Keystone species - Department of Conservation
... original 15-species assemblage was reduced to eight species. The collapse of a system as a result of the removal of one of its elements prompted the architectural analogy with the keystone of an arch. Subsequently, numerous species in a wide range of communities throughout the world have been claime ...
... original 15-species assemblage was reduced to eight species. The collapse of a system as a result of the removal of one of its elements prompted the architectural analogy with the keystone of an arch. Subsequently, numerous species in a wide range of communities throughout the world have been claime ...
Managing arid zone natural resources in Australia for spatial and
... animal resources (Table 1). Furthermore, rainfall is spatially heterogeneous at scales from individual local storm cells up to continental patterns. Consequently, many animals have the option of mobility, using pulses (similar or otherwise) that occur at different times at different places, essentia ...
... animal resources (Table 1). Furthermore, rainfall is spatially heterogeneous at scales from individual local storm cells up to continental patterns. Consequently, many animals have the option of mobility, using pulses (similar or otherwise) that occur at different times at different places, essentia ...
Item 38C Bobcat Trapping Ban Implications - CAL
... 4. Halsey, S. Modeling predator habitat to enhance reintroduction planning. 2015. ...
... 4. Halsey, S. Modeling predator habitat to enhance reintroduction planning. 2015. ...
A Teacher`s Guide to Cossatot River State Park
... Objective: Explore our visitor center exhibits, wildlife viewing area, and watch our 15 minute park video. Learn about the natural history of the area. Topics illustrated include: geology of the Ouachitas, the Cossatot watershed, stream ecology, rare and endemic plants and animals, cultural history, ...
... Objective: Explore our visitor center exhibits, wildlife viewing area, and watch our 15 minute park video. Learn about the natural history of the area. Topics illustrated include: geology of the Ouachitas, the Cossatot watershed, stream ecology, rare and endemic plants and animals, cultural history, ...
Villy Cristensen: Using ecosystem modeling for fisheries
... mortality and trophic interdependencies; • Evaluation of relative impact of fisheries and environmental factors is progressing; • As a rule we need to invoke fisheries and environmental drivers to fit models. ...
... mortality and trophic interdependencies; • Evaluation of relative impact of fisheries and environmental factors is progressing; • As a rule we need to invoke fisheries and environmental drivers to fit models. ...
Life history adaptations to seasonality - BORA
... of the year, determining the entire life history strategy. A highly seasonal pattern in optimal egg-laying time is predicted. This optimality is, however, seen from an egg’s perspective. Actual egg production, as predicted from population simulations, do not match the seasonal peak in offspring fitn ...
... of the year, determining the entire life history strategy. A highly seasonal pattern in optimal egg-laying time is predicted. This optimality is, however, seen from an egg’s perspective. Actual egg production, as predicted from population simulations, do not match the seasonal peak in offspring fitn ...
PDF
... food is often of low-quality for a variety of organisms including molluscs (Stelzer and Lamberti, 2002; Fink and Elert, 2006), crustaceans (Boersma and Kreutzer, 2002; Meunier et al., 2012, 2016a), insects (Perkins et al., 2004), fish (Borlongan and Satoh, 2001; Vrede et al., 2011), and birds (Grone ...
... food is often of low-quality for a variety of organisms including molluscs (Stelzer and Lamberti, 2002; Fink and Elert, 2006), crustaceans (Boersma and Kreutzer, 2002; Meunier et al., 2012, 2016a), insects (Perkins et al., 2004), fish (Borlongan and Satoh, 2001; Vrede et al., 2011), and birds (Grone ...
Environmental context determines multi-trophic effects of consumer species loss
... processes occurring within and among trophic levels in natural ecosystems and (2) tests of context-dependency of species loss effects. We examined the effects of loss of a key predator and two groups of its prey on algal assemblages at both ambient and enriched nutrient conditions in a marine benthi ...
... processes occurring within and among trophic levels in natural ecosystems and (2) tests of context-dependency of species loss effects. We examined the effects of loss of a key predator and two groups of its prey on algal assemblages at both ambient and enriched nutrient conditions in a marine benthi ...
Evolution in plant populations as a driver of ecological changes in
... hypothesis. Although our data are limited to the study of plant–arthropod interactions, we believe that this approach can be applied to any system in which it is possible to measure phenotypic traits and components of fitness from a focal population, as well as interactions between the focal populat ...
... hypothesis. Although our data are limited to the study of plant–arthropod interactions, we believe that this approach can be applied to any system in which it is possible to measure phenotypic traits and components of fitness from a focal population, as well as interactions between the focal populat ...
Interspecific competition in natural plant
... Finally, some authors claim that, in nutrient-poor environments, traits which lead to high nutrient retention are far more important for plant performance than traits which lead to a high competitive ability for nutrient uptake (Berendse and Aerts, 1987; Aerts, 1990, 1997a; Berendse, 1994a, b). A su ...
... Finally, some authors claim that, in nutrient-poor environments, traits which lead to high nutrient retention are far more important for plant performance than traits which lead to a high competitive ability for nutrient uptake (Berendse and Aerts, 1987; Aerts, 1990, 1997a; Berendse, 1994a, b). A su ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... “social heredity” has similarities to factors leading to the so-called “ecological inheritance” of the niche construction theory and thus can be applied to any type of biological organisms from bacteria to modern humans, elephants, dolphins, or octopuses. Another important point is that “plasticity” ...
... “social heredity” has similarities to factors leading to the so-called “ecological inheritance” of the niche construction theory and thus can be applied to any type of biological organisms from bacteria to modern humans, elephants, dolphins, or octopuses. Another important point is that “plasticity” ...
Evolution in plant populations as a driver of
... hypothesis. Although our data are limited to the study of plant–arthropod interactions, we believe that this approach can be applied to any system in which it is possible to measure phenotypic traits and components of fitness from a focal population, as well as interactions between the focal populat ...
... hypothesis. Although our data are limited to the study of plant–arthropod interactions, we believe that this approach can be applied to any system in which it is possible to measure phenotypic traits and components of fitness from a focal population, as well as interactions between the focal populat ...
ppt檔案
... both natural and agricultural habitats. Some of these pests are exotic species, accidentally or intentionally introduced to regions beyond their natural range. 若是使用殺蟲劑，至少有兩個問題： ...
... both natural and agricultural habitats. Some of these pests are exotic species, accidentally or intentionally introduced to regions beyond their natural range. 若是使用殺蟲劑，至少有兩個問題： ...
Biogeomorphic Impacts of Invasive Species
... significant impacts on geomorphological processes and landforms, while landforms and surface processes are in turn critical aspects of habitat for organisms. It has long been recognized that landforms and organisms influence each other. However, the rise of biogeomorphology in recent years reflects the ...
... significant impacts on geomorphological processes and landforms, while landforms and surface processes are in turn critical aspects of habitat for organisms. It has long been recognized that landforms and organisms influence each other. However, the rise of biogeomorphology in recent years reflects the ...
Terrestrial Ecology Week 2 quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice
... 1. Nitrogen __Fixation______ is the conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia. ...
... 1. Nitrogen __Fixation______ is the conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia. ...
Mixotrophs combine resource use to outcompete specialists
... sufficient to allow them to realize this growth rate. Thus, the biomass of algae depends on total nutrient concentration and cellular growth rate. Higher growth rates to compensate for, e.g., grazing losses require higher external and internal nutrient concentrations and are therefore associated wit ...
... sufficient to allow them to realize this growth rate. Thus, the biomass of algae depends on total nutrient concentration and cellular growth rate. Higher growth rates to compensate for, e.g., grazing losses require higher external and internal nutrient concentrations and are therefore associated wit ...
Life and Living - The Department of Education
... a sustainable ecosystem relies on a balance within a living and nonliving environment ...
... a sustainable ecosystem relies on a balance within a living and nonliving environment ...
microbial diversity and global environmental issues
... diversity? The easy but shortsighted response is that the existing diversity of microorganisms provides a resource reservoir from which individual species with special traits can be selected to serve biotechnological purposes. This response is inadequate because it ignores the functional gestalt of ...
... diversity? The easy but shortsighted response is that the existing diversity of microorganisms provides a resource reservoir from which individual species with special traits can be selected to serve biotechnological purposes. This response is inadequate because it ignores the functional gestalt of ...
Effects of trophic similarity on community composition
... expectations using a set of community food webs found within a region. These expectations emerge from randomly drawing species from the regional species pool in a way that creates connected food webs with identical numbers of species at each trophic level for each community. We first randomly draw t ...
... expectations using a set of community food webs found within a region. These expectations emerge from randomly drawing species from the regional species pool in a way that creates connected food webs with identical numbers of species at each trophic level for each community. We first randomly draw t ...
Allocation in High-Sea Fisheries
... WHY SO LITTLE PROGRESS? Little incentive for very large expenditure with krill fishery minimal given economic constraints ...
... WHY SO LITTLE PROGRESS? Little incentive for very large expenditure with krill fishery minimal given economic constraints ...
2 How Do Population Changes Happen?
... $URING $ARWINS TIME A SCIENTIST NAMED 4HOMAS -ALTHUS WAS STUDYING HUMAN POPULATIONS (E OBSERVED ...
... $URING $ARWINS TIME A SCIENTIST NAMED 4HOMAS -ALTHUS WAS STUDYING HUMAN POPULATIONS (E OBSERVED ...
ESA16 Program
... Helen White, PhD Candidate, The University of Western Australia / CSIRO, WA Plasticity elicits resilience to future climatic changes in early establishment traits of a riparian tree ...
... Helen White, PhD Candidate, The University of Western Australia / CSIRO, WA Plasticity elicits resilience to future climatic changes in early establishment traits of a riparian tree ...
The effect of habitat heterogeneity on species diversity patterns: a
... between a species’ niche space and the patch’s habitat space); and (3) demographic stochasticity (inverse populationsize dependent residuals from deterministic birth and death rates). The global-scale processes of the model include fitness-optimizing migration and catastrophic stochasticity (disturb ...
... between a species’ niche space and the patch’s habitat space); and (3) demographic stochasticity (inverse populationsize dependent residuals from deterministic birth and death rates). The global-scale processes of the model include fitness-optimizing migration and catastrophic stochasticity (disturb ...
Appendix K Soil biota - Defra Science Search
... arising from human activity, and in only a few cases studies so far, drive or facilitate such changes 1. Consistent relationships between soil biodiversity and specific soil functions have yet to be demonstrated2, suggesting that more species do not necessarily provide more services – most likely du ...
... arising from human activity, and in only a few cases studies so far, drive or facilitate such changes 1. Consistent relationships between soil biodiversity and specific soil functions have yet to be demonstrated2, suggesting that more species do not necessarily provide more services – most likely du ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.