see Dunne, Williams, & Martinez 2002 for a recent review). Some recent work (e.g., Montoya & Solé 2002; Dunne, Williams, & Martinez 2002) has focussed on the degree distribution shown by real ...
Environmental ethics - LSE Research Online
... slightly different criteria for moral standing, both place a premium on a form of consciousness. For Singer, if an entity possesses the relevant type of consciousness, then that entity should be given equal consideration when we formulate our moral obligations. Note that the point is not that every ...
... slightly different criteria for moral standing, both place a premium on a form of consciousness. For Singer, if an entity possesses the relevant type of consciousness, then that entity should be given equal consideration when we formulate our moral obligations. Note that the point is not that every ...
Network structure beyond food webs: mapping nontrophic and
... region, and at the same time, be rigorous in not including interactions when information was lacking or when we could not find a consensus among experts. Possible biases in the construction of the web are listed and discussed in Appendix A. As a first step, we created separate species-by-species matri ...
... region, and at the same time, be rigorous in not including interactions when information was lacking or when we could not find a consensus among experts. Possible biases in the construction of the web are listed and discussed in Appendix A. As a first step, we created separate species-by-species matri ...
Forty years of experiments on aquatic invasive species
... with significant impacts on biodiversity (Wilcove et al. 1998; Grosholz 2002; Olden et al. 2004; Bruno et al. 2005; Byers 2009) and large economic (Pimentel et al. 2000), and cultural costs (Lockwood et al. 2007). Efforts to manage and mitigate invasion impacts are contingent on rigorous scientific ...
... with significant impacts on biodiversity (Wilcove et al. 1998; Grosholz 2002; Olden et al. 2004; Bruno et al. 2005; Byers 2009) and large economic (Pimentel et al. 2000), and cultural costs (Lockwood et al. 2007). Efforts to manage and mitigate invasion impacts are contingent on rigorous scientific ...
Forty years of experiments on aquatic invasive species
... with significant impacts on biodiversity (Wilcove et al. 1998; Grosholz 2002; Olden et al. 2004; Bruno et al. 2005; Byers 2009) and large economic (Pimentel et al. 2000), and cultural costs (Lockwood et al. 2007). Efforts to manage and mitigate invasion impacts are contingent on rigorous scientific ...
... with significant impacts on biodiversity (Wilcove et al. 1998; Grosholz 2002; Olden et al. 2004; Bruno et al. 2005; Byers 2009) and large economic (Pimentel et al. 2000), and cultural costs (Lockwood et al. 2007). Efforts to manage and mitigate invasion impacts are contingent on rigorous scientific ...
Network structure beyond food webs: mapping non
... region, and at the same time, be rigorous in not including interactions when information was lacking or when we could not find a consensus among experts. Possible biases in the construction of the web are listed and discussed in Appendix A. As a first step, we created separate species-by-species matri ...
... region, and at the same time, be rigorous in not including interactions when information was lacking or when we could not find a consensus among experts. Possible biases in the construction of the web are listed and discussed in Appendix A. As a first step, we created separate species-by-species matri ...
Ecosystems - Environmental
... G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13th Edition MATES Chapter 4 SPRAGUE ENV MATES ...
... G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13th Edition MATES Chapter 4 SPRAGUE ENV MATES ...
Global Biodiversity Change Indicators
... The approach utilises the full temporal coverage of the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) and of NASA’s (Friedl et al 2010, Remote Sensing of Environment 114: 168-182) MODIS Land Cover Change dataset (2001 onwards). The PARC Indices can therefore report changes in the representativeness and c ...
... The approach utilises the full temporal coverage of the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) and of NASA’s (Friedl et al 2010, Remote Sensing of Environment 114: 168-182) MODIS Land Cover Change dataset (2001 onwards). The PARC Indices can therefore report changes in the representativeness and c ...
Impact: toward a framework for understanding
... species: freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, marine invertebrates, plants (and algae), and insects/terrestrial invertebrates. Papers were identified using systematic computerized searching strategies over 10 years of Biological Abstracts (1988–1993) and Biosis (1994–1997) or, for marine inver ...
... species: freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, marine invertebrates, plants (and algae), and insects/terrestrial invertebrates. Papers were identified using systematic computerized searching strategies over 10 years of Biological Abstracts (1988–1993) and Biosis (1994–1997) or, for marine inver ...
Impact: Toward a Framework for Understanding the Ecological
... species: freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, marine invertebrates, plants (and algae), and insects/terrestrial invertebrates. Papers were identified using systematic computerized searching strategies over 10 years of Biological Abstracts (1988–1993) and Biosis (1994–1997) or, for marine inver ...
... species: freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, marine invertebrates, plants (and algae), and insects/terrestrial invertebrates. Papers were identified using systematic computerized searching strategies over 10 years of Biological Abstracts (1988–1993) and Biosis (1994–1997) or, for marine inver ...
Peay et al 2008 - North American Mycoflora Project
... 2005). Lichens, which are symbioses between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, are also widespread and important, particularly in stressful abiotic environments, where they contribute significantly to biomass, nitrogen fixation, and mineral weathering. Other fungi form external mutualistic symbioses ...
... 2005). Lichens, which are symbioses between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, are also widespread and important, particularly in stressful abiotic environments, where they contribute significantly to biomass, nitrogen fixation, and mineral weathering. Other fungi form external mutualistic symbioses ...
Fungal Community Ecology: A Hybrid Beast with a Molecular Master
... 2005). Lichens, which are symbioses between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, are also widespread and important, particularly in stressful abiotic environments, where they contribute significantly to biomass, nitrogen fixation, and mineral weathering. Other fungi form external mutualistic symbioses ...
... 2005). Lichens, which are symbioses between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, are also widespread and important, particularly in stressful abiotic environments, where they contribute significantly to biomass, nitrogen fixation, and mineral weathering. Other fungi form external mutualistic symbioses ...
A Sensitive Ecosystem Guide - Salt Spring Island Conservancy
... Mature forest ecosystems are conifer-dominated dry to moist forest stands, usually 80 to 250 years old. Some stands may include deciduous tree species making up 25% of the canopy cover. Where are Mature Forest Ecosystems located? Mature forest ecosystems are often found in areas surrounding or borde ...
... Mature forest ecosystems are conifer-dominated dry to moist forest stands, usually 80 to 250 years old. Some stands may include deciduous tree species making up 25% of the canopy cover. Where are Mature Forest Ecosystems located? Mature forest ecosystems are often found in areas surrounding or borde ...
articles - Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
... Figure 1. Diagrammatic representation of processes occurring in oak forest and adjacent non-oak forest relevant to Lyme-disease risk and gypsy moth population dynamics. In fall/winter of a mast year: 1 many acorns are produced; 2 mice in oak forest eat and store acorns and survive winter well; 3 dee ...
... Figure 1. Diagrammatic representation of processes occurring in oak forest and adjacent non-oak forest relevant to Lyme-disease risk and gypsy moth population dynamics. In fall/winter of a mast year: 1 many acorns are produced; 2 mice in oak forest eat and store acorns and survive winter well; 3 dee ...
Drivers of Population Dynamics in Bacterioplankton
... central roles in the global carbon cycle and bacteria in these systems perform many services for the ecosystems, such as the transfer of organic carbon from primary producers to higher trophic levels. With estimated relative abundances up to 50% of the total bacterioplankton, the Alphaproteobacteria ...
... central roles in the global carbon cycle and bacteria in these systems perform many services for the ecosystems, such as the transfer of organic carbon from primary producers to higher trophic levels. With estimated relative abundances up to 50% of the total bacterioplankton, the Alphaproteobacteria ...
1 THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES 1. INTRODUCTION Before
... Mutations cause changes on micro-evolutionary level. It is the main driving force behind evolutionary change. These changes may be lethal, neutral or fixed. If a Origin of Species: October 2007 ©WCED ...
... Mutations cause changes on micro-evolutionary level. It is the main driving force behind evolutionary change. These changes may be lethal, neutral or fixed. If a Origin of Species: October 2007 ©WCED ...
MACRO-INVERTEBRATE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN
... (Jones et al. 1994). These efforts of classification are useful devices for understanding the complexity of ecological systems. Similar to approaches used in terrestrial ecology, aquatic research tends to elaborate functional groups in order to link ecosystem performance to biodiversity (Körner 1993 ...
... (Jones et al. 1994). These efforts of classification are useful devices for understanding the complexity of ecological systems. Similar to approaches used in terrestrial ecology, aquatic research tends to elaborate functional groups in order to link ecosystem performance to biodiversity (Körner 1993 ...
Fish abundance with no fishing: predictions based on
... 4. We apply the method in the intensively fished North Sea and compare the predicted structure of the unexploited fish community with contemporary community data. 5. We suggest that the current biomass of large fishes weighing 4–16 kg and 16–66 kg, respectively, is 97·4% and 99·2% lower than in the ...
... 4. We apply the method in the intensively fished North Sea and compare the predicted structure of the unexploited fish community with contemporary community data. 5. We suggest that the current biomass of large fishes weighing 4–16 kg and 16–66 kg, respectively, is 97·4% and 99·2% lower than in the ...
Ecology3e Ch15 Lecture KEY
... Because environmental conditions tend to be more extreme at high-elevation sites, these results suggest that positive interactions may be more common in stressful environments. Similar results have been found in intertidal communities. ...
... Because environmental conditions tend to be more extreme at high-elevation sites, these results suggest that positive interactions may be more common in stressful environments. Similar results have been found in intertidal communities. ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.