Progress in wetland restoration ecology
... of restoration and because standards for evaluating project For example, degradation and restoration have been deoutcomes are uneven3. Here, I consider recent progress in picted as straight arrows proceeding in opposite directions understanding how both biodiversity and functions along parallel path ...
... of restoration and because standards for evaluating project For example, degradation and restoration have been deoutcomes are uneven3. Here, I consider recent progress in picted as straight arrows proceeding in opposite directions understanding how both biodiversity and functions along parallel path ...
Plant species traits are the predominant control on litter
... Worldwide decomposition rates depend both on climate and the legacy of plant functional traits as litter quality. To quantify the degree to which functional differentiation among species affects their litter decomposition rates, we brought together leaf trait and litter mass loss data for 818 specie ...
... Worldwide decomposition rates depend both on climate and the legacy of plant functional traits as litter quality. To quantify the degree to which functional differentiation among species affects their litter decomposition rates, we brought together leaf trait and litter mass loss data for 818 specie ...
Rapid evolution and the convergence of ecological and evolutionary
... Recent studies have documented rates of evolution of ecologically important phenotypes sufficiently fast that they have the potential to impact the outcome of ecological interactions while they are underway. Observations of this type go against accepted wisdom that ecological and evolutionary dynami ...
... Recent studies have documented rates of evolution of ecologically important phenotypes sufficiently fast that they have the potential to impact the outcome of ecological interactions while they are underway. Observations of this type go against accepted wisdom that ecological and evolutionary dynami ...
Learning Objectives
... 5. Explain the role wildfire plays in sustainable forest management, including causes, prevention methods, forest destruction, and forest regeneration 6. Describe the economic importance of forest-related industries to provincial, national and international economies 7. Explain how environmental con ...
... 5. Explain the role wildfire plays in sustainable forest management, including causes, prevention methods, forest destruction, and forest regeneration 6. Describe the economic importance of forest-related industries to provincial, national and international economies 7. Explain how environmental con ...
Differential response of ants to nutrient addition in a tropical Brown
... In this study, our objectives were (a) to determine, through an isotopic approach (d15N signature), the number of trophic levels that are occupied by leaf-litter ants in a tropical BFW, and to determine their trophic positions relative to other taxa of the litter fauna; (b) by performing nutrient ad ...
... In this study, our objectives were (a) to determine, through an isotopic approach (d15N signature), the number of trophic levels that are occupied by leaf-litter ants in a tropical BFW, and to determine their trophic positions relative to other taxa of the litter fauna; (b) by performing nutrient ad ...
Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity
... each publication for terms that were used to define habitat heterogeneity, the animal species group and ecosystem studied, the definition of the structural variable, the measurement of vegetation structure and the temporal and spatial scale of the study. Main conclusions The majority of studies foun ...
... each publication for terms that were used to define habitat heterogeneity, the animal species group and ecosystem studied, the definition of the structural variable, the measurement of vegetation structure and the temporal and spatial scale of the study. Main conclusions The majority of studies foun ...
05_Lecture_Presentation
... • Ecosystems contain communities of interacting species and their abiotic factors • They function on different scales • It’s hard to delineate fixed boundaries ...
... • Ecosystems contain communities of interacting species and their abiotic factors • They function on different scales • It’s hard to delineate fixed boundaries ...
Land-use history - India Environment Portal
... (2012) for analysis of community data to evaluate our questions. Multilevel models are desirable for our data set and question for several reasons. First, MLM is similar to other common multivariate techniques (e.g. redundancy analysis or canonical correspondence analysis) but allows for generalized ...
... (2012) for analysis of community data to evaluate our questions. Multilevel models are desirable for our data set and question for several reasons. First, MLM is similar to other common multivariate techniques (e.g. redundancy analysis or canonical correspondence analysis) but allows for generalized ...
Ecology and Evolution of Adaptive Morphological Variation in Fish
... Harvell1990). Various morphological structures in prey organisms’ function as efficient adaptations against predation, and these morphological defenses could be either constitutive or environmentally induced. Furthermore, recent findings have shown that predation may be involved in creating variatio ...
... Harvell1990). Various morphological structures in prey organisms’ function as efficient adaptations against predation, and these morphological defenses could be either constitutive or environmentally induced. Furthermore, recent findings have shown that predation may be involved in creating variatio ...
Marzluff__Rodewald_formatted _Nov 18-2
... planners and landscape managers (and to a lesser extent homeowners) interested in conserving biodiversity in urban areas may want to consider. ...
... planners and landscape managers (and to a lesser extent homeowners) interested in conserving biodiversity in urban areas may want to consider. ...
Multiple diversity–stability mechanisms enhance population and
... reduction of the average variability of populations through different means (Table 1). The effects of biodiversity on the stability of population and community attributes will ultimately depend on the mechanisms involved, which will likely vary with environmental context and on the underlying factor ...
... reduction of the average variability of populations through different means (Table 1). The effects of biodiversity on the stability of population and community attributes will ultimately depend on the mechanisms involved, which will likely vary with environmental context and on the underlying factor ...
“Greyling” Jeopardy!
... The symbiotic relationship that occurs when one organism benefits and the other is not affected. Answer ...
... The symbiotic relationship that occurs when one organism benefits and the other is not affected. Answer ...
Human-Induced Trophic Cascades along the Fecal Detritus Pathway
... detritivores (including Scarabaeine dung beetles), with subsequent indirect impacts on detrivore-mediated and plantfacilitating detrital processes. Across a 380-km gradient of human influence in the western Brazilian Amazon, we conducted the first landscape-level assessment of human-induced cascade ...
... detritivores (including Scarabaeine dung beetles), with subsequent indirect impacts on detrivore-mediated and plantfacilitating detrital processes. Across a 380-km gradient of human influence in the western Brazilian Amazon, we conducted the first landscape-level assessment of human-induced cascade ...
Principles and Concepts of Pest Management, In
... In IPM schedule efforts are made to utilize various methods of control including use of pesticides but some times and in some cases it is feasible to nip the trouble in the bud itself even by a mechanical campaign like destruction of egg masses of some pests or collecting the caterpillar stages. In ...
... In IPM schedule efforts are made to utilize various methods of control including use of pesticides but some times and in some cases it is feasible to nip the trouble in the bud itself even by a mechanical campaign like destruction of egg masses of some pests or collecting the caterpillar stages. In ...
Microbial ecology of biological invasions
... tests. As a rule of thumb, one out of every thousand introduced species becomes invasive (Williamson, 1996). Invasive organism ecology is, therefore, focused on explaining why a tenth of a percent of cases results in an observed phenomenon. There is substantial knowledge on how abiotic and biotic so ...
... tests. As a rule of thumb, one out of every thousand introduced species becomes invasive (Williamson, 1996). Invasive organism ecology is, therefore, focused on explaining why a tenth of a percent of cases results in an observed phenomenon. There is substantial knowledge on how abiotic and biotic so ...
Evolutionary rescue in vertebrates: evidence, applications and
... Facing increasing human-driven changes, several populations and species now experience a mismatch between locally adapted traits and novel conditions, leading to an increase in mortality, and a decrease in abundance [1,2]. In response, many researchers seek to identify mechanisms that may allow spec ...
... Facing increasing human-driven changes, several populations and species now experience a mismatch between locally adapted traits and novel conditions, leading to an increase in mortality, and a decrease in abundance [1,2]. In response, many researchers seek to identify mechanisms that may allow spec ...
Table of Contents - Test bank Store
... Answer: The hot springs in Yellowstone provided a new ecological habitat that was not being exploited by any living organisms. Bacteria near the hot springs could not survive the increased temperature. Some individuals within the bacterial populations had variations that allowed them to withstand a ...
... Answer: The hot springs in Yellowstone provided a new ecological habitat that was not being exploited by any living organisms. Bacteria near the hot springs could not survive the increased temperature. Some individuals within the bacterial populations had variations that allowed them to withstand a ...
rhododendron poisons the soil, doesn`t it?
... which they form symbioses in their roots (mycorrhizas). I will concentrate on mycorrhiza because it is what I know about.16 An author with a different speciality might choose bacterial, nematode17 or protist18 communities to illustrate the same points about ecological complexity. Mycorrhizal fungi p ...
... which they form symbioses in their roots (mycorrhizas). I will concentrate on mycorrhiza because it is what I know about.16 An author with a different speciality might choose bacterial, nematode17 or protist18 communities to illustrate the same points about ecological complexity. Mycorrhizal fungi p ...
Ecological opportunity and the origin of adaptive radiations
... (1949, 1953). We propose that these changes in the experienced environment have the common effect of relaxing a source of natural selection acting on ecological traits. This suggests a stricter definition of ecological opportunity as the relaxation of selection acting on some ecologically important ...
... (1949, 1953). We propose that these changes in the experienced environment have the common effect of relaxing a source of natural selection acting on ecological traits. This suggests a stricter definition of ecological opportunity as the relaxation of selection acting on some ecologically important ...
A View of Life
... Ecological niche is the role an organism plays in its community, including its habitat and its interactions with other organisms. – Fundamental niche - All conditions under which the organism can survive. – Realized niche - Set of conditions under which it exists in nature. Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
... Ecological niche is the role an organism plays in its community, including its habitat and its interactions with other organisms. – Fundamental niche - All conditions under which the organism can survive. – Realized niche - Set of conditions under which it exists in nature. Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
Emerging directions in the study of the ecology and evolution of
... not independent entities but rather related to each other through common evolutionary histories. Phylogenetic constraints may influence mutualistic interactions, imprinting a phylogenetic signal (i.e., the tendency of phylogenetically similar species to have similar phenotypic attributes; Bascompte ...
... not independent entities but rather related to each other through common evolutionary histories. Phylogenetic constraints may influence mutualistic interactions, imprinting a phylogenetic signal (i.e., the tendency of phylogenetically similar species to have similar phenotypic attributes; Bascompte ...
56_Lecture_Presentation
... conflicts between habitat needs of endangered species and human demands • For example, in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, habitat preservation for many species is at odds with timber and mining industries • Managing habitat for one species might have positive or negative effects on other species ...
... conflicts between habitat needs of endangered species and human demands • For example, in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, habitat preservation for many species is at odds with timber and mining industries • Managing habitat for one species might have positive or negative effects on other species ...
pdf reprint
... (Levins 1969). It wasn’t until two decades later that metapopulation ecology became a central theory of spatial ecology when Hanski and Gilpin (1991) championed it and honed a mechanistic focus for understanding metapopulation dynamics. Gyllenberg and Hanski (1992) connected occupancy dynamics to pa ...
... (Levins 1969). It wasn’t until two decades later that metapopulation ecology became a central theory of spatial ecology when Hanski and Gilpin (1991) championed it and honed a mechanistic focus for understanding metapopulation dynamics. Gyllenberg and Hanski (1992) connected occupancy dynamics to pa ...
Ecology ppt
... to next; Small energy transfer Living features that influence the distribution of organisms ...
... to next; Small energy transfer Living features that influence the distribution of organisms ...
Table of Contents - We can offer most test bank and solution manual
... Answer: The hot springs in Yellowstone provided a new ecological habitat that was not being exploited by any living organisms. Bacteria near the hot springs could not survive the increased temperature. Some individuals within the bacterial populations had variations that allowed them to withstand a ...
... Answer: The hot springs in Yellowstone provided a new ecological habitat that was not being exploited by any living organisms. Bacteria near the hot springs could not survive the increased temperature. Some individuals within the bacterial populations had variations that allowed them to withstand a ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.