The niche construction paradigm in ecological time
... important in a more general formulation of the niche construction idea is its application at an interspecific level. Indeed, conceptual frameworks such as the response/effect competition framework of Goldberg (1990) are by nature interspecific and conceptually fall within the same sort of framework. T ...
... important in a more general formulation of the niche construction idea is its application at an interspecific level. Indeed, conceptual frameworks such as the response/effect competition framework of Goldberg (1990) are by nature interspecific and conceptually fall within the same sort of framework. T ...
Perennial habitat fragments, parasitoid diversity and
... et al. (2004) for native bees. It is clear that tachinids possess relatively strong dispersal potential, over several kilometres (e.g. Munro 1998). However, typical trivial movement distances are unknown and are likely to be variable among species in such a large and diverse group. The few studies f ...
... et al. (2004) for native bees. It is clear that tachinids possess relatively strong dispersal potential, over several kilometres (e.g. Munro 1998). However, typical trivial movement distances are unknown and are likely to be variable among species in such a large and diverse group. The few studies f ...
page proofs oofs
... to both questions turned out to be ‘Yes’ — and to our surprise, the cell densities were actually quite high. We observed two size classes of cells under the microscope at the field camp. One class contained typically sized bacteria — around 0.5 microns. Bacteria in the other class were more abundant ...
... to both questions turned out to be ‘Yes’ — and to our surprise, the cell densities were actually quite high. We observed two size classes of cells under the microscope at the field camp. One class contained typically sized bacteria — around 0.5 microns. Bacteria in the other class were more abundant ...
The interplay between environmental conditions and Allee effects
... to represent low and high population growth rates since this parameter could vary widely depending on environmental conditions. The length of breeding season corresponds to the length of the experiment. Given these parameter estimates, the critical density of E. lacustris is expected to fall between ...
... to represent low and high population growth rates since this parameter could vary widely depending on environmental conditions. The length of breeding season corresponds to the length of the experiment. Given these parameter estimates, the critical density of E. lacustris is expected to fall between ...
`wasp-waist` food webs
... example, the large fluctuations in krill stocks, coupled to their rapidly warming habitat and potential for fisheries expansion, have driven efforts to project future trajectories [6,13,20]. An important caveat has been identified independently within the locust and fisheries management literature; ...
... example, the large fluctuations in krill stocks, coupled to their rapidly warming habitat and potential for fisheries expansion, have driven efforts to project future trajectories [6,13,20]. An important caveat has been identified independently within the locust and fisheries management literature; ...
effects of grazer richness and composition on algal biomass in a
... the importance of species and functional group diversity on various ecosystem processes (Loreau et al. 2002, Hooper et al. 2005). To date, the main focus of experimental studies has been on closed systems that are not open to input of propagules or adults from a surrounding regional environment (Nae ...
... the importance of species and functional group diversity on various ecosystem processes (Loreau et al. 2002, Hooper et al. 2005). To date, the main focus of experimental studies has been on closed systems that are not open to input of propagules or adults from a surrounding regional environment (Nae ...
Manuscript for Marine Ecology Progress Series
... influx of warm water from the equator (Fleischbein et al. 1987), which creates stagnant water conditions with decreased upwelling that can produce local extinctions and regime shifts (Glynn 1998, Harley et al. 2006). Conversely, La Niña years produce intense, persistent upwelling, although the basel ...
... influx of warm water from the equator (Fleischbein et al. 1987), which creates stagnant water conditions with decreased upwelling that can produce local extinctions and regime shifts (Glynn 1998, Harley et al. 2006). Conversely, La Niña years produce intense, persistent upwelling, although the basel ...
Seasonal and Latitudinal Patterns in Rocky Intertidal Communities
... influx of warm water from the equator (Fleischbein et al. 1987), which creates stagnant water conditions with decreased upwelling that can produce local extinctions and regime shifts (Glynn 1998, Harley et al. 2006). Conversely, La Niña years produce intense, persistent upwelling, although the basel ...
... influx of warm water from the equator (Fleischbein et al. 1987), which creates stagnant water conditions with decreased upwelling that can produce local extinctions and regime shifts (Glynn 1998, Harley et al. 2006). Conversely, La Niña years produce intense, persistent upwelling, although the basel ...
Chapter 10 Gene flow and the evolutionary ecology of
... independent means of obtaining evidence for gene flow amongst populations within each continent (Freeland et al. 2000c). These analyses classified 32.5% of European colonies (representing 51.3% of multilocus genotypes, MLGs) to populations other than the one from which they were collected, compared ...
... independent means of obtaining evidence for gene flow amongst populations within each continent (Freeland et al. 2000c). These analyses classified 32.5% of European colonies (representing 51.3% of multilocus genotypes, MLGs) to populations other than the one from which they were collected, compared ...
Historical contingency in species interactions: towards nichebased
... and species whose growth rate is more sensitive to changes in the environment experience stronger priority effects. Using nectar-inhabiting microorganisms as a model system, we present evidence that these hypotheses complement the conventional hypothesis that focuses on the role of environmental har ...
... and species whose growth rate is more sensitive to changes in the environment experience stronger priority effects. Using nectar-inhabiting microorganisms as a model system, we present evidence that these hypotheses complement the conventional hypothesis that focuses on the role of environmental har ...
ECOlogical use of native PLANTs for environmental
... eradication cost of invasive species as for e.g. eradicate Carpobrotus edulis and C. acinaciformis in Spain) Human health (some exotic plants have a direct impact on humans, such as those species that have become new sources of allergies for local residents) Ecological Restoration in the Mediterrane ...
... eradication cost of invasive species as for e.g. eradicate Carpobrotus edulis and C. acinaciformis in Spain) Human health (some exotic plants have a direct impact on humans, such as those species that have become new sources of allergies for local residents) Ecological Restoration in the Mediterrane ...
The Ecology of Invasions and The Invasions of Ecology
... discipline and shaping its theoretical evolution.xxiv It is important to note, however, that Lenoir’s account does not espouse strictly anti-naturalist ideals: instead of claiming that empirical sciences fail to reflect real phenomena by constructing self-affirming vocabularies in their place, he st ...
... discipline and shaping its theoretical evolution.xxiv It is important to note, however, that Lenoir’s account does not espouse strictly anti-naturalist ideals: instead of claiming that empirical sciences fail to reflect real phenomena by constructing self-affirming vocabularies in their place, he st ...
Biology special study material
... Ans. (a) Regulatory gene, codes for repressor of lac operon 1 Operator ; provides site for binding of repressor protein to prevent transcription 1 Promoter ; provides site for binding of RNA polymerase 1 Structural Genes; codes for enzymes / gene products required for metabolism of lactose 1 (b) If ...
... Ans. (a) Regulatory gene, codes for repressor of lac operon 1 Operator ; provides site for binding of repressor protein to prevent transcription 1 Promoter ; provides site for binding of RNA polymerase 1 Structural Genes; codes for enzymes / gene products required for metabolism of lactose 1 (b) If ...
Ecologyproject2009FORD
... font. Using greater pt. nonstandard fonts will result in an un gradable report. If you do not have the resources to type or generate via word processing equipment, you will need to investigate the resources available to you at school or your local library. Each chapter will contain at least one hand ...
... font. Using greater pt. nonstandard fonts will result in an un gradable report. If you do not have the resources to type or generate via word processing equipment, you will need to investigate the resources available to you at school or your local library. Each chapter will contain at least one hand ...
uncorrected page proofs
... Each ecosystem includes a living part and a non-living part. The living part is a community that consists of the populations of various species that live in a given region. The non-living part consists of the physical surroundings. However, an ecosystem consists of more than living organisms and the ...
... Each ecosystem includes a living part and a non-living part. The living part is a community that consists of the populations of various species that live in a given region. The non-living part consists of the physical surroundings. However, an ecosystem consists of more than living organisms and the ...
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
... 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships • Experiments are performed in the lab or in the field. – Lab experiments give researchers more control. – Lab experiments are not reflective of the complex interactions in nature. – Field experiments give a more accurate picture of natural interactions. – Field ...
... 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships • Experiments are performed in the lab or in the field. – Lab experiments give researchers more control. – Lab experiments are not reflective of the complex interactions in nature. – Field experiments give a more accurate picture of natural interactions. – Field ...
Hillebrand et al. 2008 Ecology - NCEAS
... to learn more about the climate-related shifts in evenness over long time scales (Powell and Kowalewski 2002). In addition to climatic forcing, dominance is strongly determined by alterations of biogeochemical cycles and by introductions or deletions of consumer species. It has been suggested that w ...
... to learn more about the climate-related shifts in evenness over long time scales (Powell and Kowalewski 2002). In addition to climatic forcing, dominance is strongly determined by alterations of biogeochemical cycles and by introductions or deletions of consumer species. It has been suggested that w ...
Towards an Evolutionary Model of Animal-Associated
... We define the primary evolutionary pressures as those that occur intraspecifically, driving evolutionary trajectories of each microbial species. A microbial species is not clonal, but rather a species is represented by a broad spectrum of genetic variants that radiate from a central clonalgenotype. ...
... We define the primary evolutionary pressures as those that occur intraspecifically, driving evolutionary trajectories of each microbial species. A microbial species is not clonal, but rather a species is represented by a broad spectrum of genetic variants that radiate from a central clonalgenotype. ...
The effect of human disturbance on fungal diversity in the tropics
... been destroyed by fire following a long period of drought and the effects on the fungal communities is no doubt catastrophic. The soil mycota in one area under permanent cultivation has been shown to be more prone to dominance by a small number of taxa, than nearby soil under relic areas of primary ...
... been destroyed by fire following a long period of drought and the effects on the fungal communities is no doubt catastrophic. The soil mycota in one area under permanent cultivation has been shown to be more prone to dominance by a small number of taxa, than nearby soil under relic areas of primary ...
Biological invasions: a field synopsis, systematic review, and
... With the exception of some very recent formal systematic reviews (e.g., Ferrer et al. 2011; Parr and Gibb 2012), meta-analyses in ecology (other than conservation and applied ecology) have ranged from those that come close to systematic review methodology (albeit without formally including all of it ...
... With the exception of some very recent formal systematic reviews (e.g., Ferrer et al. 2011; Parr and Gibb 2012), meta-analyses in ecology (other than conservation and applied ecology) have ranged from those that come close to systematic review methodology (albeit without formally including all of it ...
estuary-net
... focus on three levels of organization in the natural world: population, community, and ecosystem. A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a given place. A community is comprised of populations of different species that live together. Ecologists studying populations or co ...
... focus on three levels of organization in the natural world: population, community, and ecosystem. A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a given place. A community is comprised of populations of different species that live together. Ecologists studying populations or co ...
19-Population ecology
... existence,” which states that individuals will compete (with members of their own or other species) for limited resources. The successful ones are more likely to survive and pass on the traits that made them successful to the next generation at a greater rate (natural selection). To model the realit ...
... existence,” which states that individuals will compete (with members of their own or other species) for limited resources. The successful ones are more likely to survive and pass on the traits that made them successful to the next generation at a greater rate (natural selection). To model the realit ...
Trophic ecology of two sympatric lizard species: the
... Orthoptera. During the study period, the interspecific diet overlap was very high (CH = 0.86). But the diet of P. vaucheri (BA = 0.50) was slightly more diversified than that of Ps. algirus (BA = 0.41). The diets of both species were, however, not strongly different. A significant influence of seaso ...
... Orthoptera. During the study period, the interspecific diet overlap was very high (CH = 0.86). But the diet of P. vaucheri (BA = 0.50) was slightly more diversified than that of Ps. algirus (BA = 0.41). The diets of both species were, however, not strongly different. A significant influence of seaso ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.