Eric Davis Project Advisor: Breck Bowden
... The ephemeral nature of vernal pools precludes fish that would otherwise prey on amphibian larvae, making the habitats critical breeding areas for some amphibian species (Brooks 2002). Amphibian declines have been widely reported since the late 1980’s and habitat degradation is thought to be a prima ...
... The ephemeral nature of vernal pools precludes fish that would otherwise prey on amphibian larvae, making the habitats critical breeding areas for some amphibian species (Brooks 2002). Amphibian declines have been widely reported since the late 1980’s and habitat degradation is thought to be a prima ...
Trophic ecology of two sympatric lizard species: the
... Orthoptera. During the study period, the interspecific diet overlap was very high (CH = 0.86). But the diet of P. vaucheri (BA = 0.50) was slightly more diversified than that of Ps. algirus (BA = 0.41). The diets of both species were, however, not strongly different. A significant influence of seaso ...
... Orthoptera. During the study period, the interspecific diet overlap was very high (CH = 0.86). But the diet of P. vaucheri (BA = 0.50) was slightly more diversified than that of Ps. algirus (BA = 0.41). The diets of both species were, however, not strongly different. A significant influence of seaso ...
Seasonal species interactions minimize the impact of species
... We characterized the community formed by predators (carnivores and raptors) and their prey in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (northeast Poland) during the summer and winter seasons. Species presence and their interactions for the two seasons were compiled from 15 published studies covering two or m ...
... We characterized the community formed by predators (carnivores and raptors) and their prey in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (northeast Poland) during the summer and winter seasons. Species presence and their interactions for the two seasons were compiled from 15 published studies covering two or m ...
Dispersal and persistence
... Barriers – abiotic or biotic feature that restricts movement of genes or individuals from one place to another • Species-specific • Generally, organisms that inhabit fluctuating environments are more tolerant of extreme/unusual conditions than species in stable habitats ...
... Barriers – abiotic or biotic feature that restricts movement of genes or individuals from one place to another • Species-specific • Generally, organisms that inhabit fluctuating environments are more tolerant of extreme/unusual conditions than species in stable habitats ...
Workshop II: Fox Ecology, Stockholm, August 17 2015
... More than a quarter of the world’s carnivores are threatened, often due to multiple and complex causes. Considerable research efforts are devoted to resolving the mechanisms behind these threats in order to provide a basis for relevant conservation actions. However, even when the underlying mechanis ...
... More than a quarter of the world’s carnivores are threatened, often due to multiple and complex causes. Considerable research efforts are devoted to resolving the mechanisms behind these threats in order to provide a basis for relevant conservation actions. However, even when the underlying mechanis ...
concepts-of-biology
... existence,” which states that individuals will compete (with members of their own or other species) for limited resources. The successful ones are more likely to survive and pass on the traits that made them successful to the next generation at a greater rate (natural selection). To model the realit ...
... existence,” which states that individuals will compete (with members of their own or other species) for limited resources. The successful ones are more likely to survive and pass on the traits that made them successful to the next generation at a greater rate (natural selection). To model the realit ...
Species, trophic, and functional diversity in marine
... same trophic group were pooled together. Herbivore data were previously standardized because herbivore fish and sea urchins were quantified in different units. Resulting trophic groups were again standardized for the same reason. We also grouped species into categories that represent ecologically dist ...
... same trophic group were pooled together. Herbivore data were previously standardized because herbivore fish and sea urchins were quantified in different units. Resulting trophic groups were again standardized for the same reason. We also grouped species into categories that represent ecologically dist ...
Chapter 15: Evolution
... Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species demonstrated how natural selection might operate. The book also provided evidence that evolution has occurred on our planet. These are two different, though related, things. Darwin’s theory of natural selection is part of the larger theory of evolution. In scie ...
... Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species demonstrated how natural selection might operate. The book also provided evidence that evolution has occurred on our planet. These are two different, though related, things. Darwin’s theory of natural selection is part of the larger theory of evolution. In scie ...
Ecological morphospace of New World ants
... birds, head width in ants) have been used to infer processes limiting membership in species communities (Davidson, 1977; Grant, 1986). Additionally, each measure contains information not only in the form of the measure itself, but also about morphological and ecological covariates and phylogenetic e ...
... birds, head width in ants) have been used to infer processes limiting membership in species communities (Davidson, 1977; Grant, 1986). Additionally, each measure contains information not only in the form of the measure itself, but also about morphological and ecological covariates and phylogenetic e ...
Chapter 15
... Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species demonstrated how natural selection might operate. The book also provided evidence that evolution has occurred on our planet. These are two different, though related, things. Darwin’s theory of natural selection is part of the larger theory of evolution. In scie ...
... Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species demonstrated how natural selection might operate. The book also provided evidence that evolution has occurred on our planet. These are two different, though related, things. Darwin’s theory of natural selection is part of the larger theory of evolution. In scie ...
Integrating ecosystem engineering and food webs
... resource at one value and a condition at another (e.g. water as a resource vs flooding stress). Many engineers affect communities via more than one pathway. For example, trees provide habitat structure, a non-trophic resource; change abiotic conditions such as temperature and humidity; and reduce li ...
... resource at one value and a condition at another (e.g. water as a resource vs flooding stress). Many engineers affect communities via more than one pathway. For example, trees provide habitat structure, a non-trophic resource; change abiotic conditions such as temperature and humidity; and reduce li ...
Chap11 - Northside Middle School
... surface of the substrate (ex: mud snails on soft bottoms, barnacles on hard substrates) • Infauna – organisms that live in the substrate (ex: clams burrowing in soft bottoms) • Meiofauna – organisms that are so small that they live between the grains of soft ...
... surface of the substrate (ex: mud snails on soft bottoms, barnacles on hard substrates) • Infauna – organisms that live in the substrate (ex: clams burrowing in soft bottoms) • Meiofauna – organisms that are so small that they live between the grains of soft ...
Ecology, Evolution, and Aesthetics
... the natural world that holds it to be much more integrated than it is. Second, it ignores an even more fundamental science of nature, evolution. Thus, it misunderstands both ecology and nature. An alternative to this view would be an aesthetics based on an evolutionary understanding of nature, which ...
... the natural world that holds it to be much more integrated than it is. Second, it ignores an even more fundamental science of nature, evolution. Thus, it misunderstands both ecology and nature. An alternative to this view would be an aesthetics based on an evolutionary understanding of nature, which ...
Ecological niche of plant pathogens
... In plant-pathogen interaction, there are genomic responses of the plant to infection (Straalen & Roelof 2006), which can be quantified. Any point inside this space is a function of all environmental variables and responses. If there are overlaps in environmental vectors (or trophic vectors) of two ...
... In plant-pathogen interaction, there are genomic responses of the plant to infection (Straalen & Roelof 2006), which can be quantified. Any point inside this space is a function of all environmental variables and responses. If there are overlaps in environmental vectors (or trophic vectors) of two ...
Integrating ecosystem engineering and food webs
... resource at one value and a condition at another (e.g. water as a resource vs flooding stress). Many engineers affect communities via more than one pathway. For example, trees provide habitat structure, a non-trophic resource; change abiotic conditions such as temperature and humidity; and reduce li ...
... resource at one value and a condition at another (e.g. water as a resource vs flooding stress). Many engineers affect communities via more than one pathway. For example, trees provide habitat structure, a non-trophic resource; change abiotic conditions such as temperature and humidity; and reduce li ...
only means for most plants to colonize new habitats or escape
... The consequences of plant – frugivore interactions have multiple evolutionary implications that we are just beginning to understand. Two sessions addressed these evolutionary implications, both from theoretical and empirical perspectives. These talks illustrated the value of combining modelling with ...
... The consequences of plant – frugivore interactions have multiple evolutionary implications that we are just beginning to understand. Two sessions addressed these evolutionary implications, both from theoretical and empirical perspectives. These talks illustrated the value of combining modelling with ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Drivers of Geographic Variation in
... In 1966, Eric Pianka wrote the first review paper on large-scale diversity gradients and reviewed six major hypotheses to explain the latitudinal diversity gradient. Since then, several reviews have added new hypotheses to this list (Rohde 1992, Willig et al. 2003, Mittelbach et al. 2007). Complicat ...
... In 1966, Eric Pianka wrote the first review paper on large-scale diversity gradients and reviewed six major hypotheses to explain the latitudinal diversity gradient. Since then, several reviews have added new hypotheses to this list (Rohde 1992, Willig et al. 2003, Mittelbach et al. 2007). Complicat ...
Evolution study guide
... 8. Explain what Darwin meant by “descent with modification.” 9. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time. 10. Explain how Linnaeus’ classification scheme fit Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 11. Describe the three inferences Darwin made from his observa ...
... 8. Explain what Darwin meant by “descent with modification.” 9. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time. 10. Explain how Linnaeus’ classification scheme fit Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 11. Describe the three inferences Darwin made from his observa ...
pdf
... Allee effects and their interactions 2006; Cao & Dornhaus 2013). The relationship with queen number can sometimes be strongly convex (Bartz & Holldobler 1982; Tschinkel & Howard 1983), and per capita egg production per queen is also often negatively related to the number of queens in the colony (Mi ...
... Allee effects and their interactions 2006; Cao & Dornhaus 2013). The relationship with queen number can sometimes be strongly convex (Bartz & Holldobler 1982; Tschinkel & Howard 1983), and per capita egg production per queen is also often negatively related to the number of queens in the colony (Mi ...
Towards a trait-based quantification of species
... quantify the relationships between species individual-level performance and plant functional traits can be statistic (e.g. Vile et al. 2006) as well as mechanistic (e.g. Kooijman 2000; van der Meer 2006; Wildova et al. 2007). So far, most trait–performance relationships were established for vegetati ...
... quantify the relationships between species individual-level performance and plant functional traits can be statistic (e.g. Vile et al. 2006) as well as mechanistic (e.g. Kooijman 2000; van der Meer 2006; Wildova et al. 2007). So far, most trait–performance relationships were established for vegetati ...
IMPACT: Toward a framework for understanding the
... time. Some elegant studies combine invaded vs. uninvaded patterns with detailed experiments to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Unfortunately, these are a small minority (Fig. 2). Here we review some of the best examples of studies, both experimental and observational, that have quantified impacts ...
... time. Some elegant studies combine invaded vs. uninvaded patterns with detailed experiments to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Unfortunately, these are a small minority (Fig. 2). Here we review some of the best examples of studies, both experimental and observational, that have quantified impacts ...
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in
... We present results for total plant and herbivore biomasses as ecosystem properties for comparison with experimental studies. Stability is assessed here as the ability to reduce temporal variability of these properties in a fluctuating environment. Environmental fluctuations were included in the form o ...
... We present results for total plant and herbivore biomasses as ecosystem properties for comparison with experimental studies. Stability is assessed here as the ability to reduce temporal variability of these properties in a fluctuating environment. Environmental fluctuations were included in the form o ...
measuring seed dispersal - (CRSSA), Rutgers University
... Forested ecosystems have been commonly used to study LDD. Generally, it is predicted that a change in the disturbance regime that increases the number of patches (and light and nutrient availability) can increase not only the density of seedlings, but also the local range of a population. Seeds prod ...
... Forested ecosystems have been commonly used to study LDD. Generally, it is predicted that a change in the disturbance regime that increases the number of patches (and light and nutrient availability) can increase not only the density of seedlings, but also the local range of a population. Seeds prod ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.