Download Good Morning 9/28/15

Good Afternoon 9/28/15
• Do Now – analysis of phylogeetic tree
• Write down HW
• Who shaped Darwin’s thinking (ppt take out
•
•
•
•
notebook)
Reading: A Sample Study
HW Lesson 10.1 Vocabulary WS
Grade sheets will be given out at end of period
See me with questions. I can not answer
questions now until I have given out all sheets.
Ideas that shaped Darwin’s
Thinking
 James Hutton:
 1795 Theory of Geological
change
 Forces change
earth’s surface
shape
 Changes are slow
 Earth much older
than thousands of
years
Ideas that Shaped Darwin’s
Thinking
 Charles Lyell
 Book: Principles of
Geography
 Geographical
features can be
built up or torn
down
 Darwin thought if
earth changed over
time, what about
life?
Lamarck’s Theory of
Evolution
Change through Use and Disusewhen environments changed so did
organisms.
If an organism began to use an organ more than
they had in the past……it would increase in it’s
lifetime
If an organism did not use it would
shrink and disappear.
 example: If a giraffe stretched its neck for leaves,
for example, a "nervous fluid" would flow into its
neck and make it longer. Its offspring would inherit
the longer neck, and continued stretching would
make it longer still over several generations.
Acquired characteristics would be passed on to
offspring.
 Lamarck also proposed that organisms
were driven from simple life forms to more
complex forms
Why are bacteria still alive today?
Lamarckian inheritance is used today as a historical
contrast for our understanding of inheritance only
Comparing Lamarck and
Darwin
Population Growth
 Thomas Malthus-19th
century English economist
 If population grew
(more Babies born than
die)
 Insufficient living
space
 Food runs out
 Darwin applied this
theory to animals
Summary of Darwin’s Theory
 Individuals in nature differ from one another
 Organisms in nature produce more offspring than can
survive, and many of those who do not survive do not
reproduce.
 Because more organisms are produce than can survive,
each species must struggle for resources
 Each organism is unique, each has advantages and
disadvantages in the struggle for existence
Summary (cont.)
 Individuals best suited for the environment survive and
reproduce most successful
 Species change over time
 Species alive today descended with modification from
species that lived in the past
 All organisms on earth are united into a single family
tree of life by common descent
Adaptation/Mutation/Natural Selection/
Selective Breeding Examples
Primate A
Mutation
Adaptation
Natural Selection
Primate B
Adaptation/Mutation/Natural Selection/
Selective Breeding Examples
Primate A
Mutation
Adaptation
Natural Selection
Develops opposable thumb
Primate B
Adaptation/Mutation/Natural Selection/
Selective Breeding Examples
Primate A
Mutation
Adaptation
Natural Selection
Develops opposable thumb
Primate B
Does NOT develop
opposable thumb
Adaptation/Mutation/Natural Selection/
Selective Breeding Examples
Primate A
Mutation
Develops opposable thumb
Adaptation
Because of his thumbs, primate A
can now handle tools and has a
better chance of survival
Natural Selection
Primate B
Does NOT develop
opposable thumb
Adaptation/Mutation/Natural Selection/
Selective Breeding Examples
Primate A
Primate B
Mutation
Develops opposable thumb
Does NOT develop
opposable thumb
Adaptation
Because of his thumbs, primate A
can now handle tools and has a
better chance of survival
Primate B is less adapted to
his environment so it is more
difficult for him to survive
Natural Selection
Adaptation/Mutation/Natural Selection/
Selective Breeding Examples
Primate A
Primate B
Mutation
Develops opposable thumb
Does NOT develop
opposable thumb
Adaptation
Because of his thumbs, primate A
can now handle tools and has a
better chance of survival
Primate B is less adapted to
his environment so it is more
difficult for him to survive
Primate A passes mutation on to
his children
Natural Selection
Adaptation/Mutation/Natural Selection/
Selective Breeding Examples
Primate A
Primate B
Mutation
Develops opposable thumb
Does NOT develop
opposable thumb
Adaptation
Because of his thumbs, primate A
can now handle tools and has a
better chance of survival
Primate B is less adapted to
his environment so it is more
difficult for him to survive
Primate A passes mutation on to
his children
Primate B produces more
children without the
opposable thumb
Natural Selection
Adaptation/Mutation/Natural Selection/
Selective Breeding Examples
Primate A
Primate B
Mutation
Develops opposable thumb
Does NOT develop
opposable thumb
Adaptation
Because of his thumbs, primate A
can now handle tools and has a
better chance of survival
Primate B is less adapted to
his environment so it is more
difficult for him to survive
Primate A passes mutation on to
his children
Primate B produces more
children without the
opposable thumb
Many Generations later those
Out number those without because
environment.
Today all primates
primates with opposable
they are better suited for their
have opposable thumbs
Natural Selection
Natural Selection & Artificial
Selection
Natural selection is the driving force of
evolution. The environment selects the winners
and losers. In artificial selection we are the
shapers of other living things.
Natural variation--differences among individuals of a species
 Natural Selection the process in nature by which only the organisms that are
best adapted to their environment tend to survive and
reproduce, transmitting their genetic characteristics to the
next generation
 Artificial selection- nature provides the variation among different
organisms, and humans select those variations they find useful
.