Back to the future: using palaeolimnology to infer long
... The primary focus of many experimental studies and the palaeo-ecological investigations that have considered species interactions (e.g. Leavitt, Carpenter & Kitchell, 1989; Leavitt et al., 1994; Kerfoot, 1981) has been upon trophic cascades, rather than the full community food web: i.e. a food chain ...
... The primary focus of many experimental studies and the palaeo-ecological investigations that have considered species interactions (e.g. Leavitt, Carpenter & Kitchell, 1989; Leavitt et al., 1994; Kerfoot, 1981) has been upon trophic cascades, rather than the full community food web: i.e. a food chain ...
Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what`s known and
... These syntheses focused solely on studies that examined how richness influenced resource capture and/or the production of biomass. They did not include many of the processes that are of interest in marine studies (e.g. bioturbation), therefore we supplemented the existing database in several ways. F ...
... These syntheses focused solely on studies that examined how richness influenced resource capture and/or the production of biomass. They did not include many of the processes that are of interest in marine studies (e.g. bioturbation), therefore we supplemented the existing database in several ways. F ...
Ways organisms interact - Franklin County Public Schools
... Images from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... Images from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall ...
UNIT II – PLANT DIVERSITY
... There is differential reproduction. Since the environment can't support unlimited population growth, not all individuals get to reproduce to their full potential. In this example, green beetles tend to get eaten by birds and survive to reproduce less often than brown beetles do. ...
... There is differential reproduction. Since the environment can't support unlimited population growth, not all individuals get to reproduce to their full potential. In this example, green beetles tend to get eaten by birds and survive to reproduce less often than brown beetles do. ...
Microbial interactions: from networks to models
... will prevent other bird species that are adapted to the same niche from settling on the same island, allowing competitive exclusion to be deduced from ‘checkerboard’-like presence–absence patterns. This study sparked a decades-long discussion about the importance of such assembly rules in the format ...
... will prevent other bird species that are adapted to the same niche from settling on the same island, allowing competitive exclusion to be deduced from ‘checkerboard’-like presence–absence patterns. This study sparked a decades-long discussion about the importance of such assembly rules in the format ...
Nesting songbirds assess spatial heterogeneity of predatory
... 2 Q. C. Emmering & K. A. Schmidt (Fletcher 2007) and post-breeding cues from prior years, such as personal reproductive success (Haas 1998) or the presence of fledglings (Betts et al. 2008). Conspecific presence may be useful for finding appropriate habitat patches, but less so for estimating small-sc ...
... 2 Q. C. Emmering & K. A. Schmidt (Fletcher 2007) and post-breeding cues from prior years, such as personal reproductive success (Haas 1998) or the presence of fledglings (Betts et al. 2008). Conspecific presence may be useful for finding appropriate habitat patches, but less so for estimating small-sc ...
Tree genotype mediates covariance among communities from
... 1. Community genetics studies frequently focus on individual communities associated with individual plant genotypes, but little is known about the genetically based relationships among taxonomically and spatially disparate communities. We integrate studies of a wide range of communities living on th ...
... 1. Community genetics studies frequently focus on individual communities associated with individual plant genotypes, but little is known about the genetically based relationships among taxonomically and spatially disparate communities. We integrate studies of a wide range of communities living on th ...
Chapter 7 The Evolution of Living Things-1n7p04n
... Your son's or daughter's science class will soon begin exploring the chapter entitled “The World of Physical Science.” In this chapter, students will learn about how the scientific method applies to the world of physical science and the role of physical science in the world. By the end of the chapte ...
... Your son's or daughter's science class will soon begin exploring the chapter entitled “The World of Physical Science.” In this chapter, students will learn about how the scientific method applies to the world of physical science and the role of physical science in the world. By the end of the chapte ...
Apparent competition and insect community structure: towards a
... competition can structure communities of herbivorous insects. This is not a side show: herbivorous insects and the natural-enemy food chains based on them may include more than 50% of all described species, a large proportion of the world’s biodiversity. Early attempts to address this question were ...
... competition can structure communities of herbivorous insects. This is not a side show: herbivorous insects and the natural-enemy food chains based on them may include more than 50% of all described species, a large proportion of the world’s biodiversity. Early attempts to address this question were ...
Cadotte2007 Ecology
... quency (Mackey and Currie 2001). These discouraging results have led researchers to look for concurrent ecological processes that may be obfuscating the IDH, such as variation in habitat productivity (Kondoh 2001, Scholes et al. 2005, Cardinale et al. 2006), including a broader array of potential co ...
... quency (Mackey and Currie 2001). These discouraging results have led researchers to look for concurrent ecological processes that may be obfuscating the IDH, such as variation in habitat productivity (Kondoh 2001, Scholes et al. 2005, Cardinale et al. 2006), including a broader array of potential co ...
Comparing aquatic and terrestrial grazing ecosystems: is the grass
... 1998). The high biomass of herbivores in these ecosystems, typically the highest among terrestrial systems, results in herbivory being an important regulator of ecosystem processes with 50% of primary production removed as compared to ~ 9% removal, on average, for other terrestrial ecosystems (Fra ...
... 1998). The high biomass of herbivores in these ecosystems, typically the highest among terrestrial systems, results in herbivory being an important regulator of ecosystem processes with 50% of primary production removed as compared to ~ 9% removal, on average, for other terrestrial ecosystems (Fra ...
Review The evolutionary consequences of ecological interactions
... organisms with unique evolutionary challenges. For example, clouded sulphur butterfly larvae (Colias philodice) can feed on a range of legumes at early stages of development; however, they become obligate specialists on the plant species they consume during the penultimate instar (Karowe, 1989). Thu ...
... organisms with unique evolutionary challenges. For example, clouded sulphur butterfly larvae (Colias philodice) can feed on a range of legumes at early stages of development; however, they become obligate specialists on the plant species they consume during the penultimate instar (Karowe, 1989). Thu ...
Chances and challenges in the conservation of
... and Deharveng, 2002) but dissolved organic matter and biofilms typically support a complex foodweb dominated by detritivores that play key roles in biological filtration. The fundamental ecosystem service of filtration (including physical and chemical processes) results in one of the most important goo ...
... and Deharveng, 2002) but dissolved organic matter and biofilms typically support a complex foodweb dominated by detritivores that play key roles in biological filtration. The fundamental ecosystem service of filtration (including physical and chemical processes) results in one of the most important goo ...
Review The evolutionary consequences of ecological interactions
... organisms with unique evolutionary challenges. For example, clouded sulphur butterfly larvae (Colias philodice) can feed on a range of legumes at early stages of development; however, they become obligate specialists on the plant species they consume during the penultimate instar (Karowe, 1989). Thu ...
... organisms with unique evolutionary challenges. For example, clouded sulphur butterfly larvae (Colias philodice) can feed on a range of legumes at early stages of development; however, they become obligate specialists on the plant species they consume during the penultimate instar (Karowe, 1989). Thu ...
Study Guide for Final
... 10. Understand geometric growth curves. Understand and be able to explain exponential and logistic growth curves and the factors that affect each. Understand and be able to explain the concepts of carrying capacity, density-dependent limiting factors and density independent limiting factors. Underst ...
... 10. Understand geometric growth curves. Understand and be able to explain exponential and logistic growth curves and the factors that affect each. Understand and be able to explain the concepts of carrying capacity, density-dependent limiting factors and density independent limiting factors. Underst ...
Predicting population survival under future climate change: density
... 1. Our understanding of the interplay between density dependence, climatic perturbations, and conservation practices on the dynamics of small populations is still limited. This can result in uninformed strategies that put endangered populations at risk. Moreover, the data available for a large numbe ...
... 1. Our understanding of the interplay between density dependence, climatic perturbations, and conservation practices on the dynamics of small populations is still limited. This can result in uninformed strategies that put endangered populations at risk. Moreover, the data available for a large numbe ...
file - ORCA
... scenarios are taken into account (see Harris et al. 2006). This has meant that, in some instances, the temporal orientation of ecological restoration theory has begun to change. Here, we are seeing a shift from restoration that is rigidly historically-aligned, to restoration that is at least partly ...
... scenarios are taken into account (see Harris et al. 2006). This has meant that, in some instances, the temporal orientation of ecological restoration theory has begun to change. Here, we are seeing a shift from restoration that is rigidly historically-aligned, to restoration that is at least partly ...
Frequently Asked Questions About Ecological - CLU-IN
... that is already located within a larger beneficial habitat or ecosystem. Sites that are somewhat isolated, but are along a corridor or riparian or transition zone and linked to more extensive habitat, are also suitable for revitalization. Sites that are completely isolated within industrial or resid ...
... that is already located within a larger beneficial habitat or ecosystem. Sites that are somewhat isolated, but are along a corridor or riparian or transition zone and linked to more extensive habitat, are also suitable for revitalization. Sites that are completely isolated within industrial or resid ...
Darcy Taniguchi, Ph.D. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
... Taniguchi, D.A.A., M.R. Landry, P.J.S. Franks, K.E. Selph. Size-specific growth and grazing rates for picophytoplankton in coastal and oceanic regions of the eastern Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 509:87-101. Pasulka, A.L., M.R. Landry, D.A.A. Taniguchi, A.G. Taylor, and M.J. Church. Tempo ...
... Taniguchi, D.A.A., M.R. Landry, P.J.S. Franks, K.E. Selph. Size-specific growth and grazing rates for picophytoplankton in coastal and oceanic regions of the eastern Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 509:87-101. Pasulka, A.L., M.R. Landry, D.A.A. Taniguchi, A.G. Taylor, and M.J. Church. Tempo ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Microbial ecology research in New Zealand
... significantly to the major biogeochemical processes. In the last decade, technological advances in DNA sequencing have afforded ecologists the ability to study microbial communities at hitherto unseen resolution, with the capacity to address increasingly complex ecological questions. Here we review ...
... significantly to the major biogeochemical processes. In the last decade, technological advances in DNA sequencing have afforded ecologists the ability to study microbial communities at hitherto unseen resolution, with the capacity to address increasingly complex ecological questions. Here we review ...
JLW_LondonGroup_2007_Joburg_Measurement
... • Ecosystem services to be measured from end use? Eliminate intermediate consumption, keep final use by households and government • Particular difficulty with joint consumption: “services are not … necessarily the final product consumed. For example, recreation often is called an ecosystem service. ...
... • Ecosystem services to be measured from end use? Eliminate intermediate consumption, keep final use by households and government • Particular difficulty with joint consumption: “services are not … necessarily the final product consumed. For example, recreation often is called an ecosystem service. ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
... the number of protected sites to more effective management of the sites. Management of protected areas includes many aspects, such as restoration and maintenance of beneficial activities for biodiversity, monitoring of biodiversity, management effectiveness, and enforcement / information, e.g. throu ...
... the number of protected sites to more effective management of the sites. Management of protected areas includes many aspects, such as restoration and maintenance of beneficial activities for biodiversity, monitoring of biodiversity, management effectiveness, and enforcement / information, e.g. throu ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.