Hybridization due to changing species distributions: adding
... spatial factors, necessitating consideration of the phylogeographic relationships and ...
... spatial factors, necessitating consideration of the phylogeographic relationships and ...
Lack of homeward orientation and increased mobility result in high
... widespread male bias in pitfall records outside optimal habitat (Bonte & Maelfait 2001). Male-biased dispersal can be predicted when local mate competition exceeds resource competition, for instance in polygynous or promiscuous mating systems where female fitness is limited by intrinsic factors (Per ...
... widespread male bias in pitfall records outside optimal habitat (Bonte & Maelfait 2001). Male-biased dispersal can be predicted when local mate competition exceeds resource competition, for instance in polygynous or promiscuous mating systems where female fitness is limited by intrinsic factors (Per ...
Plant species traits are the predominant control on
... Worldwide decomposition rates depend both on climate and the legacy of plant functional traits as litter quality. To quantify the degree to which functional differentiation among species affects their litter decomposition rates, we brought together leaf trait and litter mass loss data for 818 specie ...
... Worldwide decomposition rates depend both on climate and the legacy of plant functional traits as litter quality. To quantify the degree to which functional differentiation among species affects their litter decomposition rates, we brought together leaf trait and litter mass loss data for 818 specie ...
Here - NorMER
... climate on two copepod species, Calanus glacialis and Pseudocalanus minutus, in an Arcticboreal sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 468:71–83. Relevance: Climate variables can have contrasting effects on different life stages of organisms and the effects can vary seasonally. Such complex responses are ecolog ...
... climate on two copepod species, Calanus glacialis and Pseudocalanus minutus, in an Arcticboreal sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 468:71–83. Relevance: Climate variables can have contrasting effects on different life stages of organisms and the effects can vary seasonally. Such complex responses are ecolog ...
LEVELS OF SELECTION ARE ARTEFACTS OF DIFFERENT
... to form collectives of type A and similarly members of type B form collectives of type B. Suppose that once these two types of collectives are put together in E, they beget new collectives of their type, but collectives A are more fecund than collectives B. It seems here that collectives A are fitte ...
... to form collectives of type A and similarly members of type B form collectives of type B. Suppose that once these two types of collectives are put together in E, they beget new collectives of their type, but collectives A are more fecund than collectives B. It seems here that collectives A are fitte ...
Cultural Keystone Species: Implications for Ecological
... connections. The ethnosphere is born out of the biosphere within which it is situated, but it has its own particular features, history, and development. In its turn, the ethnosphere modifies, manages, and therefore influences the biosphere. Many people have begun to see similar processes that permea ...
... connections. The ethnosphere is born out of the biosphere within which it is situated, but it has its own particular features, history, and development. In its turn, the ethnosphere modifies, manages, and therefore influences the biosphere. Many people have begun to see similar processes that permea ...
DIVERSITY OF A NORTHERN ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY
... Abstract. Hypotheses about diversity in succession in rocky intertidal communities in the Saint Lawrence estuary, Canada, were tested to evaluate whether results from the study of large organisms may be extrapolated to the entire community of macroinvertebrates. Varying the lower size limit of the o ...
... Abstract. Hypotheses about diversity in succession in rocky intertidal communities in the Saint Lawrence estuary, Canada, were tested to evaluate whether results from the study of large organisms may be extrapolated to the entire community of macroinvertebrates. Varying the lower size limit of the o ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 1. The diversity of pathogens on highly abundant introduced hosts has been positively correlated with time since introduction, geographical range of the introduced species and diversity of invaded habitats. However, little is known about the ecological effects of pathogen accumulation on nonnative i ...
... 1. The diversity of pathogens on highly abundant introduced hosts has been positively correlated with time since introduction, geographical range of the introduced species and diversity of invaded habitats. However, little is known about the ecological effects of pathogen accumulation on nonnative i ...
chapter 6 interplay between scale, resolution, life history and food
... indirect. This leads us to a very fundamental question: How are food webs structured? The answer is not derived only from the measurement of nature, but also depends on conceptualization of the model. Winemiller and Layman (2005) recently described four alternative concepts of food web structure. Th ...
... indirect. This leads us to a very fundamental question: How are food webs structured? The answer is not derived only from the measurement of nature, but also depends on conceptualization of the model. Winemiller and Layman (2005) recently described four alternative concepts of food web structure. Th ...
Semester 1 Exam Review Sheet
... I can describe the effects of the various fishing method: trawler fishing, purse-seine fishing, longlining, and drift-net fishing. I can define fishprint. I can summarize the story of jellyfish invasions. I can define keystone species. I can explain the purpose of marine reserves. I can distinguish ...
... I can describe the effects of the various fishing method: trawler fishing, purse-seine fishing, longlining, and drift-net fishing. I can define fishprint. I can summarize the story of jellyfish invasions. I can define keystone species. I can explain the purpose of marine reserves. I can distinguish ...
- New Zealand Ecological Society
... plantings of pohutukawa on the east coast of the island. Seventy-thousand trees were closely planted to provide shade and shelter for future canopy species. Survival was better than expected (60–80%) resulting in a pohutukawa-dominated forest with almost no regeneration of other species. This was po ...
... plantings of pohutukawa on the east coast of the island. Seventy-thousand trees were closely planted to provide shade and shelter for future canopy species. Survival was better than expected (60–80%) resulting in a pohutukawa-dominated forest with almost no regeneration of other species. This was po ...
FREE Sample Here
... B) The formation of the Grand Canyon by the Colorado River over millions of years C) The gradual deposition of sediments many kilometers thick on the floors of seas and oceans D) The sudden demise of the dinosaurs, and various other groups, by the impact of a large extraterrestrial body with Earth E ...
... B) The formation of the Grand Canyon by the Colorado River over millions of years C) The gradual deposition of sediments many kilometers thick on the floors of seas and oceans D) The sudden demise of the dinosaurs, and various other groups, by the impact of a large extraterrestrial body with Earth E ...
Intertidal Community Structure: Space
... analysis of variance, using both univariateand multivariateprocedures(SAS 1982). MultivariateP values are consideredto be morereliablethanthosegenerated fromunivariate repeated-measuresmodels (Tabachnick and Fiddell 1983), but the univariateresultswere needed for the estimation of variance component ...
... analysis of variance, using both univariateand multivariateprocedures(SAS 1982). MultivariateP values are consideredto be morereliablethanthosegenerated fromunivariate repeated-measuresmodels (Tabachnick and Fiddell 1983), but the univariateresultswere needed for the estimation of variance component ...
Ecology and Behavior of Seabirds
... evolutionary strategy based on the high residual reproductive value established on the high number of reproductive chances in the life of an individual. Dynamics of seabird local population are not only determined by birth-death processes, but also by emigration-immigration phenomenon, which connect ...
... evolutionary strategy based on the high residual reproductive value established on the high number of reproductive chances in the life of an individual. Dynamics of seabird local population are not only determined by birth-death processes, but also by emigration-immigration phenomenon, which connect ...
Conservation biology
... conflicts between habitat needs of endangered species and human demands • For example, in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, habitat preservation for many species is at odds with timber and mining industries • Managing habitat for one species might have positive or negative effects on other species ...
... conflicts between habitat needs of endangered species and human demands • For example, in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, habitat preservation for many species is at odds with timber and mining industries • Managing habitat for one species might have positive or negative effects on other species ...
hierarchical analysis of forest bird species
... First, we hypothesized that plot-level environmental variation would be more important in structuring the bird community than patch-level variation, which in turn would be more important than landscape-level variation. This hypothesis was motivated by the simple proposition that the scale over which ...
... First, we hypothesized that plot-level environmental variation would be more important in structuring the bird community than patch-level variation, which in turn would be more important than landscape-level variation. This hypothesis was motivated by the simple proposition that the scale over which ...
Chapter 5 - The World of the Census
... oceanographic features. The question was timely as the concurrent development of human activities already threatened margin hot spots and triggered urgent needs for sound scientific advice on the evaluation and conservation of continental margin biodiversity (Rogers et al. 2002). Large integrated pr ...
... oceanographic features. The question was timely as the concurrent development of human activities already threatened margin hot spots and triggered urgent needs for sound scientific advice on the evaluation and conservation of continental margin biodiversity (Rogers et al. 2002). Large integrated pr ...
Using Traditional Ecological Knowledge to Improve Holistic
... the user’s traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). Our counterintuitive results show that specific management strategies should be considered for each particular fishing seascape within the HLS while taking into account the differences among ecological structures and fishery dynamics. The insights f ...
... the user’s traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). Our counterintuitive results show that specific management strategies should be considered for each particular fishing seascape within the HLS while taking into account the differences among ecological structures and fishery dynamics. The insights f ...
Text - University of Glasgow
... resource prey through the suppression of mesopredators. However, whether such behavioural suppression can also affect the physiology of resource prey has yet to be examined. 2. Using a three-tier reef fish food web and intermittent-flow respirometry, our study examined changes in the metabolic rate ...
... resource prey through the suppression of mesopredators. However, whether such behavioural suppression can also affect the physiology of resource prey has yet to be examined. 2. Using a three-tier reef fish food web and intermittent-flow respirometry, our study examined changes in the metabolic rate ...
Nature New South Wales
... legal protection and, in some cases, reintroductions. This provides both new challenges and opportunities for Europe. Scavenging species are generally not doing so well as levels of carrion are low in European landscapes. For this reason, up to now most vulture species can only survive by high level ...
... legal protection and, in some cases, reintroductions. This provides both new challenges and opportunities for Europe. Scavenging species are generally not doing so well as levels of carrion are low in European landscapes. For this reason, up to now most vulture species can only survive by high level ...
Environmental heterogeneity, species diversity and
... a-scale, whereas ‘‘large scale’’ deals with inter-communities or b-scale processes. The border between small and large spatial scale varies among studies, because of different community structures, and remains ambiguous. Species distribute themselves along environmental gradients or habitat types ac ...
... a-scale, whereas ‘‘large scale’’ deals with inter-communities or b-scale processes. The border between small and large spatial scale varies among studies, because of different community structures, and remains ambiguous. Species distribute themselves along environmental gradients or habitat types ac ...
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic biology
... Figure 2 Hypothesized variation in phylogenetic clustering and trait conservatism with phylogenetic scale (a) Phylogenetic conservatism of traits and phylogenetic clustering of species in communities varies as more of the tree of life is encompassed in an analysis. Ecologically relevant traits may b ...
... Figure 2 Hypothesized variation in phylogenetic clustering and trait conservatism with phylogenetic scale (a) Phylogenetic conservatism of traits and phylogenetic clustering of species in communities varies as more of the tree of life is encompassed in an analysis. Ecologically relevant traits may b ...
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic
... Figure 2 Hypothesized variation in phylogenetic clustering and trait conservatism with phylogenetic scale (a) Phylogenetic conservatism of traits and phylogenetic clustering of species in communities varies as more of the tree of life is encompassed in an analysis. Ecologically relevant traits may b ...
... Figure 2 Hypothesized variation in phylogenetic clustering and trait conservatism with phylogenetic scale (a) Phylogenetic conservatism of traits and phylogenetic clustering of species in communities varies as more of the tree of life is encompassed in an analysis. Ecologically relevant traits may b ...
Body size distributions in North American freshwater fish: smallscale
... distributions become more symmetrical and bimodal in large ecosystems. In small lakes, body sizes are generally small and fish trophic levels low, but size and trophic level increase up to lake volumes of about 0.001 km3, and change little in larger lakes. Adding trophic level to the analysis greatly ...
... distributions become more symmetrical and bimodal in large ecosystems. In small lakes, body sizes are generally small and fish trophic levels low, but size and trophic level increase up to lake volumes of about 0.001 km3, and change little in larger lakes. Adding trophic level to the analysis greatly ...
File - Science with Snyder
... biggest organisms c. survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area d. survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment 5. Why do organisms need to compete? 6. What is coevolution and what is an example of it? __________________ ...
... biggest organisms c. survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area d. survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment 5. Why do organisms need to compete? 6. What is coevolution and what is an example of it? __________________ ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.