Downloaded - University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences
... significant impacts on geomorphological processes and landforms, while landforms and surface processes are in turn critical aspects of habitat for organisms. It has long been recognized that landforms and organisms influence each other. However, the rise of biogeomorphology in recent years reflects ...
... significant impacts on geomorphological processes and landforms, while landforms and surface processes are in turn critical aspects of habitat for organisms. It has long been recognized that landforms and organisms influence each other. However, the rise of biogeomorphology in recent years reflects ...
All the information below can be found in your notes
... 7. Resistant organisms D. How does convergent and divergent evolution differ? E. How is gene flow reduced/stopped by the various types of isolation? F. Be able to explain the nebula hypothesis. G. Be able to explain the conditions on early Earth. H. What was the importance of Miller & Urey’s famous ...
... 7. Resistant organisms D. How does convergent and divergent evolution differ? E. How is gene flow reduced/stopped by the various types of isolation? F. Be able to explain the nebula hypothesis. G. Be able to explain the conditions on early Earth. H. What was the importance of Miller & Urey’s famous ...
Niche construction, human behavior, and the adaptive
... Standard evolutionary theory models the evolutionary consequences of niche construction solely in terms of fitness payoffs to the genes expressed in construction. For instance, the only widely considered feedback from a beaver’s dam that is evolutionarily significant is that which affects the fitness o ...
... Standard evolutionary theory models the evolutionary consequences of niche construction solely in terms of fitness payoffs to the genes expressed in construction. For instance, the only widely considered feedback from a beaver’s dam that is evolutionarily significant is that which affects the fitness o ...
Predator-Prey Dynamics and the Red Queen Hypothesis: Putting
... Some significant differences between model results and real-world surveys have persisted for years, and it has been difficult identifying fundamental principles relative to the many complicating factors that can be found in existent ecosystems. For example, in the early 1980s Oksanen et al. examined ...
... Some significant differences between model results and real-world surveys have persisted for years, and it has been difficult identifying fundamental principles relative to the many complicating factors that can be found in existent ecosystems. For example, in the early 1980s Oksanen et al. examined ...
Animal Adaptation (Ecology)
... 21. What is S-shaped growth? Logistic growth ●Population that is at or near the limit to which the environment can hold. ●Limited resources create carrying capacities. ...
... 21. What is S-shaped growth? Logistic growth ●Population that is at or near the limit to which the environment can hold. ●Limited resources create carrying capacities. ...
An ecological perspective on the deployment and design of low
... biologically mediated disturbance such as algae sweeping surrounding rock surface which may reduce ...
... biologically mediated disturbance such as algae sweeping surrounding rock surface which may reduce ...
The b-richness of two detritivore caddisflies affects fine organic
... variation in decomposition rates between streams (Tiegs et al. 2009), when there are differences between the abundance and identity of shredders between streams, decomposition rates may also differ significantly (Benfield and Webster 1985; Leroy and Marks 2006). The rate of decomposition in turn aff ...
... variation in decomposition rates between streams (Tiegs et al. 2009), when there are differences between the abundance and identity of shredders between streams, decomposition rates may also differ significantly (Benfield and Webster 1985; Leroy and Marks 2006). The rate of decomposition in turn aff ...
HS-LS1-1
... systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on functions at the organism system level such as nutrient uptake, water delivery, and organism movement in response to neural stimuli. An example of an interacting system could be an artery ...
... systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on functions at the organism system level such as nutrient uptake, water delivery, and organism movement in response to neural stimuli. An example of an interacting system could be an artery ...
DEFINITION: THE STUDY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN
... ENERGY FLOW CONSUMERS-ALL ELSE (HETEROTROPH) ...
... ENERGY FLOW CONSUMERS-ALL ELSE (HETEROTROPH) ...
Appendix 1
... 3) The losses of plant foliage, in terms of the percentage of leaf area or leaf biomass, consumed (or modified, as in the case of gallers) by herbivorous insects from three feeding guilds (defoliators, miners and gallers; separately or in combination), were measured from individual leaves of woody p ...
... 3) The losses of plant foliage, in terms of the percentage of leaf area or leaf biomass, consumed (or modified, as in the case of gallers) by herbivorous insects from three feeding guilds (defoliators, miners and gallers; separately or in combination), were measured from individual leaves of woody p ...
Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere Multiple
... C) Environmentalists are only involved in politics and advocating for protecting nature; ecologists are only involved in scientific investigations of the environment. D) Ecologists study organisms in environments that have been undisturbed by human activities; environmentalists study the effects of ...
... C) Environmentalists are only involved in politics and advocating for protecting nature; ecologists are only involved in scientific investigations of the environment. D) Ecologists study organisms in environments that have been undisturbed by human activities; environmentalists study the effects of ...
Are planthopper problems caused by a breakdown in ecosystem
... cycling, soil formation, and primary production. Cultural services provide humans with aesthetic and spiritual values, education, and recreation, and regulating services include water purification and climate and flood regulation. Regulating services relating directly to sustainable agriculture are ...
... cycling, soil formation, and primary production. Cultural services provide humans with aesthetic and spiritual values, education, and recreation, and regulating services include water purification and climate and flood regulation. Regulating services relating directly to sustainable agriculture are ...
Chapter 34` The Biosphere: An introduction
... Ecologists hypothesize that the selection pressure of the cheetah’s pursuit led to the pronghorn’s blazing speed, which far exceeds that of its main present-day predator, the wolf. ...
... Ecologists hypothesize that the selection pressure of the cheetah’s pursuit led to the pronghorn’s blazing speed, which far exceeds that of its main present-day predator, the wolf. ...
Introduction to Ecology
... The most important abiotic factors that determine the biosphere’s structure and dynamics include – the energy source, usually solar energy, – temperature, – abundance and type of water, – nutrients, – other aquatic factors such as availability of oxygen, and ...
... The most important abiotic factors that determine the biosphere’s structure and dynamics include – the energy source, usually solar energy, – temperature, – abundance and type of water, – nutrients, – other aquatic factors such as availability of oxygen, and ...
The ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation
... Patch dynamics in mosaic landscapes Perhaps the greatest value of the seminal work by Fahrig (2003) is that she has cemented fragmentation as the landscape-level phenomenon that it truly is, not as a patch-level phenomenon. Much of what the study of habitat fragmentation is concerned with today is t ...
... Patch dynamics in mosaic landscapes Perhaps the greatest value of the seminal work by Fahrig (2003) is that she has cemented fragmentation as the landscape-level phenomenon that it truly is, not as a patch-level phenomenon. Much of what the study of habitat fragmentation is concerned with today is t ...
File _34_lecture_presentation
... The most important abiotic factors that determine the biosphere’s structure and dynamics include – the energy source, usually solar energy, – temperature, – abundance and type of water, – nutrients, – other aquatic factors such as availability of oxygen, and ...
... The most important abiotic factors that determine the biosphere’s structure and dynamics include – the energy source, usually solar energy, – temperature, – abundance and type of water, – nutrients, – other aquatic factors such as availability of oxygen, and ...
Oulanka Research Station, FINLAND September 8th – 11th, 2014
... laboratory-based research for predicting the likely effects of biodiversity loss in nature remains unclear, given the high degree of spatio-temporal dynamism in both environmental conditions and community composition and diversity that characterises stream environments. Indeed, after a decade of lab ...
... laboratory-based research for predicting the likely effects of biodiversity loss in nature remains unclear, given the high degree of spatio-temporal dynamism in both environmental conditions and community composition and diversity that characterises stream environments. Indeed, after a decade of lab ...
Ecological opportunity and the adaptive
... David Lack, who are often credited with the concept’s inception. Simpson (1944) wrote “The availability of a new adaptive zone does not depend alone on its physical existence. . ., but also on its being open to other occupants (i.e., empty) or so sparsely or marginally occupied that it involves no g ...
... David Lack, who are often credited with the concept’s inception. Simpson (1944) wrote “The availability of a new adaptive zone does not depend alone on its physical existence. . ., but also on its being open to other occupants (i.e., empty) or so sparsely or marginally occupied that it involves no g ...
Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research in Chinese subtropical
... Worldwide, forests provide habitat for a large diversity of plants, animals and microbes. At the same time, forest ecosystems are essential providers of multiple ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has only been ...
... Worldwide, forests provide habitat for a large diversity of plants, animals and microbes. At the same time, forest ecosystems are essential providers of multiple ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has only been ...
Not worth the risk: apex predators suppress herbivory on coral reefs
... fishes that perform numerous functions and create a complex network of species interactions (Sheppard et al. 2009). Worldwide, overfishing and habitat degradation has greatly contributed to the decline of reef fish populations (Jackson et al. 2001), particularly apex predators such as reef sharks (fami ...
... fishes that perform numerous functions and create a complex network of species interactions (Sheppard et al. 2009). Worldwide, overfishing and habitat degradation has greatly contributed to the decline of reef fish populations (Jackson et al. 2001), particularly apex predators such as reef sharks (fami ...
What does biodiversity actually do? A review for managers and
... biodiversity. However, results of scientific studies testing for a positive value of biodiversity in terms of community stability and ecosystem function have been complex and inconsistent. We review recent information on the consequences of loss of biodiversity for natural systems. The relationships ...
... biodiversity. However, results of scientific studies testing for a positive value of biodiversity in terms of community stability and ecosystem function have been complex and inconsistent. We review recent information on the consequences of loss of biodiversity for natural systems. The relationships ...
Not worth the risk: apex predators suppress herbivory on coral reefs
... fishes that perform numerous functions and create a complex network of species interactions (Sheppard et al. 2009). Worldwide, overfishing and habitat degradation has greatly contributed to the decline of reef fish populations (Jackson et al. 2001), particularly apex predators such as reef sharks (fami ...
... fishes that perform numerous functions and create a complex network of species interactions (Sheppard et al. 2009). Worldwide, overfishing and habitat degradation has greatly contributed to the decline of reef fish populations (Jackson et al. 2001), particularly apex predators such as reef sharks (fami ...
Levin, S.A. (editor). Encyclopedia
... Population Dynamics in Landscapes The number of individuals in a population, N, is limited by available resources. The limiting resource(s) may include food or nest sites for animals, or moisture, sunlight, and/or soil nutrients for plants. Suitable habitats are the locations and conditions that pro ...
... Population Dynamics in Landscapes The number of individuals in a population, N, is limited by available resources. The limiting resource(s) may include food or nest sites for animals, or moisture, sunlight, and/or soil nutrients for plants. Suitable habitats are the locations and conditions that pro ...
The Evolutionary Ecology of Carnivorous Plants
... forecasting, through plant-plant and nonconsumer plant-animal interactions, to community-level studies of competitive dynamics, assembly rules, metapopulations, and metacommunities. Here, we synthesize these presentations through a combination of a literature review and presentation of newly publish ...
... forecasting, through plant-plant and nonconsumer plant-animal interactions, to community-level studies of competitive dynamics, assembly rules, metapopulations, and metacommunities. Here, we synthesize these presentations through a combination of a literature review and presentation of newly publish ...
Role of Biotic Interactions in a Small Mammal Assemblage in
... owls (Speotyto cunicularia, Tyto alba, Bubo virginianus, and Glaucidium nanum [sporadic]) and the culpeo fox (Pseuda1ope.x culpaeus); small mammals are major prey for most of them (Fulk 1976, Jaksic et al. 1981, 1992, 1993, Meserve et al. 1987). Predator concentrations within park boundaries are par ...
... owls (Speotyto cunicularia, Tyto alba, Bubo virginianus, and Glaucidium nanum [sporadic]) and the culpeo fox (Pseuda1ope.x culpaeus); small mammals are major prey for most of them (Fulk 1976, Jaksic et al. 1981, 1992, 1993, Meserve et al. 1987). Predator concentrations within park boundaries are par ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.