Invasion of a stream food web by a new top predator
... packed within niche space. Most prey species were eaten by every predator species (including C. boltonii), indicating the potential for strong apparent competition within the web. Key-words: connectance, intraguild predation, niche overlap, omnivory, ontogenetic diet shifts. Journal of Animal Ecolog ...
... packed within niche space. Most prey species were eaten by every predator species (including C. boltonii), indicating the potential for strong apparent competition within the web. Key-words: connectance, intraguild predation, niche overlap, omnivory, ontogenetic diet shifts. Journal of Animal Ecolog ...
curriculum vitae - University of Maryland Center for Environmental
... Woodland, R.J., D.H. Secor, M.C. Fabrizio, and M.J. Wilberg. 2012. Comparing the nursery role of inner continental shelf and estuarine habitats for temperate marine fishes. Estuarine, Coastal, Shelf Science 99:61-73. [UMCES contribution No. 4602] Wuenschel et al. (Woodland, R.J., one of 14 coauthors ...
... Woodland, R.J., D.H. Secor, M.C. Fabrizio, and M.J. Wilberg. 2012. Comparing the nursery role of inner continental shelf and estuarine habitats for temperate marine fishes. Estuarine, Coastal, Shelf Science 99:61-73. [UMCES contribution No. 4602] Wuenschel et al. (Woodland, R.J., one of 14 coauthors ...
Non-consumptive effects of a top-predator decrease the strength of
... investigations on non-consumptive effects in a wide range of food web topologies and ecosystems. Here we tested for the indirect consequences of top-predator presence on primary producers through their non-consumptive effects on mesopredators and their herbivorous prey in a four-level terrestrial ex ...
... investigations on non-consumptive effects in a wide range of food web topologies and ecosystems. Here we tested for the indirect consequences of top-predator presence on primary producers through their non-consumptive effects on mesopredators and their herbivorous prey in a four-level terrestrial ex ...
Food Webs, Models and Species Extinctions in a
... amazement. However, one of the most striking features of contemporary global change is the rapid loss of species richness in various ecological communities. This decline occurs at a rate similar in magnitude to the five or more mass extinction events in the history of life on earth. Biodiversity los ...
... amazement. However, one of the most striking features of contemporary global change is the rapid loss of species richness in various ecological communities. This decline occurs at a rate similar in magnitude to the five or more mass extinction events in the history of life on earth. Biodiversity los ...
Climate change uncouples trophic interactions in a
... producers to herbivorous zooplankton. However, the ability to respond to changes in the timing of phytoplankton blooms differed among zooplankton species. The phenology of Keratella paralleled the advance in timing of the phytoplankton peak. The temporal offset in this predator–prey relationship did ...
... producers to herbivorous zooplankton. However, the ability to respond to changes in the timing of phytoplankton blooms differed among zooplankton species. The phenology of Keratella paralleled the advance in timing of the phytoplankton peak. The temporal offset in this predator–prey relationship did ...
Megafauna and ecosystem function from the
... large size is a generally effective strategy for protection against predators, which is one of the factors that results in a tendency toward large animal size in all ecosystems, subject to resource supply and thermal, mechanical, and demographic constraints (24). Lacking effective predators, megaher ...
... large size is a generally effective strategy for protection against predators, which is one of the factors that results in a tendency toward large animal size in all ecosystems, subject to resource supply and thermal, mechanical, and demographic constraints (24). Lacking effective predators, megaher ...
DETECTING ECOLOGICAL TRADE-OFFS USING SELECTION EXPERIMENTS
... were transferred on host B, the M locus could not cause reduction in fitness on host A. To understand the second possibility, consider another biallelic locus (N ) that shows overdominance (heterozygote superiority) on host A, but is neutral on host B. In a population maintained on host A, locus N w ...
... were transferred on host B, the M locus could not cause reduction in fitness on host A. To understand the second possibility, consider another biallelic locus (N ) that shows overdominance (heterozygote superiority) on host A, but is neutral on host B. In a population maintained on host A, locus N w ...
Introduction
... classes [10]；in the subtropical humid monsoon zone of dolomite Karst in Shibing, the plant flora has the characteristics of both temperate, tropical and subtropical flora, and there are 1352 kinds of higher plants; Fauna are mainly characterized by terrestrial vertebrates with a total number of 298 ...
... classes [10]；in the subtropical humid monsoon zone of dolomite Karst in Shibing, the plant flora has the characteristics of both temperate, tropical and subtropical flora, and there are 1352 kinds of higher plants; Fauna are mainly characterized by terrestrial vertebrates with a total number of 298 ...
View/Open - Rice Scholarship Home
... on to later generations by heredity, and in this way racial adaptations are supposed to have originated. T h u s all racial o r inherent adaptations are held to have come from individual or acquired ones. T h e increased pigmentation of the skin of one who is exposed to tropical light is said to be ...
... on to later generations by heredity, and in this way racial adaptations are supposed to have originated. T h u s all racial o r inherent adaptations are held to have come from individual or acquired ones. T h e increased pigmentation of the skin of one who is exposed to tropical light is said to be ...
Basic and Applied Ecology
... Glenn 1997, Johnson 1998). Indeed, few other patterns in community ecology have been found to exhibit such a high level of generality (the species-area relationship being one obvious exception). Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the positive interspecific relationship between local ab ...
... Glenn 1997, Johnson 1998). Indeed, few other patterns in community ecology have been found to exhibit such a high level of generality (the species-area relationship being one obvious exception). Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the positive interspecific relationship between local ab ...
YAMUNA BIODIVERSITY PARK, NEW DELHI
... This is made clearer in the case of Punjab. The state has lost all of its indigenous biodiversity; the local species being replaced by exotic weeds and agricultural monocultures. This has resulted in a loss of bird and animal diversity too. Agricultural monocultures are at risk as fields no longer s ...
... This is made clearer in the case of Punjab. The state has lost all of its indigenous biodiversity; the local species being replaced by exotic weeds and agricultural monocultures. This has resulted in a loss of bird and animal diversity too. Agricultural monocultures are at risk as fields no longer s ...
Population dynamics of large and small mammals
... in Fig. 2 populations of large herbivores limited by weather. Large-mammal herbivores, in general, are not greatly affected directly by weather, with a few exceptions. Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) in the Canadian arctic islands are periodically reduced by autumn episodes of freezing rain ...
... in Fig. 2 populations of large herbivores limited by weather. Large-mammal herbivores, in general, are not greatly affected directly by weather, with a few exceptions. Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) in the Canadian arctic islands are periodically reduced by autumn episodes of freezing rain ...
260 KB - Hawaii Biological Survey
... Hawaiian streams directly influence mechanistic factors impacting stream biota. Not the least of these factors include nutrient regimes, flow regimes, and residence time. The minimized hyporheic zone is a result of the islands’ volcanic origins and the limited amount of sediment covering this volcan ...
... Hawaiian streams directly influence mechanistic factors impacting stream biota. Not the least of these factors include nutrient regimes, flow regimes, and residence time. The minimized hyporheic zone is a result of the islands’ volcanic origins and the limited amount of sediment covering this volcan ...
500 AP Exam Questions - Mr. D`s Science Page
... c) community d) genus e) subspecies 58. The place where an organism lives is its a) niche b) community c) ecosystem d) habitat e) biome 59. A community of living organisms interacting with one another and the physical and chemical factors of their nonliving environment is called a) a species b) an e ...
... c) community d) genus e) subspecies 58. The place where an organism lives is its a) niche b) community c) ecosystem d) habitat e) biome 59. A community of living organisms interacting with one another and the physical and chemical factors of their nonliving environment is called a) a species b) an e ...
Chapter Objective Essays These must be in complete sentences. BE
... Define a biological community. Explain why the study of community ecology is important. (2 pts) Define interspecific competition, mutualism, predation, herbivory, and parasitism, and provide examples of each. (10 pts) Define an ecological niche. Explain how interspecific competition can occur when t ...
... Define a biological community. Explain why the study of community ecology is important. (2 pts) Define interspecific competition, mutualism, predation, herbivory, and parasitism, and provide examples of each. (10 pts) Define an ecological niche. Explain how interspecific competition can occur when t ...
Gelatinous plankton: irregularities rule the world (sometimes)
... and/or carnivores (both native and nonindigenous species) are frequently observed, and explanations of these blooms alternatively invoke ecosystem variability, climate change, unspecified anthropogenic perturbation or removal of top predators from trophic networks. Gelatinous plankters, however, are ...
... and/or carnivores (both native and nonindigenous species) are frequently observed, and explanations of these blooms alternatively invoke ecosystem variability, climate change, unspecified anthropogenic perturbation or removal of top predators from trophic networks. Gelatinous plankters, however, are ...
Good Morning 9/28/15
... for example, a "nervous fluid" would flow into its neck and make it longer. Its offspring would inherit the longer neck, and continued stretching would make it longer still over several generations. Acquired characteristics would be passed on to offspring. ...
... for example, a "nervous fluid" would flow into its neck and make it longer. Its offspring would inherit the longer neck, and continued stretching would make it longer still over several generations. Acquired characteristics would be passed on to offspring. ...
Environmental Science
... Terrestrial Biomes & Aquatic Ecosystems Project Objective: Students will create presentations that demonstrate and explain the abiotic and biotic conditions present in terrestrial and aquatic biomes. General Instructions: o Students may work alone or in pairs. o Design & create an informational pres ...
... Terrestrial Biomes & Aquatic Ecosystems Project Objective: Students will create presentations that demonstrate and explain the abiotic and biotic conditions present in terrestrial and aquatic biomes. General Instructions: o Students may work alone or in pairs. o Design & create an informational pres ...
A distance-based framework for measuring functional diversity from
... descriptors and to treat semi-quantitative variables as described by Podani (1999). This coefficient is the default used in the ‘‘dbFD’’ function of the ‘‘FD’’ package to measure FD under our distance-based framework when some traits are semi-quantitative and/or qualitative, or when weights are speci ...
... descriptors and to treat semi-quantitative variables as described by Podani (1999). This coefficient is the default used in the ‘‘dbFD’’ function of the ‘‘FD’’ package to measure FD under our distance-based framework when some traits are semi-quantitative and/or qualitative, or when weights are speci ...
51 - edl.io
... 59. A community of living organisms interacting with one another and the physical and chemical factors of their nonliving environment is called a) a species b) an ecosystem c) a population d) a lithosphere e) a biosphere 60. Which of the following includes all the others? a) species b) population c ...
... 59. A community of living organisms interacting with one another and the physical and chemical factors of their nonliving environment is called a) a species b) an ecosystem c) a population d) a lithosphere e) a biosphere 60. Which of the following includes all the others? a) species b) population c ...
the role of ecological culture as an indicator of sustainable
... Research methods are cultural and educational. Analysis of recent publications. The term "ecological culture" emerged relatively recently - in the 20-th (" cultural ecology» and “ecological culture" in J.Steward). Contents of this concept in the interpretation of various authors have a fairly wide m ...
... Research methods are cultural and educational. Analysis of recent publications. The term "ecological culture" emerged relatively recently - in the 20-th (" cultural ecology» and “ecological culture" in J.Steward). Contents of this concept in the interpretation of various authors have a fairly wide m ...
Untitled - Bio
... be taking the only ecology course they will ever take. This, in turn, has allowed us to engineer a certain amount of ‘niche differentiation’. With the first years covered by Essentials, we have been freer to attempt to make this fourth edition an upto-date guide to ecology now (or, at least, when it ...
... be taking the only ecology course they will ever take. This, in turn, has allowed us to engineer a certain amount of ‘niche differentiation’. With the first years covered by Essentials, we have been freer to attempt to make this fourth edition an upto-date guide to ecology now (or, at least, when it ...
Disease Spreading on Ecological Multiplex
... Processes in which diseases spread and sustain inside of different types of populations were always interesting subjects for epidemiologists. In recent years, ecologists draw the attention to the fact that not only hosts but also the other species in the community can affect the process of disease s ...
... Processes in which diseases spread and sustain inside of different types of populations were always interesting subjects for epidemiologists. In recent years, ecologists draw the attention to the fact that not only hosts but also the other species in the community can affect the process of disease s ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.